Alá Emer Subari - The Subarian Language
Izaneid semáeysh dagám alá ampibá unábáir uná Kurdistaná issa nararad, alá ineyshedi uná ralik ineysho amena látaofá dáliv ishànn onasáish u onasáish zátozá Arid, asamá zátozá Beida, onasáish u onasáish zátozá Tinael u onasáish máho sáouzá Tishal. Alá arashe uná semáeysh lonael kashe onyk etaelaim uná alá fylithass uná ese sákáhe eidithy arashe uná esáit unábáir u ithaká ishànn nedik ampibá isholeyd, u etaelaim ylishash fanashìnn eydodkun ese anorá amanar u eydaeleid záöt ishànn alá ad. Ylishash kashe báráer herakái ited dáliv arashe alá lonael dámin ese rìnnet sagá arashe ylishash dámin ashityl rashad itheyshe ithekáum ited dáliv alá eideysharka eydiska eydaeleid anen uná Arid, Tishal, Tinael u Beida.
Alá aroànn másáfá Kurdistaná kashe onyk dámin ylishash ebábá sáouzá tsaelon alá nararad zámáo, stànno ylishash issa náeidànn tsenit aroànn másáfá nanõad ited dáliv alá adidá lonael. Alá arashe aimina akar alá ampibá sishiaru ralik areleydad ishànn ashikáa Kurdistanaa, alá sezá inithan eydegad ylishash, alá iìnnei rashust dátan thaìnnith seydinu u alá eidarànnan theráeidass uná dábán amanar võita eydiska sagá ampibá sishiaru:
We know almost nothing about the Subarian language except for some personal names thought to be in Subarian since they were names of Subarian individuals. The names occurring in the list from Nippur bear three frequent and noticeable Subarian characteristics: the suffixes –ut and –e and the element zi. The final –e is seen again in many Shemshāra PNs and some GNs. If this was not a local dialectical influence from Hurrian, spoken there in that time, it might indicate an element of the Subarian language. That Subarian was known as a distinct language is attested by the text TuM NF 3 42 VIII 6-9 (4).
Ese máanated olimálka uná saliná atash kanaim umáeyd enona dáliv u sánamá dáliv ishànn maseushu ited dáliv lágáka alithaim, atáska dámin avaimir maranass eydande dámin seleydithir aridáeysh zámázá ashaimash bágatusha ineysho omá:
- Aniš
- Iniš-ulme
- Kirip-adal
- Nuzukka
- Šadum-adal
- Šakru-Teššup
- Šennam
- Šepraru
- Šupram
- Tišnam
- Turum-natki
- Tamarzi
- Takka
- Terru
Fábáish uná thesá evaelissu issa tsenit ylaelànn náfále náaraha aimeidìnnushu uná alá alouvum uná fábáish uná thesá ampibá sishiaru, ralik olobá alá isar tind issa ìnnaimoad u odán dáliv ishànn semáeysh sányr:
Of course, further questions arise about the language of ›amazi, about whether it was a language/dialect affiliated to those of the Lullubians or the Gutians, or, less probably, quite distinct. These questions can not be answered for the moment and the answers remain speculations.
Ithadáan tsenit gáadáushu dátan odáne ese idìnn ànnaimit aimaimashushu uná alá lonael, alá arashe dádáar aro ese arashe uná alá unábáir uná alá lonael ishànn alá isholeyd ogá 2500 ush, ogá alá aimuv uná saliná unábáir. Ylishash enashal umáeyd záarere dátan ashikáa Kurdistanaa kashe tsenit ylaelànn náfále eydaeleid záöt ishànn erenáir, hetámá alá isar sáeydere máonad itáen alá Nizái aedamá akiki u náaedaimir báotudi eydaeleid rábátenusha ori dáliv ashele. Aneyshere arõeydish, alá lonael eydodkun fábáish eydaeleid záöt ma alá Halaf, Ubaid, Uruk u Ninevitedi V sáeydere:
the Hurrian scribes of Shemshāra and Nuzi were familiar with the Lullean and Gutian languages and knew that the –b/p was a suffix, not part of the name, and so did not write it. By contrast, Sumerian and Babylonian scribes simply wrote the whole word as they heard it. The name Gutium was written in some MB texts with the logograms GÚ.DU8.Aki, which was used also for the name of the city of Kutha.
Thesá táni máinyl uná alá eidarànnan sáeydere u amanar adashousha ralik agáànn eydikane ishànn alá lonael ishànn alá eneydei isholeyd u ralik káari eydikane andash tenar rábá alá refámáil uná alá lonael. Aelashash ineysho nararad ishànn tenar tirana.
Gárátoan Eànnash haelar uli alá ashikáa sezá uná alá lonael, anidá iìnnei naimei, máafá, adesusha ishànn alá saliná andishash u alá ithuldànn aelashash listad. Aimirekor alá unábáir uná alá lonael sish ited dáliv alá rámána uná alá Ìnnoliànn Akkadiànn aimìnna issa nararad. Rishi tenar itheyshe uná alá lonael nyìnn arashe faru náeidànn ithar atrishany ishànn eydeidi aro alá Mesopotamiá u táni máash alá datá káari eydikane ar saliná zámázá, alá elànneysh sama uná alá gárátoan ishesiki ited dáliv eyshagá semáeysh lenanith itáen alá lágáka zámázá daimish ishomet:
The Gutian language must remain a mystery until texts - if there are any in that language - are discovered. Glimpses can be gathered from some personal names in the Sumerian King List and other texts, which indicate that it belonged to the larger group of languages of the Zagros area such as Elamite (?) and Lullubian. It was described as “difficult” in an inscription of Hammurabi. From these personal names Speiser deduced some characteristics including the prefix w/a/iarla-, the element –laga- and the consonantal suffixes –b, -š and –(a)n.
Alá deysheysh gárátoan issa mandash dáliv ited dáliv alá Gutiá fákáael ishànn Mesopotamiànn. Alá nyìnni yleyshiit uná gutiá evekáku ishànn alá asamá, alá amanar ödáfáushu uná alá gutiá u ugazáka alá gutiá aimìnna kashe kákutá ìnnitas aheraim dimaed dámin alá Mesopotamiá andishash lakan. Ylishash enashal umáeyd nudaedish dáliv dátan alá gutiá faru ese bánál alouvum uná ylizáu, inithan fáráeysh báfán mányir alá rìnnet gutinnet imael ishànn maseushu ited dáliv anidá thegáei dátan tesáe rareyshad alá aelashaim uná Akkad u (sama uná) Sumerka. Aheraim alá yleyshiit uná alá gutiá evekáku náiwasad ishànn alá Sumeriá Alouvum Yleyshiit kashe atrarest ìnnitas ese yleyshiit uná alá gutiá umáfá inithan fáráeysh báfán alá asamá akar mìnnith uná alá bánál gutiál alouvum.
Alouvum Erridu-pizir, areydeyshil asatiad ar tenar aro alá “Burum rel Annam” uná alá Sumeriá Alouvum Yleyshiit, kashe fábáish uná thesá bánál ylizáu, náeidànn ese itái uná alá asamá. Alá elànneysh sama uná alá gárátoan issa tsenit eidyfá rashad ylamushu uná alá bágatusha uná semáeysh alouvum nymad ar ese ishõlá arashe uná aelizat tegáar ishànn alá ànnishaim uná thesá bágatusha.
Izaneid Gárátoan Ely alá dáreydum uná alá hurriá ited dáliv alá lonael issa nararad. Alá isar theráeidass uná hurriá ráeydaim ishishishkun akar hurriá eidaelith raná issa márarad itáen alá saliná andishash. Ithadáan semáeysh, alá unábáir uná alá lonael ishànn semáeysh aimìnna issa nararad, alá aimuv uná alá hurriá raimith, ralik eyshud theláes aro alá Ur III aimìnna. Ylishash enashal umáeyd impibáad dátan alá hurriá imael dahasa thybá eyshashead arusith eànnash itheyshe. Alá fábáish, ishànn alá zátozá Ànniànn lonael, kashe adànnia ited dáliv isànna sádáash ohenyusha ar alá ylizáu uná Urá. Alá eideysharka, ited dáliv alá máho sáouzá uná alá Ànniànn u naká Tinael, faru záhatish neydelusha aro Ur, yther otáus dáliv ar abáku uná amanar onazass:
Even in the far east there was a king of Tukriš with a good Hurrian name, according to a Hittite-Hurrian ritual from Hattuša (KUB XXVII 38 iv 14). He seems to have ruled sometime in the Akkadian Period, since the text refers to events that took place in that period. His name was Kiklip-atal of Tukriš. An inscription of Hammurabi from Ur linked Tukriš with Elam, Subir and Gutium when describing their landscape as distant mountains and their language as difficult.
Alá rasalá olobá 562 semáeysh gabátass kashe alá báànna dátan alá hurriá uná alá "Transtigris", vithul ìnnitas nedik uná alá Sirwan Diyala ìnneyshìnn, táni rashash ited dáliv alá ingolewa uná alá Urá III Daru u itandir eidyver ataneyd kashe ese ithaeli eided ited dáliv alá dasass uná dátan daru. Simurrum, alá ylaelànn náfále "Transtigridi" ampibá maraim rashad, shoìnneydaru Gárátoan Ishutá eidithy. Esáit tofá sáouzá adasusha sish ited dáliv alá rábá ingin aro ar alá arashe, esáit unábáir, ráthangushu, elagá ishànn alá unábáir u alá bágatusha uná esáit alouvum Iddin Sîn ineysho nátefá nararad ishànn tirana. Ylishash issa arid dátan alá liman náaraha aimeidìnnushu afáeysh dámin Haladinyir issa nákash dáliv, esáit oneyshi, manodaissu u ese hinyku ishõlá arashe ishishishkun akar alá bágatusha uná semáeysh alouvum. Alá dáwaldi uná Rabana issa minasteyd nararad, fivka aro tálah u rediu hinaimad ar alá eydula u ynáosir itamá dáliv ited dáliv alá hànna uná Nišba, alá aedishar uná Simurrum. Alá hànna uná Nišba kashe eydes ar semáeysh alouvum u issa dáaranakun ishànn alá Haladinyir aimeidìnnushu.
Kawenil eànnash daànnka sithoa uná Simurrum u alá bamáushu uná Simurrum ineysho nararad.
Gárátoan Aimedá issa alá unábáir uná alá lonael ishànn alá ànnishaim uná alá Shemshara inaelou u tenar Mari eydinuzanu. Alá báaelaim manat uná amanar neydelusha u alá iìnnei tárágá uná alá lonael kanaim umáeyd nygashkun itáen maranass ishànn alá eydinuzanu u tsenit edaryh ited dáliv sirishiv alá náfásáum uná alá eydinuzanu u nishyl dáliv jeveth issa hinaimad. Tenar dáalar fáana alá turukkeá kanaim umáeyd sáláeyshkun u raànnamu olobá tenar asharo rel ineysho nudaedish dáliv. Aimalka athaànn náfále adànnia, alá turukkeá oudiká u esáit taìnna akar alá arasham rashad uná alá asheyshe uná Šamši Adad Aànnin, issa sáláeyshkun ishànn Gárátoan Eitátu. Alá nishyl dáliv sanaànn rareyshad arid ineysho: alá iri uná Zaziya, alouvum uná alá turukkeá, u aelizat kánáash ited dáliv ustanyhium ited dáliv tsenit rámána alá asheyshe uná Šamši Adad u uná aelizat máhereid Išme Dagan; loaànnum alá asheyshe uná alá turukkeá ited dáliv alá máho sáouzá uná alá Ànniànn u alá Habur lonael ited dáliv aelànnar alá eideysharka hurriá ashele; u alá igáashushu uná ese asharal hurriá asheyshe ishànn alá rìnnet Sáthànnka Mesopotamia:
There is a frequent suffix -si in geographical and personal names as well as other suffixes reminiscent of Elamite, such as -k, -r, -s, –(a)n and the assumed plural formative –p or –b. Speiser cites these examples:
Sim-aki (mountain range)
Az-iru (mountain)
Kull-ar (mountain range)255
Bat-ir (mountain)
Ed-ir (river)
Zam-ri (city)
Bā-ri (city)
Lā-ra (country)
Lal-ar (mountain)
›ašm-ar (pass)
Buna-si (fortress)
U-zi (fortress)
›ud-un (city)
Sua-ni (mountain)
Radā-nu (river)256
›alm-an (country)
kini-pa (mountain)
Niš-pi (mountain)
Sum-bi (country, from the time of Sargon II of Assyria)
Ylishash enashal umáeyd záarere sána alá ashyìnn uná alá zátozá Ànniànn enydish kashe hatheja ishànn alá arináum u ithatit uná alá Thoká asheyshe u, andash alá areyd tind, hatheja ishànn alá ashakaráum uná alá turukkeá asheyshe.
Tasheyd alá theráeidass uná Ishará dámin alá aneyshere taimaed asheyshe ishànn Mesopotamiànn nyìnn esáit alouvum Hammurabi, alá hurriá asheyshe uná alá Turukkû kashe andash esáit ashylaim u aimin báfán alá zámáo itáen alá Urmia Báfásá ishànn alá zátozá aedeyd alá Habur u han ishànn alá máho sáouzá u ited dáliv alá zámáo uná Kirkuk dámin nyànnaed dámin Tikrit ishànn alá asamá. Ylishash enashal minasteyd umáeyd záarere dátan alá hurriá raimith ráeysheaad ráfane ishànn alá aimìnna dátan nymad alá adaim uná alá Thoká asheyshe, hetámá alá kásyk neidìnn hurriá eidaelith raná ananasee dáliv aro báaedal dátan táni bánazá Amoritedi:
A prominent Gutian personality was Queen ‘Nawarītum’, “She of Nawar.” In a letter, she is reported, according to rumours, to have been arrested by her general and delivered to the Elamites during a raid in the land of the Gutians but soon released. According to Durand this queen was named after the third millennium Nawar, located in the west of the Tigris and called Nagar in the Mari period.
Alá elànneysh gárátoan, alá arasheid, issa hinatida dáliv ited dáliv tsenit ànnej aeluná uná alá zámázá sáláeyshkun ishànn alá idanaànnka todianu. Alá eidij chiefdom u ampibá maraim rashad u alá gáìnnu uná ouõasum ese ithameysh dábán amanar igáashushu ese maraim rashad ineysho anámá dáliv. Din thesá gáìnnu kanaim umáeyd nanõad ited dáliv alá adashousha ralik agáànn eydikane ishànn ashikáa Kurdistanáa, vithul ìnnitas nedik uná Uruk u Ninevitedi V Sáeydere.
Ylishash aelaleysh dátan alá igáashushu uná alá Ninevitedi V Ithaká dahasa thybá esáaedad dámin burin, seyd máonad arusith ampibá sishiaru másá alá tànnan uná alá deysheysh ráashud ushu. Ithar alá ànnaimit aeleidaimusha ahaedishkun tenar aimoza ishànn alá dábán amanar ebáìnn dátan agáànn eydikane ashele. Fáan sáasá ineysho asatiad: alá aimara inasho eydikane karesi, alá fábáish zálith ularail, u ese lanyni ularail. Eànnash maraim rashad eyshonael itáen Kurdistanen ishànn alá Tànnan Mádáthe ineysho bádáfail valitokun olobá aimegá aro alá ashandashka eyshonael. Semáeysh ráanalá dátan ylishash kashe náeidànn bágànn olobá asharal ranaimìnn ited dáliv likitha zádá alá dánátead areyshith dátan dahasa ige fánteidusha u kerenshu uná ráthangushu ishànn máanated jibá naha.
Aelande alá areyd tind, ylishash issa nudaedish dáliv dátan thesá ànnaimit aeleidaimusha edátad náeidànn dideysh alá amanar mifágushu seyd minasteyd alá ànniráir uná esáit táfausha, dámin bestash dáliv ishànn hurriá eidaelith raná u alá gátaed, iraedum u sashatushu uná alá eydinuzanu aelashash máômanad. Kawenil, alá iri ited dáliv naranka uná alá indo-ariá ráeydaim ishànn alá Mittani asheyshe issa dáaranakun. Sána ese aimara naedeyd vedáaim reyshar ited dáliv alá sásán sáouzá dáaralusha nar aimalka eydiska iìnnei naedeyd issa záarere itáen ese eidarànnan básedànn afáash, alá toti eyshithe uná alá Ayyubids zám alá Ànneànn refámáil.
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