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Aamēka mea Tasmania – The Languages of Tasmania

 

Haheahī nehawae pewamai pa'wiawao wawea'wae neahie aewehi mea Tasmania āmēka pa'wiawao neahie kapēke saemi ae haheahī nehawae aiwoawai pewamai āwiewa ākiahao wa kakiapā kuameu meha'wai kawialea lapeo mueho penahea leweki aewuakē:

 

Pitifully little information was gathered on Tasmanian languages before
they ceased to be spoken, at the end of the 19th century; there were probably eight to twelve distinct languages. Information on Tasmanian phonology suggests that the languages were typologically similar to those of Australia. No information on grammar is available. Only a few, dubious lexical cognates can be recognized between Tasmanian and mainland languages.

 

I pakēwue wa'weamai (weahī hakiahio lapaepu wahēme aemapio lema'wau) nehawae hameapeo penahea koapia ki'woehi pemu. I pahēwo namāpē poena i mea Tasmania laleapeo aiwoapai keawae wamēwu miepu pekahau i Lepamei lalēme Schmidt (W. Schmidt, 1952, Mewuahī Tasmanischen Sprachen. Spektrum, Utrecht-Anver i).

 

Aa'wieme keamai aewewa na'wēwi wealā ka puele nakēwue āmēka mea mākeo moa'wiu, i Pahaiwō, mapāmao welahā kahiakao lalēwa kekamea wealā hamaeku wahākē (wa āmēka). Ki'woehi āmēka pueha pepahia keawae i pewamai weameo hakao.

 

I āmēka mea Tasmania, hakiaheu ka moapie aiwoene, aepepo liamei aelapio palaewua mepepe wakiahā waweapea i aewehe mapea'wā soeku mea i tuawia nueku mea Astralia, ka pa'wiawao la mahiawae nehawae lawāpeo penahea liamei peapī mea papiawau mapea'wā soeku, Mepepe i ālaepe lakāmea Astralia, i laeki hiwoa'wae nehawae āmea: ni'woenu waweawī Pama-Nyungan kiapē i tuawia wealā suapei mea i walāhiu wamēwu i koahē mea hahai'woa kakiene ka mamāhī noahei niawae.

 

I kahāpae nueku mea Astralia nehawae hahai'woa wei'woe mea mapea'wā pawiena namāheo laeki pahaewuo, i kehu kahāpae leakī āmēka nehawae Tiwi, maleapia hamaewi Aapie ka Melville la'wieku. Tiwi nehawae ā'wiaweu wi'woa'wai aena'wea waweawī, ka mawiakea aenapie walaepo/namālea piewū, ha'wealai meawae, keamau neutralization la i sa, ka sa lapeapie.

Wawea'wae weiwoi, lahau, hahai'woa mapā'wī mepepe aena'wea waweawī penahea ā'weakia wamēwu moa'wiu ma'wiawiu lawia'wei la kahāpae Hi'woakea, mākeo pienu pa'wiawao i āpiahia aena'wea waweawī nia'wea  mea i Lakia'weu Worldare kewameo aiwoawai penahea sāwī hahēmu kapaepi ae penahea kapiahie papiawau cline sealea aelapio la ki'woehi kahāpae namaele. I makēwo kawīwō mepepe aiwoawai mā'wea āmea wamēwu hahai'woa papiawau nāpie weiwoi i nahiakai mea ma'weapī āpiahia aena'wea waweawī loawau lahaiwoe Astralia.

 

I wea'weo pa'wiawao Papāheu wamāwie papiawau (nahāhā lakāmea walaepo/namālea sī'woa, ha'wealai meawae, keamau neutralization ka puele āpālea lapeapie) neahie tuamei lahaiwoe Astralia ka i Lakia'weu Muakē.

 

Piwoalei i ā'wealea pa'wiawao Tiwi, i kehu leakī laleapeo mea Astralia, nehawae kea'wē aena'wea waweawī ka i āmēka namaepi penahea haheahī aehalao ki'woehi aena'wea waweawī suakiu siameu pa'wiawao aena'wea waweawī nia'wea aenahā welahā ā'wiepi la Astralia ka aenahā kawialea lapeo āpiahia mepi'wō i luemu walāhiu pamaemi i Pama-Nyungan niawae. Wakiahā waweapea i waweawī suakiu mea mea Tasmania āwākao nepeha pealea hahai'woa wawia'weu peapī mea loehe i aena'wea waweawī koa'wē mea Tiwi nehawae kewameo penahea wewakea wa nehawae hahai'woa leakī wehakeo.

 

Makeawiu mea Tasmania weiwoi kā'wau aena'wea waweawī, Tiwi la nawai'wou newa'wei koakē hahai'woa leakī wehakeo.

 

 

Blake, Barry J. (1977) Case marking in Australian languages. Canberra.

 

Blake, Barry J. (1987) Australian Aboriginal grammar. London: Croom Helm.

 

Crowley, Terry. 1993. Tasmanian Aboriginal language: old and new identities. In Michael Walsh and Colin Yallop (eds.), Language and culture in Aboriginal Australia, 51-71. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.

Crowley, Terry. 1995. Melanesian languages: Do they have a future? Oceanic Linguistics, Vol.34, No.2:327-44.

Crowley, Terry; and R.M.W. Dixon. 1981. Tasmanian. In R.M.W. Dixon and Barry J. Blake (eds.), Handbook of Australian Languages, Vol.2:395-421. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

 

Crowley, T; Dixon, R. M. W. (1981). "Tasmanian". In Dixon, R. M. W. and Blake, B. J.. Handbook of Australian languages. Vol 2. Canberra: Australian National University Press. pp. 394–421.

 

Plomley, N. J. B. (1976a). A Word-list of the Tasmanian Aboriginal Languages. Launceston.

 

Sainty, T "Tasmanian places and Tasmanian Aboriginal language" 2005, Placenames Australia Newsletter of the Australian National Placenames Survey.

 

Wurm, Mühlhäusler, & Tryon, 1996. Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas.

Wurm, S. A. Languages of Australia and Tasmania. The Hague, Mouton, 1972.