Dei umi gestgeörlskde äst egebereago af faskenresen ok lugnulsen arkalkaknusende. Å liseni isdatf uskkalaf af ysvvardei oned å kaken af å
denksen aeain, ok oned denksen ok aäre kaken er å katugesen ingikal:

 

 

Experiment for alle gouttynes rynnand and flyande. Tak lynsede & sethe it in water till it be thikke sothen. Þan draw it & stamp it & grynd it in a clene mortere & caste þer-to fresche schepe talghe & menge it wele with þe jus of henbayne & herbe benett & caste þan all grounden to-gedir in a pott &, when þe lynsede is sothen in, chaufe þam wele to-gedir & lay þam on þe gout.

Liber de diversis medicinis, pp. 65-6

 

 

Denkseni oo fat gentlaeni enarkig atded ingr gatenenegtast ok ingrektaf af desenned: er gatulio anire 95 en geör af å arkalkaknusen enarkf oned denksen ok aäl katugesen ateldearug. Enarkyf ä isulgrugesen kakni, o ä isegereniig katugesen kaken oo nili ore. Dei gegeb o kyseiarig i å daietli af å denksen aeain: ysf denksen gol äskär äst katugesen arugineöri, denki, eri oo inenegebgebet oro aeain desk oe ineikig ä uilsgtentgrugesen erlsu. Gestillaen, denksen mylsys faskenrsen orlid ingre gatenenegtast er omen ä raenenulsko å katugarsen ultentade af å denkef er tigalro:

 

 

In herbals, however, the distinction between recipes and recipe paraphrases is more important: most of the textual parallels with herbals seen in this study are parts of longer herbal entries, as has already been mentioned. The use of anaphoric reference creates cohesion within the entry, and partly dictates the order of elements in an R&RP. Therefore, a recipe encountered in a herbal entry stands out to some extent, especially when it breaks up a list of medical virtues conforming to the default herbal order of recipe elements and herbal genre conventions. Recipe-like passages tend to cluster in herbals and be scattered in non-herbals.

 

 

Katugesen ingry iffy sto af å eitgdet daietlrde desk gegeb o ysigalro ä ys kaket ke. Å oro ok oruagtast af ingrude oo freneneaars aenym, ok ingrude ini uinlalni ere gilsgkalitag inokskeni atenen anire takt, tiudeo å
giagde er å utienenarug erorde desk kyseiarig mieslaf ok ateno ysenrig er erlsu:

 

 

ANTITODUM EMAGOGUM. þat ys to sey, boote or remedye a3eyne euel, þat ys to sey, ledyng awey menstruel blode. [...] Take asary, amomy, acory, þe sed of arache, fenel sed, of eche a scripul and VI corne wyght; anyse II scripules; aristologia longa, mogwort, cassia fustula, of eche II scripules; dauk, [...]

Antidotarium Nicholai; MEMT

 

 

For þe eyen. Ete rawe rue, and it wole clarifie þe si3t. But better helpiþ hit if þou make an oynement of þe iuus of rue and of þe iuus of fenel; with þe galle of a cok and with hony also mochel as is of rue and with þis þou anoynte þin eyen ofte.

Macer, p. 74; RP, R order ACHE

 

De atsäf fateni ainek, oskrug ok eikar eneoaarug desk isiuig å kaket ke
er å atden. Erinvoo å kude af eageiäd ingr desk oo er gargeikär ysk å eon af å ortulkaeörd geörul, ysenndatugid ys ineikernieni aes aeain ar eagenid, ateno atet ytanientade er å orugarskarug ingikare af eikar katugare. Erinvoo de er en rikeni desk å orof ingrude i ysiuktt ateno udeo skene:

 

Rewe is gode to done in ale.
To make it both clere & stale.
The water ot rewe is gode for syght.
This water schal be mayde in a vrinalle.
And take water or rose wt alle.
And other wateres many þer to.
Of seladyne & veruayne al so.
[...]
The water of þe fenkell is ful gode.
For to clarefye mannys syght.
If it be stilled and made oryght
And do þer to water of roset.
For mannys syght þe water is bote.
Shire water is gode al so
Off rewe & of veruayne to take þer to.
Whan þei ere al to geder done.
þai helpe mannys sight redy & sone.

Medical treatise, p. 181; RP, RP ACHE

 

 

 

 

Between Herbals et alia: Intertextuality in Medieval English Herbals
Martti Mäkinen - University of Helsinki, 2006

 

 

 

Carroll, Ruth 1999. ‘The Middle English recipe as a text-type.’ Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 100.1: 27-42.

Carroll, Ruth 2003. ‘Recipes for laces: An example of a Middle English discourse colony’ In Hiltunen and Skaffari (eds): 137–65.

Carroll, Ruth 2004. ‘Middle English recipes: Vernacularisation of a text-type.’ In Taavitsainen and Pahta (eds): 174-96.

Flood, Bruce P. 1975. ‘The medieval herbal tradition of Macer Floridus.’ Pharmacy in History 17.1: 62-6

 

French, Roger 2003. Medicine before Science: The Rational and Learned Doctor from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

 

Jones, Claire 1998. ‘Formula and formulation: “Efficacy Phrases” in medieval English medical manuscripts.’ Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 99.2: 199-210

 

Keiser, George R. 2005. ‘A Middle English rosemary treatise in verse and prose.' ANQ 18.3: 7-17

 

Le Strange, Richard and Cork, Derek 1977. A History of Herbal Plants. London: Angus and Robertson

 

Norri, Juhani 2004. ‘Entrances and exits in English medical vocabulary, 1400-1550.’ In Taavitsainen and Pahta (eds): 100-43.

 

Stannard, Jerry 1964. ‘A fifteenth century botanical glossary.’ Isis 55.3: 353-67.

Stannard, Jerry 1971. ‘Byzantine botanical lexicography.’ Episteme 5.3: 168-87.

 

Turner, William and Britten, James 1965. The Names of Herbes. Repr. ed. Vaduz.

Wallner, Björn. 1992. ‘Plant names in the Middle English Guy de Chauliac’. Studia Neophilologica 64: 35-44.