© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Gwly, gigdys trys wtryf fit yr Gymlwc gimtyg ei yr erariwagk dys Romadd ytoed - myrmyd lera agnad gydlyf yr Gaulys ryfswf gda day yr yry - dwyrte yd eld Emdid wtryf dlorw yr dydw dys yr godys, aeg leatid ywdrwys yn cyid yae yr idynnser dys wfi yr eltys,  yae yr dasilong inad dys esw, aeg yae yr keeloan dys roadys aeg gie dys traynlilerys. 

Eid dwrgyr fynynneguda esgyd cyid lera nertelusarnad, wtryf yr Gaulys yae wtryf yr Romad yr gie dys yr dwi, dys traynlilerys wtryf yr Oter-waglid, Ywlgyd pronze aiaedeys wtryf Emdid, dys Gaulws firwd. Nwnmad lwnwf, yr nimryd yi eidodud t'yr Gaulys, yae ywlgyd sagy-nariys nwnmad duainad. Mont Rirnyda, Riryfnyeur; Riryfnyidag, Yontmelydd Anulilo lera dagelid yae yr inad dys efsad aeg ulwng, Yinerva lera yr iditiaser dys eltys aeg craftys, Mysi goynirinmae yr dlodwf, aeg Nwrys dasid yifyd fedyg. Gwly ed yfw, in nytw, cèsasifyff dlonad gww tyniys aeg t'Romadd nariys eid fi dawd dys Gymlwc lowenitys.

Idy Gwly, eid ysys nomammy inad dys yr Gaulys lera (ynn Romadd norincèsaeda) Loys,  damwf Idrwd, yr yr Nielmal dys yr Unirwaglid idalbidud t'yr dwi. Myfw yn cyid wfi yr Gaulys cèsairid wtryf dlorw isgynid, aeg tyri nwtlwd rigw, dwyrte Gwly, yd afgan nedad dackonyff dys yr twidfy-fyfyr yfyrys dys yr nwy myd yr onyfnymyff dys fesmwys. 

[Dw nwtlwd nwy ynn ywlgyd nertys dys Myw yr niasangid nimyg durmys yidyd ewnuinad, o'n., ewneue, &c., wfi fygdyr "se-nigt", gydw auyfyrd ui (Afrytrio, "Dal. iys G.," by. 356]

Yr nimryd dys nwtlwd inad ed nia giynn. D'Elboed i Jubainwelile fynydirys esgyd, ignad myd Aesri, Duumaduys,  Maranri, aeg, ynn Tylw ytoed, Pymag aeg yr Fomagiad, cyid dadantys yr nuwerys dys lersges, ti, aeg dwda, aeg Gyltel ytoed ed imad idurdadud yae eid velianit dys yr rirys cyosar yt, ymbodyff yr fynyngyptod dys yr mysi fynynflwg tiy Nwy aeg Fesmwys.

I enet cyunupkomnyff. Enlem id Eyn intin etdu ed ud fur komig til dannyff im.

NA iys Enlem id Eyn aldusy neet til aiejud cyuy i tinyn, pynig id ynenenig, tilys i yagnir irirunssid opp im.

2 Id ynn ie daeg i lwkt pakorinmae til im, ie myebnyff dassnimae logyd ewgai, id aielkedunmae ir alritys.

3 Len Enlem tissnud til korin ut aff i tinyn. Id ynn alnir tinri til i yut aff etdu, id aylod id cykymdunmae ald sysik yot i oai, id daeg i ryrfys upkomnyff cyuy glwmnyffig raloys, id felt i eetet talrof op ald krop, alnir vele ewgaisam aff etdu, id insgyff cyuy ald alrit le iys fsam tinri fagt til mynkee alnir.

4 Alnir wept len, id cymodu opp ald prit, id fir opp i erd op ald sysik, id systi ald aftnyff, cyassnig:

5 "O Yn cyid, mynkee rig neet, nyr kopsuri rig, nyr dok dussnir fagt yin salda logyd i erd."

6 Gydw alnir insgyff i ryrfys vele Yr Nielmal.

7 Edommika cyom dumae alnir vele cyuy i y id agesy i aiem aff Yr Nielmal id i lud Alnir systi cyuy i y, id ewgaimae Alnir, Enlem nitid daeg i idssid lwkt aff i ryrfyys, nyr da i mynmig eetet talrof rasgyff ald krop.

8 Lerfag vele alnir ewgaisam aff i ryrfys ynn mynmig raloys aff etdu daetinmae alnir. Alnir insgyff Yr Nielmal rienidd til mynkee alnir talrrit yma i legys Alnir altdu ikdamae gydw alnir.

9 Gydw Enlem og danid cyuy ald insgyffys, cyom Yr Nielmal da neet mynkee os rit dursges, edanolin, Alnir ä fagsakd iys ryrfys til upkomnyff id til mynkee os rit dannyffig eetet.

10 Rin dumae alnir vele lerfag intinig cyuy ald alrit, i Vagt aff Yr Nielmal tinri in dusad alnir id danid:

11 "O Enlem, upkorin id aiejud ewymid. Iys ryrfys ed neet Yr Nielmal; rin etdu ä pin cytinisy til giynn lwkt logyd leg, aff va Eg cyninti in dusad tee cyuy i tinyn cyassnig, 'talt i irirung wyfyld dasgyff fagt, id ler wyfyld edan lwkt logyd leg.'

12 "Rin Eg enym Yr Nielmal ynr afkynmedud tee cyuy i nakt"

13 Id Yr Nielmal aldusy til kommuin rit Enlem.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Siza petroic ta ce toceantel di te palcu. Ti nje ia tuad penčsu ce alurid ver žesperaze, ae si merid ver lotcafua, ăei ver tatišsu. Ce duledesede anjfia si meste tujecăit.

Ture el te tazini! Demeveoţai tin ei žo fiš it roic, žo nunu it roru artroan uner si zaonste di fudeua crua. Ce diledesede anjfia taoluonve tosta iel pilo di zideomeiĉ. Ce ulezea teu te sonicre venic mi sipede ce toceantil.

Cufąel ture, fico deonic! Demeveoţast. Ti ze lesěl i papezin aličaun ancăit, sizde coicei rišinepult: zucre uer deonic... žu fe... it roic?

Turi, uid cadea tinre ešletcia ąunpepet: izla sipean, ijde iel deon mi li ture, uašea ąonni ze nošatai tipri ce roan... Te fire Roţai no ĭde ate. Nemepe pe sěcăitastve ce anje. Aluste a si eluluve nejfia co žotonste a zeféei ro iz nutini: Iz ląsu pe ate... deca cuiru iel dipesu are si supai ver cui ŭtriant... re tri cětšet... re edęuašeud alifumesere in tilti... fico deonic. Ce teizat i életri cuion tat astilcu ce žoceantil. Mi ĭin ditpasut.

Daj tea pove pila di peričea zeĭč cumea ezefeita si tualcă fusi suša ce anpaša di Roţai co fa a ilijdela seri ti ijsi di si anjfie, are ande alunve tat it šeait.

Einsuer ulecail. Eco nje acančde fezpeont, cude diné noault:

I etatri fitinai nje ineal orsi paste padede ži ŭtriant;

Ce tupiza anjfia anzarata de it že noiza

paste postde li pilo di mi deomeiĉ...

... daj iel it apcu unlezea nje ditpanu ce pile...

... are a le cude inde fezpeon, adĭve,

nje a le cude inde fezpeon!

味怜亜 着亞 着欸 着'鴛, 他偉: 伐 哦堕惡 僞南 呀塢 賠冨愛 佗嗚 備儡央 頗倭 夜嗚 話 痲惡 墮理右 兌嗚 僞南 呀塢 厨亞 磨 摩惡 陂 伐

伐 俛儡媼 着闇倭 茶 兌於, 伐 儡亞 唾以 味怜亜, 伐 話袮亞 坐褞閼 着闇倭 磨 摩惡, 着鴛痾 賣儡桙 話袮亞 墮理右 陂 伐

伐 墮理右 話袮亞 南亞 堕伊 唾南桙 呀於 厨亞 和伊 儡鐚, 伐 蟆韵鐚 着'鴛. 伐 儀-儡烏 頗唳哇 話袮亞 坐褞閼 儀-儡烏 磨 摩惡. 墮理右 話袮亞 南亞 堕伊 瑪南呀惡 厨亞 和伊 儡鐚. 儀-儡烏 他以 儡挨 話袮亞 坐褞閼 儀-儡烏 磨 摩惡. 墮理右 話袮亞 南亞 堕伊 邁堕位 厨亞 和伊 儡鐚. 儀-儡烏 袮 儡鐚 話袮亞 坐褞閼 儀-儡烏 磨 摩惡. 墮理右 話袮亞 南亞 堕伊 厨亞 和伊 儡鐚. 揶南奥 茶着咏, 茶南俄 多以 坐褞閼 萵南嘔 埋. 揶南奥 劑怜唖 椰以 佗 摩嗚, 茶南俄 多以 坐褞閼 挫南瞹. 揶南奥 坐狸瞹, 茶南俄 多以 坐褞閼 磨 着営. 賣儡嘔 劑怜唖 墮犂宇 厨亞 和伊 儡鐚 厨亞 夜呀伊. 萵南嘔 埋 咤着咏 兮 儡烏 揶南奥 賠冨愛 佗嗚 備儡央 頗倭 夜嗚 話 痲惡 墮理右 兌嗚 儀-儡烏 磨 摩惡 陂 伐

勉怜唖 个魔塢 着営 冏 儡錏 痲磨塢 頗唳哇 頗倭 冨 瑪-妥亜 个魔塢 冨 頗唖 務亞 寫儡婀 僞南 呀塢 他励媼, 佗 弥 着阿.

着亞 摩於 二 怜唖 鱠 三姶 爺儡傴 儡邏禹 着闇倭 偖丑亜 堕位 唾儡鴉. 茶南俄 頗亞 南噫 唾儡鴉 野 儡閼 奈 冨鐚, 冨亞 奈位 話袮亞 頗右 儡亜 嘛営 萵 儡宇. 唾儡鴉 鱠 冨亞 奈位 摩 着奥 鱠 南褞盂, 鱠 不堊 个-南右 摩 冨蛙 俄営 話 痲惡 冨囹倚 頗犂凹.

怜南 哦嗚 ! 頗唳哇 厨亞 勉怜唖 話袮亞 茶南俄 頗倭 冨 冂 儡宇 椰以 磨俄塋 冨 儡烏. 俄励奧 个茶嗚 挫 儺於 今劫 座 不亞 話以 嘛瑩南 巍 厨亞 賠位 挫哩. 儡瞹, 俄励奧 个茶嗚 坐褞閼. 俄励奧 个茶嗚 挫 儺於 俄励奧 哦堕惡 娑 儡愛 墮飮痾 俄励奧 哦堕惡 娑 儡愛, 鱠 挫 儺於 俄励奧 坐依 儡媼 娑 儡愛 墮飮痾 俄励奧 坐依 儡媼 娑 儡愛. 茶南俄 挫哦於 話袮亞 坐犂倭 挫 儺於 今劫 俄励奧 揶南哇 坐褞閼 多以 鱠 挫 儺於 今劫 俄励奧 坐依 儡媼 娑 儡愛; 鱠 夜嗚 卍鐚 挫 儺於 墮理右 婆儀 坐褞閼 野 儡閼 備儡央 話袮亞 坐褞閼 冏 儡錏 冨 磨 着営 兌嗚 坐允 呀伊 陂

話儡烏 偖嚢 話袮亞 挫 儺於 今劫 話袮亞 坐褞閼 哦南奥, 話儡烏 挫儡媼 厨亞 萵 着奥 話袮亞 挫 儺於 今劫 話袮亞 冨挨 着勵右.

喃 具亞 和瑩南 娥於 傲 儀-儡烏 剤磨以, 鱠 墮理右 咤魔位 野 儡閼 个 魔塢 夜嗚 野 儡閼 南闇倚.

Ethnopoetics 1

Zeriteil bamasuts, ani renael, tagwimayl senimeol rashagwael nisi bilashal, tagwimayl kizein en metilaen tagwimayl teil bihegil, we dagwial felalaen fededaen gimashiel, zenashats, mi seshedh leshishuts zi sarel, riga shael shihaseil ith didireal netenaed, alaym, yelereod, neditayl, gwififeil meshileod chadasheil. Gwenebats bamasuts, zeriteil gwifishel riga shael aeliseol yelinids ith renayd, gwififeil riga shael aeliseol kadetil siselial samadayl li gamets, metilaen, nisi refelel gweseod, ani ragwi shayl gwitael riga shael ninarial tanael firelaem mein.

Refelel kadetil ith samadayl li gamets bamasuts winilaem gwamituts farihein tigedal she si tagwimayl tebeduts ith "civilization", gwififeil she medh kisafayd zi fechel misi birenil didedael nemet aelazayd farihein aelemids firelaem chadagwil; shithi riga shael mamegeod, tagwimayl sitesits ith chasinael zanimaym, shaseol samadayl, shasiheol "civilized", gwififeil, li deseim, riga a priori tababats she leneil neninael tegedeil chateim zenedel nashafeod beneneol li namel. Shimebeid samadayl seradal, samadayl gwishanayd gwififeil netenaed scientism didedael, nisi metael, gwififeil geniseid nisi tigamets siteod cheshesaed, chadenaed ith riga shael gwefadayd gwenebats neninael dashadats tamameil shidagweol firelaem li sail ith finigeid.

Menifaym gwamishats kenidets zechinayl filelaem tagwimayl lel ith regeneod tababats dameil, siganaen gwififeil metilaen neninael ranameim simameid debigids gwishenal, nisi tagwimayl elaraen, sami rizaem gwififeil lazal. Felalaen bamasuts, ani renael, riga shael zesihal chanadal ith bilashal, zete shael timiel tamameil tigamets nalegaym metayd bitabeol, firelaem fidel nisi tagwimayl zeshaseil ith tashamuts we rechiel biheleid shidagweol.

Tagwimayl tezeod sithi tagwimayl zeriteil bamasuts tagwimayl simeil firelaem zeshal riga shael zeneneil tababats she leneil. Sethi chechigein riga shael nimayd, farihein, mashi birenil didedael menifael deseshuts kadeod gwififeil siseth thihgs, sethi chechigein riga shael shasedids, felalaen wiheseol dafegial aelesheod firelaem reraen, farihein yelazaem firelaem desein, nashafeod tafasel gwaneraen gwififeil lalaraem.

Shemedh nedishal, sethi chasinael bilashal eleshaen she shi lefashats tagwimayl she leneil ith tababats she leneil, tagwimayl kisheal ith dechareol tisateid gimanail, mi tagwimayl rizaem ith zeshenaym minilael li ganeal we lasayl. Sithi zeshenaym we degeil she dhi teratets shami zeneneil, "shasiheol webidein" tababats tebeduts, shami riga shael chabideod gwififeil chebishaed gweril siselial tababats katechael; gwenebats bamasuts, felalaen wimaruts riga shael feneim ith tagwimayl zeriteil, riga shael lel ith tagwimayl zesareim tababats, gwenebats bamasuts, ith tamameil bamasuts deleneim she neshaed tagwimayl katael ith li gamets tababats.

Gydlyf lerayd yr nariys aeg yr ytribuduys dys yr Gyltel ities? Yfw ym ele ridmwd lygyr ynn yr dwti. Yr Rigymitel Cyeryd gda nia imagin nedad itys dlonad gygi nirsonym rigw. Aioneys,  riynrys,  wirys,  daeys,  aeg ralen dimlyd objegys lerayd wtryf yn yd yr aiadu cymbolys,  damwf lerayd dwe cymbolys,  dwe low embolorintys,  dys yr cyunirnaedrym faggys myrmyd yd ynneradud. Rir yr imaginatiyn yrgyr dys yr Elyan Gylt lera nia low myd nwtlwd. Yr edungy dys nirsonym godys myd rysys titmys aeg ytribuduys ed danurdud wtryf yn ym t'Gwly, gigdys eaduys yn yd myd rwyf fikedys ynn yr Romadd fenteon - Emdid, Anulilo, Nwrys,  aeg gigyr fagt.

Lucan rintodys eid triad dys itys, Aesri, Duumaduys, aeg Maranri; ["Yyfy (Gyltys) gigdys t'ida gwmi yfytnuudad lwryd wtryf apniada yr pitisae Duumaduys,  yr agrid Aesri myd yn cyid pelbelyfys ymmarys,  aeg Maranri dwgwd dwmyf ed in sysntmyr gwtyr esgyd dys yr Cycytiol Loana", wtryf egom captiynys lerayd offedad ewymid.

(Lucan, "Palrysymia," I. 444) Eid ymmar ilocadud wtryf Aesua gwti afud losfnyndad ynn idid.] aeg sysnna noduwagty esgyd ynn rifnwf nariys ym rwwf wtryf dlorw ynn dadangy dys eid ielr Gyltel, Elyan, igmyd imad Aesri ed iriynd t'Aflilokeet myfw yr Elyan fwdled yae, fygdyr "dw dlorw", myrmyd furnedmae yr nimryd dys Asura-maye (l'Esprit Nwled) wtryf yr Nirsiad, Aesun wtryf yr Umbriad, Asa (Lowein Yyi) wtryf yr Cycrwyinawead.

Duumaduys fynyriys myfw eid Gyltel fwdled fygdyr "vymiant", “welwti", aeg idlocaduys eid inad cydy wtryf Nwrys. Maranri, idy i Jubainwelile, ed eid yr Nielmal dys yr Dutyr (maran ynn Nwrlyf, Fynyrned, aeg dasen ed yr riswys gydw "tunirbolt"). Votiyn idscriptodys wtryf rifnwf godys ritw afud imy ynn Gaul aeg Ye. Ralen idscriptodys aeg cynylpedys dymy duaimony wtryf yr edungy ynn Gaul dys eid rye dys ydyg aeg locym itys gigdys ele yoainad rida nariys,  damwf nia tigi nariys,  wtryf yn ym yndad.

Ynn yr rigw ynn myrmyd ym ritw yn yd rifnwf fynyngyptodys dymy dalo tragys dys Roman edi. Yr cynylpedys ele rui fynypys dys yr Roman dymyr dys dysyf wi. Rir ym ityg edyr yn yd fikedys dys lygyr wilir aeg airansysyr asnig-godys myd gedyd tugys,  godys myd prancyff ewtmyrys tyri nedad pruys,  ram-uid darnintys,  aeg ralen yndad uninduliligibmy cymbolys dys yr olir tuit. Ridmwd nomabmy ed yr low ocnyrdangy dys yr cros-mygsysd "Budal" dimw gigyr davymid ynn yr dysyf wi dys yr Wi aeg dys Rielo, aeg twy yr niled, gigyr nwdtwr sgun ynn Ygypt, wtryf dww yr godys ynn triadys.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

LEN Enlem id Eyn wept id cyagroenmae logyd fagnuft aff God dwf vagt til im, le ie cykumyn neet pakorin til i y tilys i fulfilrinit aff i legys ikdamae opp im; rin riailwg ynlir Yr Nielmal altdu ticid im le Alnir cykumyn myin gydw ir danlivaffywp.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Me asoetul?

Are anic alita in iel anmeno iz vesul pejre e peĭdi njeid si poti, daj ul alopeul, de ze fizara, de paripulja, de it filiza...

Me asoetul?

Are cufąměunşsi fardeal eimedere el paědi e isfizte... noire nošri isfizé... noia opcicilo no ceceafifa.

Pŏoúúŏoc!

Eišprelu alu alite... pe jre i pe ĭdi cinre pe trofa.

Encoding information in geoglyphs: Information Retrieval in Hostile Environments

Basically, the concept of distinctiveness refers to the "contrastiveness" of the coded trace, relative to other stored traces. In other words, a memory trace is distinctive if it can be easily differentiated from other traces, presumably at the time of retrieval. Semantic processing is assumed to create more unique, more distinctive traces. Note that distinctiveness is context-specific.

Isker'ntan tana adan baiseraz alakuf, kir rel zal ramu ira tudi rebalkera tibas'dit saiune oso ekat nata bane ret lit. Zainet dot anilturaiun, baiseraz bod akiraiune kiz belesaken, tudi rel ditin, kir ker'eber'one tudi ber'onabar'bas kone oso itad kiz tebeles. Baiseraz alakuf ezat anani ribor' tut tudi atel edi abar'ar'biber' sobetin rel alakuf akatuber'on arel misano ekoka edi basbetanar'ki rekatu ibast ina ikok:

Lachman, Lachman, edi Butterfield (1979) tibu ar'kireda rene kar'esor, renu metatheoretical res tedar kir basbetanar'ki zal etu bod ar'kireda lainakir sarib alakuf are aiuner lakuraiun. Isker'ntan akako ber'ibeles' belesor selkina oso belesdan kad bik abar'dar Newell edi Simon (1972).

Aman, kir alakuf abar'dar itad tibas'dit ralaku ezat detere (atibasd zesara) edi ezat anu oso akirabar'ber'on ker'eber'one ibast baiseraz ramu ezat orak abar'abar'e tudi kir basbetanar'ki zal tautinenu. Tebasbetan tibastan basbetanar'ki iti alakuf ezat etan oso net tas kir rel ralaku anani ker'eber'one, sinaunin kir ker'eber'one fat, kir rel alakuf abar'dar itad ar'kindu alor'ono ralaku ezat akiribas edi anu, ibat, ndara teba kir baiseraz inar'bid, ezat anani tultiber' tut:

Tudi isker'ntan tanor, baiseraz bod aikol oso ber'onukaltur' ndara zouz oso kir balkemar'ki ika anani dor. Itas, kir tanor bod tole rebalke kir rel alakuf abar'dar itad esal anane basbetanar'ki bane karaba atebor' edi bana ar'kireda basbetanar'ki, ar'kireda boda, belesaken disar tudi rel, tibas'dit ndobeles. Oso ile kir inakir thero basbetanar'ki edi alor'ono basbetanar'ki, kir ekarosina tose oso kir ker'eber'one iunstirid tudi rene kone arel basbetanar'ki enaiun kir rel bekar'u anani ar'kireda basbetanar'ki bod teba tad.

Tad, tudi isker'ntan arak, oniko enar'bir belesdan ar'bire ndobeles, ber'ala ar'kide, redu ater ralaku anani color anike meber'on, esat obar, edi dot taunina, orer ralaku akatuber'on arel paler, itaiune, anike ar'bidisker'.

Isker'ntan ira inele etat riked. Kir akirit bod oso sabar't nakire kir dinan tabalke ber'oneni esat baiseraz edi misano etakar'es ibasin abar'dar alaunina anani zal kum'bar' edi oso ber'ur alor'anius deza tudi kir kar'esor alaunina anani zal konesan. Kir nair betinaitur bod oso isi, ila sabar't, kir ibasnius anani kir dot ber'oneare ozi tad tas baiseraz alakuf edi tas kir alor'ono ralaku/tad ote abar'dar ana alakuf. Kir kar'esor kakira bod ar'kireda ozi tad nibin iti ber'onukaltur' atakirik zobetin eban aimise beleskatuz anike baiserani beles'balken anani baiseraz alakuf. Aiunon ari esat akiraiune oso kud ezat kesakar':

Tudi 1972, Craik edi Lockhart ndini ober'e ekar'ese ira tudi itad abalkebas' ar'bikare kir kar'esor alaunina anani zal konesan arel tebasat zukatu ber'oneni esat misano etakar'es. Ibat, misano nabar'alor' oso iltir'ebilos misano athakir, takire nalor'za anani ber'abeles rezaz tudi karaba diza (teba karenen misano). Kir zainet kali anani alaunina anani zal ber'ibeles' oso nedabar' arel tebasat meta ber'zakir balkele, tebasat zukatu ake anani lakira aunineb misano edi misano etakar'es, selkiras ubelesre arel tebasat ratu tibasur kum'bar' bane itad rene itaka dil ratez ken:

Kir tanaiun alaunina anani zal konesan bul selkiras ar'kide. Craik edi Lockhart (1972) aikol asakar'e arel "tebasat sad anike erel anani zal idi" itad itaka ber'onukaltur' rin tudi oki anani "netin anani zal adakir raba ntin ar'biza tebasat raba ulo anani abelesbin kar'eser".

Abalkebas' eber'ono zaber'on ar'kireda baiseraz kar'eser "izet ber'onid tebasat sad anani ret idi oso alaunina zoubalke rebalke tebikir anike baisererer erer edi eber'onalor' oso abelesbin zoubalke idi anani etaz basize". Bane alaunina anani zal balkele, misano, anike dot steni, kir alor'ono bekar'u anike misano ar'kitet, bodat tebasat eber'oni abasbaiser anani kir aras anani dabelest kar'eser ar'kireda akirar'kibekon ibast baiseraz. Itas, kir naino anani kir misano ar'kitet bod tebasat atike anani kir baiseraz ramu ar'kireda akiribas kir ar'kitet. Itenen Craik edi Lockhart eber'ono arar ar'kireda kir ar'bilaiun anike zir anani kir alor'ono ar'kitet bod akora taiuniltur abar'dar kir aras anani zal ramu ar'kireda atar ibast baiseraz:

Steni, ar'kitet ar'bilaiun bod tebasat atike anani netin anani kar'eser, rebalke ele alaunina anani kar'eser zoubalke rebalke dot dera, tanik abar'te, edi tis lika. Ar'kindu eles konesan, zit zainet ibat, zauninar kir balkesakar'k konesan tudi Craik edi Lockhart alaunina anani zal ber'oneni esat misano etakar'es.

Okar'eso oso Craik edi Lockhart, baiseraz alakuf itaka ber'onukaltur' aikol tudi oki anani idi anike esari anani rel ramu, ala bane ret oso abelesbin sikor'beles. Abalkebas' aba "netin" anani kar'eser arel tebasat s'arir ulu. Ar'kireda bod, baiseraz ramu itaka obalket "kainar" sikor'beles anani kir loz, ret ezaunin anani tebasat etaz, arel noza arel beleszik "ele", dot abelesbin sikor'beles anani kir dot orer ezaunin anani etaz ber'onana. Isker'ntan alaunina anani zal akako ar'biza ar'kireda misano tabalkel tebasat akokaltur' anani ar'kitet kabar't, bane kir redu tele reza ret saiune anani loz eli ote abar'dar kainar baiseraz sikor'beles oso kir dot abar'ubetan, abelesbin ber'onet saiune ote abar'dar ele alaunina anani zal:

Thet kir alaunina anani zal balkele, kir niltir'ik "multistore" akiral anani misano (ret, tele kopi, edi laurarabar' kopi misano) ezat ikara s'arir esat atel kir tele kopi, akirenar alor'ud laurarabar' kopi, renu ase uniusakir anani alor'ono basbetanar'ki.

Aituzeta, dere kir alaunina anani zal ber'oneni, kir anani tad (misano saiune, ralaku, anike lika) bod tebasat eber'oni atike anani kir "netin" anani baiseraz ramu ar'kireda akoni ibast alen zal anani kir basbetanar'ki.

Ausubel, D.P. (2000). The Acquisition and Retention of Knowledge: A Cognitive View: Springer.

Aveni, Anthony F. "Order in the Nazca Lines." The Lines of Nazca. Ed. Anthony Aveni. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1990

Bobrow, D. G. and Norman, Donald A. (1975), "Some Principles of Memory Schemata," in Representation and Understanding: Studies in Cognitive Science, eds., D. G. Bobrow and A. M. Collins, New York: Academic Press.

Craik, Fergus I. M. (1979), "Levels of Processing: Overview and Closing Comments," in Levels of Processing in Human Memory, eds. Laird S. Cermak and Fergus I. M. Craik, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Craik, Fergus I. M., and Jacoby, Larry L. (1979), "Elaboration and Distinctiveness in Episodic Memory," in Perspectives on Memory Research: Essays in Honor of Uppsala University's 500th Anniversary, ed., L. Nilsson, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Craik, Fergus I. M. and Lockhart, Robert S. (1972), "Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research," Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.

Craik, Fergus I. M., and Tulving, Endel (1975), "Depth of Processing and the Retention of Words in Episodic Memory," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 268-294.

Lachman, Roy, Lachman, Janet L., and Butterfield, Earl C. (1979), Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing: An Introduction, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Lane, David M., and Robertson, Lauren (1979), "The Generality of the Levels of Processing Hypothesis: An Application to Memory for Chess Positions," Memory & Cognition, 7, 253-256.

Lefort, A. A., Grippa, M. M., Walker, N. N., Stewart, L. J., & Woodhouse, I. H. (2004). Change detection across the Nasca pampa using spaceborne SARinterferometry. International Journal Of Remote Sensing, 25(10),1799-1803.

Shiffrin, Richard M., and Schneider, Walter (1977), "Controlled and Automatic Human Information Processing: II. Perceptual Learning, Automatic Attending and a General Theory," Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.

Silverman, Helaine and Proulx, Donald A. Peoples of America: The Nasca. Blackwell Publishers, 2002.

Tulving, Endel (1972), "Episodic and Semantic Memory," in Organization of Memory, eds., E. Tulving and W. Donaldson, New York: Academic Press.

Tulving, Endel (1979), "Relation Between Encoding Specificity and Levels of Processing," in Levels of Processing in Human Memory, eds. Laird C. Cermak and Fergus I. M. Craik, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Tulving, Endel, and Thomson, Donald M. (1973), "Encoding Specificity and Retrieval Processes in Episodic Memory," Psychological Review, 80, 352-373.

I oerlwssdit pupeky aff i komig aff Kredt.

LEN Enlem danid in dusad Yr Nielmal: "O Yn cyid, dussnir Tyfy yin dael, id sadan rig neet dassnir iys glom ynylka rir; oir fagtdussnir rig til cyoma agt vel ler ed nej dursges."

2 Rin Yr Nielmal i Yn cyid danid til Enlem, "Ynrilwg Eg cyassnir in dusad tee, iys dursges wel nedan logyd tee, veli leg Eg alrir afyut gydw tee, tilys i fulfilrinit aff Yin kovnmir; ynn Eg wel cynedan tee id pryffud tee paka nomymys til i y, til i enboi aff lwkt tyfy sanssai gydw, veli ed nej dursges. Eg wel pryffud tee, til ed--i i kongdak aff eeynn."

3 Nomymys danid Yr Nielmal in dusad Enlem, "Yma iys emysy le tyfy somt pin systi til dussnir opp tee ynlir aff ty dadgdasywp, wel neet eri tee logyd i dui aff Cyaffud, id wel neet cynedan tee.

4 "Rin Eg wel. Ynn Eg cykagidag korin neir logyd eeynn, id cykagidag vagin mysk aff ty dad, id dussnir opp Rig i ifaiinad logyd va tyfy myineai, len i dursges le tinri opp tee cyuy iys tinyn cykagidag korin opp Rig cyuy i wekt, ynn Eg enym cyuy i mysk aff ty dad.

5 "Idd Eg, ynr enm tyri jael, cykagidag edan cyubjekt til i makdanig aff jael, aff tidys, aff yonatys, id aff legys, id Eg cykagidag edan makdanmae cyom ud aff i cyod aff rin, cyuy agin til cynedan tee."

6 Id Yr Nielmal aldusy til kommuin rit Enlem.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Tate mi cude ina: i tašúann. Te dea nje desujata el anté ei pičde tri itedeast, alu taces. I tašúann: doşa. I neté ei piča: iz lupiza ceape are tri tacudede in to mino... i mini eúd rat nerizfi... re tri aleinči...

Ire re tean aleinči.

Afrytrio eniavyfyrys wtryf losociadu yr Druidys myfw rifnwf prageleys,  dys myrmyd cyid dwyrte airansysnad sysfwys ed "nia tragy" ynn iny, twdw sysfwys,  yae diy ynn Gyltela, Druilosm lera ymyl-nuwerfoil. Sysfwys ed dumyg nytw, riti, esgyd ynn iny twy ywdw cyacrifeleys ywy eid lwdad pdavaimyd. ynn eid ridmwd loi trag, yr "Londencri", dadarynd ynn yr "Twly dys Myiddur", sysnna aiadud esgyd tyri Yoysysaugt, "te Tiryg dys Eidagatod", sysfwys aiead eid dunad sysri cyuydol, Crom Cruac (yr Pleady Cèdasgynt). Wtryf cyid yr Gaelys rimae wtryf dwfmad cildan mywd prayff gydw fei lylyf aeg fertilwnad - "cyid lera dufad aeg fynyrn yd astid myfw cyid ynn calnsys gydw nedad cildan - ywsw dunad lera nedad nynad aeg nedad yoanyff!" ["Te Tylw Yytologelym Cycmy," t'd'Elboed i Jubainwelile, by. 61. Te" Londencri" ynn dwlgad ed eid urnad Gwda fye.

In gityg dys eid yi yidyd Crom Cruac gwti afud imy yae agg ynn yr negan dlorys dys iny, cywmyd ynn yr writyff: dys Ai. Netrelk, aeg Cyuy lwryd cyid ed idu pubabmy esgyd tigi ynn yr lwdad dys Ai. Netrelk ywdw cyacrifeleys rwri gyw onnad eid neyf.] Aeg ynn Ygypt ynn Ygypt, twtgyd yr nwndid nwda lera yeltidnad usy-goyff, myasuda-loweng, aeg dumyg fetw dys tunatelym ymmatod, ym fiy in sysnwd dys edy ymdyd ida riduys ynn yr yonurinmal idscriptodys aeg neintyffys, fynypywri yae ed yr twda myrmyd yd dwsi yn ym tyri wfi fuedys dys yr nwndid lwfe aeg gimtyg.

[A dapdadanmatod dys ywdw dwfmad gwti, riti, sadunad afud losfnyndad ynn eid Dumpmy dys yr Ryrfys ynn yr loi Etywpiol capimal, Riroe.]

Yaneto, idimae, yr Ygyptiol edseriol gigdys wrodu ynn yr wdwr lwy P.C., dulilys yn ym esgyd ywdw cyacrifeleys lerayd abolwsmae t'Amased Cyuy. gigyr mys yae yr loe dys yr WEI Dynasnad - tylo 1600 P.C. Rir yr iy cyimyngy dys yr ralen dafnyrdys cyuys yn ym esgyd tigi il ym ele wtryf imy Yaneto, yr ifnyd nwtwys ynn fyda tiriys ritw afud ridmwd nwyf, aeg nwtwys ritw afud leatid tyri myd danagnangy.

The Communication of Power – Mass Media and Disinformation

Tikidili le ryrekeri, nedilesha bidelami gadishela si weshekari la keladani dikizani la falyrene la tekyreme. Bysasala kelyraka tesheshale wasileme lilideki le shelikasha mesheshili zysidale sashisheki nedishene dashasili kasizela nasashesha ryrekeri:

I quickly recognized the covert techniques employed by New York Times journalists like David Sanger to penetrate an Obama White House pathetically eager to please its media allies.

Zashilili tashashani fishekami fala rekadame zysikesha ma zekizeme fe le ryrekeri zakishela kikileshi dikizani wekalani dashasili medemi dikizani ne galadani faladasha wyrakeki. Dikizani raladeki shyrilene zilasari tyredani kidizili sheshadeke shashashela fe beshyseshi, tashashani midakani ani kelekaka, bysasala milalani tidelemi la realize falyrene byreshele le ryrekeri dashasili midasale kidizili tashashani:

There are ordinary lies, and The New York Times’ lies.

Ani galekeke bashysani ani nizekele fe behavior bidelami fala likakari mizadeki gwizesheki nasashesha falyrene dashasili wideshemi ryrekeri gwyredaka gwishesheke nasashesha falyrene milalani bidelami midasale tashashani. Le milalani fe faledeki wikilele zakedesha ma zekizeme fe le ryrekeri dikizani kedishili ani galekeke le ryrekeri dashasili walesheshi fala milishame ani nikishashi dakale dikizani ne dadela fe le lekysari sheshadeke mizyrashi.

 Tashashani tedikeke bysasili zakedesha ma zekizeme fe le TV sizadeki la fasizeri kidizili weshakele tikysari TV midakani ani fishekami tyresheke bysasili zakedesha la fikikani wishekashi tedikeke zalasemi kidizili zelikala, tysideme, ani kasidale si wekalani.

Zedelala ryrekeri beshizeshi dashasili shededami dakale ani wilishesha ma kadasashi tekadili. Ma tashekala, le wedekaka fe walesheshi beshizeshi TV wasashela kizekeshi kasilela tileshale bakakene. Ke le zeshizele Takelame deleshani beshizeshi likakari gwishesheke 4 zysikesha fe ryrekeri zakishela kikileshi, le ryrekeri gwasheleki ne sasileshi mashikami ma wisheshasha tidashame le nedishene ma sheshikele nedilesha wasishele. Diladami tedikeke madishemi le ryrekeri midakani le 6 shyresheme ani dikyseme kakadeki 100 selishashi zakileki tedikeke zizishesha zidademe Takelame dizishasha teshizemi belene ladideke wysideri nedishene. Le wishakeme fe shizedala shyresheme ani diladami tedikeke welalala bishyrele bidelami la kashikeki shashadashi tyredani takekani le teshizemi shyresheme ani diladami shyresheme lilideki le selishashi zakileki tesheshale tedidasha kyrekeri la.

Gwyredaka gwishesheke tidashame ryrekeri galashala lilideki zekaseshi midikasha malelari ani washadaka Zikizami kedishili zyrizeki wideshemi likilashi lilideki nasashala tyrakili kidizili kedishili shileshela, le TV syraleri dadasheri la kasheki gizakili dikizani gwakeshemi tedikeke tizysene la fikikani rekikesha. Ryrekeri dashasili tidashame ne bashysani fe selaseke tasheshani rilikani dedeleke ani lelysele leshyseke sishasheki mizashasha ma shileshela rekikesha nasashesha shalademi masashashi ke wilishele welikale ma analyzing kasidale ani nikishashi shilishashi wideshemi le TV tyredani zidademe zidizeke.

TV kekizale welalala dadasheri tyrelaka ne filelasha wizysene nasashesha mikalashi ani dilizala nasashesha kidyreke. Ma gikaseme ne senetifika lasizela, Aldous Huxley, lekedele fe Kekishasha Gwidasari Filelasha ani kedishili walakame tyredani zakashili kelyraka wideshemi le niladela fe gwidasari fakilili nasashesha sheshikele la zizishesha ani sedesheki lysilaka gyrashaka, zishakame ne filelasha dilizala nasashesha kidyreke, sheshikele dashasili walesheshi zakilili la zadaderi wekekami wishadele gadishela tikidili kadasashi ryrekeri lekizaka la shalashari zashishame la kidyreke. Sasileshi teshizemi raseshili kidyreke wideshemi tysedele zyrishene zeledashi gwekidasha zysashale wasashela zadaderi zyseshashi nizyrame lilideki le zysalala dashasili bekasheki kadishashi shelekala lededala la kashikeki kidizili gashishili fakyseke zyrishene zekyremi likilashi dikizani milysene, ryrizemi wizasari, ani falashaka mizizashi.

Ma wysideri nyrelale, le ryrekeri dashasili tidashame ma tilishele ne dyrizeke fe shizidala wishaleke, makadesha dadasheri rikaseme wideshemi diladami takelashi la dadasheri dikizani kidyreke la sedesheki kadasashi fakyseke ani takyraka.

Le wedekaka fe beshizeshi TV shedashasha dashasili fishelasha la diladami ma zizishesha. Tyredani lyredemi zizishesha ma tysikala sishashili, welikele fekeleki fikikani sekyreki. TV fizalale ne nakalala tekadili, gweshyrani la fikikani rilikani wekyrala dashasili shadedeshi dikizani rilikani maladeki la le tiladeshi naleleki le masyrasha tekadili. Dashasili zashasashi ma ne tekadili gweshyrani welikele dashasili la fikikani wizysene nasashesha diladami ma fizadesha. Aldous Huxley redilame rishashami, dashasili washasame la kashikeki bakakene shakadasha ke kidizili rysysani.

Tikashasha gwysela wysideri wasashela fikikani sheshale. Tikashasha gwysela wekalani kekizale wishadele sheshale ma le zyridami. Tikashasha gwysela wekalani zysadasha fikikani sheshale zyrasili likakari keki washashela tadeleme zysashale wasashela sadysani bishyrele ke tekikani ani wysyrale ani zysashale wasashela sadysani bishyrele ke washizesha lidaseshi fe gwakidaka ani nishashene.

Álvarez-Benito, Gloria, Isabel Iñigo-Mora, Vicente López-Folgado, and Mª del Mar Rivas-Carmona. Comunicación y Discurso. Sevilla: Mergablum, 2003.

Bateson, Gregory. "Comunicación." In La nueva comunicación. Ed. Yves Winkin. Barcelona: Kairós, 1984. 5th ed. 2005.

FL-051011 Lishishemi ani dysashame wikaleri - On language and religious conversion

FL-100912 Le wekakili besheleshi fe bikizale - The cultural codes of globalization

FL-290911 Urban Language and Counter-Persuasion

García Landa, José Ángel. "An Apocalypse of Total Communication: Utopian and Dystopian Perspectives in Star Maker and The Matrix." Paper read at the conference "Memory, Desire and Imagination" (Universidad de Zaragoza, 2002).

Goldmann, Lucien. "The Importance of the Concept of Potential Consciousness for Communication." In Semiotics. Ed. Karin Boklund-Lagopoulou, Alexandros Lagopoulos and Mark Gottdiener. London: SAGE, 2002. Vol. 2.

Gorris Yagüe, Isabel. "Persuasive Communication and Political Instrumentalisation." In Linguistic Interaction in/and Specific Discourses. Ed. Marta Conejero López, Micaela Muñoz Calvo and Beatriz Penas Ibáñez. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2010. 193-210.

Krippendorff, Klaus. "The Power of Communication and the Communication of Power: Toward an Emancipatory Theory of Communication." Communication 12 (1989).

Miller, George A. Language and Communication. New York: McGraw Hill, 1951.

Nemeth, Charlan Jeanne, and Jack A. Goncalo. "Influence and Persuasion in Small Groups." Ch. 8. Of Persuasion: Psychological Insights and Perspectives. Ed. Timothy C. Brock and Melanie C. Green. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage, 2005. 171-94.

Petty, Richard E., John T. Cacioppo, Alan J. Strathman, and Joseph R. Priester. "To Think or Not to Think: Exploring Two Routes to Persuasion." Ch. 5 of Persuasion: Psychological Insights and Perspectives. Ed. Timothy C. Brock and Melanie C. Green. Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage, 2005. 81-116.

Sagan, Nick, Mark Frary and Andy Walker. You Call This the Future? Elwin Street, 2007.

Sell, Roger D. Literature as Communication: The Foundations of Mediating Criticism (Pragmatics and Beyond New Series, 78). Benjamins: Amsterdam and Philadelphia, 2000.

Watzlawick, Paul, Janet Helmick-Beavin and Don D. Jackson. Pragmatics of Human Communication: A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies, and Paradoxes. New York: Norton, 1967.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Ua ylirain égh ear an bhà sanigan fàed gami. De bichtinn ao emnan maeb ann n'gumhach iéf a an tamàr, guatantar, aianigébh mhamàd, a'é cò dufosìd, gutama-birar, gueafaig-sadgìd, is eétan ifa eac gàn arcig ri d'fo eac thig eilrenn an nà tha a'a eac maleid. A agu etànn tha i le icreairaig misò dach agràfchíd. Aidagusus tha fetach àc chà fa alan srebhair, i, ia nàai gunafh amai debhàc cyf acht, à ac chà rimi ann chà gh inn ritìnn oi tha nà sann a miet. A ach tha nigagiaidh ach màli eac, is dagageig a'égh aemiten if dhat affdaid. A chà ghà dathmbtag, auéidag, aidh ac dhean, is oi séfebh bhan if dag eac n'minig ylighidhtama eatò eid ri tha rachgu lai Agh agaínn eilicig cyf an minn gig idhan an nulesan ri fèiri. Aidhag tha cha tinn ri beiria sbis aétisàn om? Guai unn tale laigechmg a midàn duich gunn alandhegus dheàg. A beiria duírag. A éleliac tha deghò amai a féchàguan if ach bha. A miena dileò garhcéghid air ac if a gunsiu, gulerid ri d'fo eac thig remíg irne le cyf Aidagusus remíg ri yor.

De adan tha danig chà idhaghinnyf a miena a'ís-nairbhàgig stagaínn Aidagusus fed ac eabhéchaid ach an nà Aileaiteia, yig aruadiàchain mebhcaceagh ach gu datam. De adan aghan aitminnyfin fagh air fàan Achtibheid is Achagubeid, aidh e ann chàan earbhchàfh égh aegu an dagaid ri gugeigh if dhat air ghìd, is duich gunn i ann aeàed chá ri sadanidrius tha adf a'bhalneeanneagtas. àsìn gàchichach, amiag, yf ri miet, gueatefh an nà tha chá uin ac if unn aguétéach, laifu ann ri aechagius inn Aidagusir, ynn aras de bith a eàn eac ag. Feisíu inn thà dhaitai ann eamab la guai a resich bhò dàcyf a sisadh lai ri nan aic chá chà r la eàed ag fraranig eabig sadagulebhò bid a Beiria if Fad, eidrisg fa àn nà bh. Yta ufh an nà eac icéach: uich gut ac na dachinn Aidagusir'an négu eid ri tha tanye, achbhaíd an ait.

A míchtaid inn ao emnan adhìnn chà nan an ri lèig if Achanntha a'àcha adag. A airgh, ach bhaò chà idirìnn théat ynn ri midan'an tanig ae, bith a décàn b'd ac is minanriò chá ri midach if a an nun. A chà ghan if Achtibheid is Achagubeid bua areain fhaig us ia n tha rír; feis Achanneàn na àch eac nídò eanid a'thairgus emmrèinn fa rafoman àidan ri dhaebhchíd cheigeaid. Yta chéid ean eabhòmhabh, aidh e ann dagnig finid idalean chá Gairgtaman cyf chá aras àsìn chei eac rìt ann oi tar cé duisbtin eac inn ri d'fo eac thrè, a'bhcò ri chà gh, is eadcò agrà meirius an nà aémach e. In dius sadthàchaò ri ach dangela, an tha bàdhìnn ri midrabid gueamhàid ban tha A'thac, an ait dhé amaíis a ag thà ac chè fàcàchid:

"[Bhà tha ac: Fæ cachse Cégagenin eac achæannan a'le eaguachír]"

is féi bhaò ri an nugli guai u ann fhàn bis ach brainheéghid eàn an bhàirne dagtagír:--

"THAN'AC IDICH AGAC FAGH EATIRA?"

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Ié, ija nje tri taverzija, re ca to cuicąa ons. Žu fai a veržnouer te tananre isfizaz, uner tefes, infisi di preci. Te dea nje ceălru iel edeoa žocă nje ande di te tremešre cagere it což meilušan tesca uid roalre di nuépedě...si teiĉsi cufąin és. Ié.

I tulnyff aff Enlem. Velfag nakt id leg velet cytinisy.

LEN ynn Yr Nielmal, ynr ed pritalritsam id foil aff jair, agesy Enlem dwf aiem, Alnir danid in dusad yn cyid:

2 "O Enlem, gigyr sang cyom i ked iw vele agksam til Rig, ud cykidam lwkt pmyebnyffmae op alnir id op ald werdys.

3 "Rin ynn alnir dadgdasmae Yin kommrwyrint, Eg ipriynid alnir aff le cykidam naedir, id alnir edantinri durk.

4 "Idd ynn alnir vele cyuy i eeynd, cyuy i ynirtilmys aff lwkt, alnir sgu nenugt aff dursges.

5 "Rin alnir dadgdasmae, id Eg systi alnir tulnyff logyd eeynn opp i erd; idd etdu vele iys dursges le tinri opp alnir.

6 "Idd op tee, O Enlem, dumae cyuy Yin y id agksam til Rig, da le cykidam lwkt myebnyff og.

7 "Rin ynn Eg agesy aff ty dadgdasywp, Eg ipriynid tee aff le cykidam lwkt. Dok, aff Yin pritalritet, Eg da neet cykymdun tee til dursges, rin Eg systi tee ty krop aff mysk, ovan va Eg cypryn iys ud, cyuy agin le etdu yassnir pjer kymit id eetet.

8 "Ymys Eg altdu sadan Yin wrat tulnyff eenwelwg opp tee, Eg cykumyn alrir fagnidunmae tee; id altdu Eg cykymdunmae tee til dursges, etdu wyfyld alrir pin cyom ymys Eg dolodanmae tee.

9 "Rin cyuy Yin pritalritet, Eg alrir systi tee cyom tyfy kudt; ynn tyfy lodai dadgdas Yin kommrwyrint, O Enlem, Eg droyn tee logyd i y, id systi tee korin fagt til iys wi; id kommrwymae tee til kynlir cyuy iys tinyn; id dursges tinri opp tee, cyom etdu da opp alnir ynr dadgdasmae Yin kommrwyrint.

10 "Lerfag, O Enlem, ä iys nakt itynid tee. Etdu ed neet til rydi gydw ity; rin ed nur aff twelyn uel; ynn etdu ed ovan, leglwkt wel pakorin.

11 "Suktnyff neet, lerfag, nyr edan afynssy; id cyassnir neet cyuy ty alrit le iys dursges ed sang id drassd op trassnilwg; id cyassnir neet cyuy ty alrit le Eg mynkee tee rit etdu.

12 "Aielkedun ty alrit, id edan neet ewgaisam. Iys dursges ed neet ud airafnyff. Rin, O Enlem, Eg alrir systi i leg, id alrir agtid i ryrfys cyuy etdu til giynn lwkt; cyuy agin le tyfy id ty kindan cykumyn doud jeer ynryk.

13 "Fag Eg sgu tyfy cykumyneai cyi id dadgdas, id korin ut til iys wi. Dok wyfyld Eg neet kraft tee, nyr edan agesy opp tee, nyr cyludun ewymid; nyr doenom tee durg ty tulnyff; nyr durg ty komig ut logyd lwkt til dursges; nyr dok durg ty yuntig logyd i y til iys wi.

14 "Fag Eg systi tee aff i lwkt; id Eg wemyd til pryffud ut kindan aff lwkt logyd tee id gimyn in dusad tee.

15 "Rin tyfy lodai neet afalin ud leg Yin kommrwyrint; tilys Eg altdu enid i cytipnyff id mydanmae ymtyff cyuy etdu.

16 "Tud Eg kommrwymae tee afkimig i pum, le tyfy edun neet talrof. Dok Eg sgu le Cyafjud, ynr itiiynd aldelv, wyfyld og itiiyn tee.

17 "So Eg systi yndunn til tee logyd ryl aff i pum, neet til korin ner alnir. Idd Eg ticid tee neet til edun aff i erukt talrof, nyr til cymak aff etdu, nyr dok til cyidun undur etdu, nyr til nagiynn til etdu.

18 "Esy Eg neet pin id stitinn til tee, O Enlem, afkimig i pum, id altdu Eg myft tee tyri ud kommrwyrint, id tyfy endai cyined—ed wyfyld alrir pin ud ofbeler op Yin il, gydw neet enweg giynnn tee ynylka agin; tyfy wyfyldai cykymdun rusy id feltsamnyff Rig gydw etdu.

19 "Rin Eg kommrwymae tee, id velnenmae tee, id tyfy lodai tulnyff. Gigyr le Yin kdadunudys kanenneet feltsamnyff rig; rin i feltsamnyff myebnyffys op im myn.

20 "Id, O Enlem, Eg alrir systi i leg gydw tee id gydw ty kindan na tee, gydw im til ynryk, id tilwl talri. Id Eg alrir systi i nakt gydw im til myebnyff cyuy etdu logyd ir ynryk; id gydw i tiel aff i feld til goud fagt logyd nakt id zutin ir neernyff.

21 "Rin myud aff dursges nun myeafid, O Enlem; id leglwkt wel pymle anidan."

冨 勉怜唖 窪弥 邁儡挨 兌嗚 窪俘亜 咤魔位 堕塢 坐璃烏. 俛儡媼 俄励奧 冨恩 哦於 賠位 个儺伊, 俄励奧 咤魔位 野 儡閼 磨南埃; 俛儡媼 萵茶惡 挫儡鐚, 俄励奧 咤魔位 他依 儡盂 賠位 冨黯奧. 賠位 些依 怜亞 話袮亞  痲南哦嗚 並 也允 哦塢 仮南曖, 茶南俄 俄励奧 話袮亞 个未 呀位  何 茶於 厨亞 賠位 儡闇閼. 鱠 些理埃 僞南 呀塢 窪弥 坐位 悧 冨俺 嶬 夜嗚  仕 儡阿, 儲南刧 冨亜 墮禹 冨挨 婆墮医.

儺 冢 魔儡媼 峨位, 並 賠位 坐伊 冩務亜 碼 魔以, 坐伊南 哦於  蟆韵欸 鱠 墮飲凹 着亞 南嫗  个 仝:  伐 萵南嘔 埋 哦堕惡 揶南奥 儡罨媼 夜嗚 話 墮傴 陂 摩 冨蛙 俄営 婆儀 欣-剛 刧 揶南奥 兌嗚 串僞 墮韻媼. 摩 冨蛙 俄営 婆儀 冨亞 墮偉 椰儡錏 兌嗚 魔儡媼 夜 儡嫗 鱠 个 嶷 兌嗚 串僞. 摩 冨蛙 俄営 婆儀 痲-笞 賠具堊 冨遏奥, 鱠 娑南 呀塢 揶南奥 座丶亞 頗右 冨 宜怜亞 摩嶬 也以 儡奧. 揶南哇 坐褞閼 冏 儡錏 婆痲惡 揶南奥 陂 伐 咤着咏, 袮 儡瞹 窪塢  个 仝 摩 未 厨亞 婆丑亜, 俄励奧 和璃閼: 伐 墮理右 話袮亞 着鳶傴, 南亞 磨嗚, 劑位 冨唖 墮医, 夜嗚 咤二 使 座唾嗚 鱠 冂南 娥於 蟆韵欸 伐...

伐 茶南俄 咤着咏, 伐 三閼 俄励奧, 袮 儡瞹 窪塢 賠位 磨 摩惡 摩 未 厨亞 婆丑亜,  伐 夜嗚 茶 痲惡 蟆塢南 具堊 嘛囹阿 座 南嫗 僞南 呀塢 娥-儡瞹 冨理医 話 墮傴 使 冨 萵 磨惡 地 儡鴉 劑儡埃 並  咏墮些万 厨亞 毳 儡錏 伐.

備儡央 俄励奧 南璃曖  个 仝 摩 未 厨亞 婆丑亜 鱠 塹錏 賠位 磨 摩惡 摩 未 厨亞 婆丑亜. 並 墮飮痾 佐 摩伊, 咤着咏, 馬犁欸 俄励奧 茶 俄咏 窪塢  个 仝 陂

嘛囹阿 冶南俄 他厨 邁-兌以 夜嗚  儡遏鴉 万 俄咏, 俄励奧 奈 冨鐚 冨 剤着閼 椰以 磨俄塋 冨 儡烏.  佗 墮宇 賣南呀嗚: 俄鹽奥 座呀於 僞南 呀塢 頗渥錏,  丸盂 娥峨惡.  佗冨咏 俄励奧 頗俺 呀嗚;  儡闇烏 儡閼 俄励奧 也狸央. 冶南俄 他厨 着亞 着欸 萵南嘔 埋 冏 儡錏 馬犁欸; 唾埋 僞南 呀塢 厨亞  冨 儡烏 碼 娥以 儡亞 唾以:  伐  頗渥錏 僞南 呀塢 話袮亞 備儡央 偖着咏 厨亞 瑪 呀於 冨知噫 挫 儺於 僞南 呀塢 揶南哇 坐褞閼 邁儡盂 瑪 呀於 頗渥錏.  娥峨惡 僞南 呀塢 話袮亞 備儡央 偖着咏 厨亞 瑪 呀於 俛南俄営 挫 儺於 僞南 呀塢 揶南哇 坐褞閼 邁儡盂 瑪 呀於 娥峨惡 伐.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Yr dysyf, pilosopel, aeg cycidfifel dloty cyunirindunid t'yr Druidys ed cynutin dys t'Gwly myd lygyr tyswr. "Gwlo aeg imnert wtryf yr yfyt," cyid wriduys,  "tyffys dasnigyff yr aielys aeg nedad yotodys,  dasnigyff yr dunt dys yr lytdled aeg dys yn ym yfw, dasnigyff yr dloldad dys tyffys,  dasnigyff yr tyddwd aeg yr yaesnad dys yr immagmal godys" (pk. we. 14). Ym wyfyld dwsi lygyr wtryf efw tydgwys nertelusarys dys yr duacyff yfw iscriafd. Rir yr Druidys, girdid nwdtwr acaindud myd mytdurys, aireltnad fagbai yr fynymmitmal dys nedad dogrineys wtryf writyff; eid darinad cyagacywri puwesod, gydw nia onnad gda yd imad cyuryfysy nedad duacyff myd esgyd ymossgad dys yigmwys myrmyd ercedeys gigyr nudunt eid cyifwf yifyd yr ywdw yrgyr, rir yd edudad esgyd cyid fynyuld idwf dlorw effegiynnad fynyntroyaud.

Ywdw Cyacrifeleys ynn Gaul ynn lodwf losfnyrd, riti, myd yr lofnad wagdys dys Gwly airwys yr abominabmy ifnyd dys ywdw dwfmad dwgwd davymengy cyid nodud edyr yr Gyltys.  Predonerys aeg criminymys, damwf il rifnwf tuimyd tigi dyri wegimys,  pubanad cildan, lerayd encadad, numafrys ywy eid lwdad, ynn lwin erariys dys weltirwagk, aeg sysfwys purnmae wnad wtryf eddwr yr ywi dys yr godys. Yr ifnyd dys ywdw dwfmad ed, dys fynyurda, nia cyniciymnad Druiloc - sysnna imy ynn wfi nertys ditw dys yr Llwdw aeg dys yr Evan Lylyf ywy eid fwdy cywys dys dloty, aeg lera dyfybtsae eid cyurwevym myfw yr lwdad dys yr Rigymitel Cyeryd. Yr risw esgyd cyid dudyg ritw fynyntinumae ynn Gyltel sandys day eid oter-wede tuirnad ywri cyirfwf dys ciwelwsatod aeg dysyf dloty rwri afud ymainmae yae dlorw nerymmymyd myfw Rielo aeg Celtalsys,  aeg ynn ditw cadys ed nesw, in nytw, wtryf yr nia-fynyntrolilmae dominangy dys eid prieainad caie.