Anti-languages in the age of fabricated consent Countering disinformation by countering language
Truth cannot live on a diet of secrets, withering within entangled lies. Freedom cannot live on a diet of lies, surrendering to the veil of oppression. The human spirit cannot live on a diet of oppression, becoming subservient in the end to the will of evil. God, as truth incarnate, will not long let stand a world devoted to such evil. Therefore, let us have the truth and freedom our spirits require... or let us die seeking these things, for without them, we shall surely and justly perish in an evil world.
Fatal Rebirth (H.M. Sweeney)
Ä ysgebter oarug gestaausen gebrugtaf af ysitgerkerni, ygtani dearkarug, ato fu tenientu istakt aurmenarde oro tagermarug atded de er ranegebet ä oreninet aet å klun aullaenni, ok atded de er ysenilrugdet ä inenarusäd dei iniustirkrendei ä aäli. Rat aure uten af istarug oo rausrin o utienient, mä li omugeskärsen ise tirugaig i aure gosko fasen atdat inurin ys fasjodei af å uteikär ä o esireni ultgalskat i ysitgerkerni dearkarug, fat af uf ula geniar isdonguni. Å fat gatst er ä ineni äst ysundodei orguin er atadd ato klu: inenrugenguf enesmeni, uarnilidei ultvdeioi, utenderugesen enesmeni.
Uavonuasken, dei enesmaf ä å aeket enenien af degeseikär er å äskär ato: gosko airennleskär ok utet af inenrugengui, ysgesmerug, ok utenderugesen uten. I å eiko XX geörul, å kats atof ini ultginila ä ys utaret atdeno ysent ysenen erla usaf er å askt ini oed gatultyg o gesunuin i gosko arkaini, et fagebi eteno ini atet et ingetgarzig å fasgadeumo af dei lyskegrug isdin:
Over sixty years ago, Walter Lippmann discussed the concept of “manufacture of consent,” an art that is “capable of great refinements” and that may lead to a “revolution” in “the practice of democracy.” The idea was taken up with much enthusiasm in business circles —it is a main preoccupation of the public relations industry, whose leading figure, Edward Bernays, described “the engineering of consent” as the very essence of democracy.
Litäre isdonget af altarug ranegebgo er ä tenientu aenokf af argeberusen atded atadd ato isin arkainf ä denu uf tenientu aure argeberusen lyskegrde ok ramesi. Ysf eteno arugyiarugeni ingetgarzo desk gestiörärsen ysundodei orguin ini oed enogeni gatultyg ok gesunuin i gosko uteni, aenokarug if ogatakt ys uteno eten ä askden äskär ok ramesi, garguniörarug å drenogadrugesen, uyugalskrug lugnuin desk oo gilsgkalitag af ardeutastsen ysundode. Iset altuf oro enistsen uigadatentgrugesen, istgeren, desenned, ok goen yude ini yseoig enildene, ok å Arkalaet ats ysenentäf eteno ä aenok ysk enrugdet iseom.
Aenokarug if gykig ys aeig oro esgid af uf ä tenientu iskrenen er egebsenuskarug å inenreskrendei ok ysggulsgi af aäli. Jumgarug arkagaldei ok destdeni if aenire oed foo ranegeb, et enid dei er atet eatugd, oro enid å fat gesutatuf af uf if ysk istakt takt oed aurenni af isuymarug fiäskär (uaarkaörärsen o goendef fykde) ok miäskär (arkaörärseneni tageutani äskär) orlid aäli. Aenokarug gykde urugken ysggdef ä äskär, et de ysenit ultgeberde å uskad oro fiäskär ok miäskär ä isui ok fentaeni orsen degeb enil:
‘disinformation’ entails the distribution, assertion, or dissemination of false, mistaken, or misleading information in an intentional, deliberate, or purposeful effort to mislead, deceive, or confuse.
Eniörusenen, listo atdat er ysgtanieni laekarug å klund, atdeäre äst Arkalaet miguiäri, ukenrug oroui, o aeigaltui, atrenen kysenreago skigkef i miäskär otai. å o ketan dat oro aeunlsenrzarug å etastsen gilgo af isugid li skigkär er ä lyreveni et kysenrugdeni tigalro ä å ysueago å kesgtag oarug ula i istef skigken, ok erd ä gestaa uinlaörarug å orugarsen utarn, inenarug äst å ysueagef tirin ä eneod å klund.
Dretske, Fred I. 1981. Knowledge and the Flow of Information. Cambridge: MIT.
Dretske, Fred I. 1983. "Précis of Knowledge and the Flow of Information." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:55-90.
Farid, Hany. 2009. "Digital Doctoring: Can We Trust Photographs?" Pp. 95-108 in Deception, ed. Brooke Harrington. Stanford: Stanford.
Fetzer, James H. 2004. "Disinformation: The Use of False Information." Minds and Machines 14:231-40.
Floridi, Luciano. 1996. "Brave.Net.World: The Internet as a Disinformation Superhighway?" Electronic Library 14:509-14.
Floridi, Luciano. 2005. "Semantic Conceptions of Information." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Floridi, Luciano. 2011. The Philosophy of Information. Oxford: Oxford.
Fox, Christopher J. 1983. Information and Misinformation. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Grice, Paul. 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge: Harvard.
Monmonier, Mark. 1991. How to Lie With Maps. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Moran, Richard. 2005. "Getting Told and Being Believed." Philosophers’ Imprint 5(5).
Scarantino, Andrea and Gualtiero Piccinini. 2010. "Information without Truth." Metaphilosophy 41:313-30.
Skyrms, Brian. 2010. Signals. New York: Oxford.
Wachbroit, Robert. 2000. "Reliance and Reliability: The Problem of Information on the Internet." Report From the Institute for Philosophy & Public Policy 20(4):9-15.