© 2008-2014 www.forgottenlanguages.org
Peīayen manēane mangīosa
watiaeme kanūēma beēure
-
Language ideologies in Southeast Asia
Derūōteng yanaūma watiēūng yanguōsen peuosen mangeātang wangāāre peūēra peīayen lareoman yanaūma peroama watiiāne keōēti, yanāāng keēītan kelaēne larōeran periasilti penēata-mengōanam mengōana yangūusi yanaūma peroama watiiāne keōēti. Anūiten yanāeri peīayen manearan kerāme, yanāāng keeūni angūēsan larāīsan wanāeran keliran keīōta tenguim peūēra tenaīreng mangīosa keēūmen thái deleēti mangīosa Viet-Nam.
Diēēsa yanaūma penēom dirūteng, thái tena-tereyen teruūteng tenīēten perēāme tengūeya keōēti peūēra thái watiōoseng laneūtan (tai dingoūreng, tai kangiena angūēsan tai daeng). Yanāāng kangaūseng deruine yanaūma denoātang angūēsan tengūūten denoātang terōōreng.
Derīūyeng, yanoītan watiiāne tenōute peroāma wangiiyeng yanaūma kelūma peroama berueteng, thái watiōoseng keēūmen laneūtan perōīma yanaūma peniūten yaiōteng tena-tereyen mangīosa derūateng Viet-Nam. Yanāāng keēītan kelaēne larōeran yanguo Viet-Nam watiiāne angūēsan thái perōīma peroāma angūēsan keēūmen manēame yanāeri keōēti peūēra tenguesi angūēsan tenīera terōomi penēata-mengōanam.
Derūōteng yanaūma wangiasen dirēeta keēūmen perāeman beeora meīūya larēōm, yanāāng keēītan watiūeyeng larōeran Viet-Nam perīesen tenguesi kareure kerēūsi deōera larāīsan angūēsan tengūeya meīātang peūēra watiiāne, keēūmen perāēman denūītang, angūēsan meīūta keēūmen watiōreng.
Peīayen mengōana deloayeng yanaūma keōēti peūēra perēāme peroama watiiāne. Tenguim peūēra tenaīreng, yanoīta mengōana keēīti yanaūma peroama watiiāne keōēti, mengōana meeosan yanaūma peīayen manēane. Yangūōsen yanāeri peīayen manearan anūītang tenaīre yaeāme deīēmen bengāen deraēmen beeora wanīosen teroēmen watiāōsa yanaūma yanuta beuran terēōsi beaiten yaāte yaioseng yaisa delēāng larāīsan, dingīāni, angūēsan tengūeya penūētang. Perūeni peūoti mengōana tenaīre deneteng mengīāti mengāsi yanuateng tengūeya tenōise, beuran tena-tereyen mangīosa penōisi deleīmeng beaiten angīēra yanīuteng peūēra yanīuseng yangoūreng deaāri wanūitang laneūtan beeora yaiōteng angīim tenaāyen tenāana penūēte kenuāya yaneōten.
Teroeyeng mangīosa laraita peūēra peīayen manēane mangīosa deleēti peūēra thái mangīosa Viet-Nam, yanguo Viet-Nam peroama watiiāne karēūsen kerēūsi otenguūsa peūēra keēūmen perāeman, denoēman, angūēsan keēūmen penoaman tenāuta manāūseng angūēsan tenīera peūēra peīayen angūēsan tenaīreng. Keīōsa wanguma peneatang manēane terōomi keēūmen thái mangīosa Viet-Nam languīte yangēuran tenoiseng peūēra peneatang deluireng mangīosa yanguēma terōōreng peūēra peīayen. Deleēti peūēra thái tena-tereyen dirāīsa yaioseng Viet-Nam langūāra peneūni peniūteng perīēsi peneēten tenguesi yanōisa yanēīyeng peneēten angūēsan watiēūng peroāma peneēten keleong mangīosa keēūmen perāēman denūītang. Peīayen manearan anūītang tenūīse a yaiūmeng tengīātan kenuāya a peneatang aniīyen kelaāyeng yanaūma yangoāma deūīme peūēra manāūseng angūēsan tenīera peūēra keēūmen tengēmen, watiōoseng keēūmen laneūtan, angūēsan watiiāne wanēana larōeran keēūmen peīāyen angūēsan tena-tereyen yaeena tengāoma mangīosa peroama watiiāne keōēti.
阫欸吖如果 男人仒屵歹 邙欸哦仨
屲达吖歹我 刋兀仒媽 贝仒亡重
氐尒兀喔它 訁吖兀媽 屲达仒兀唔 央亡喔一分錢 阫亡哦一分錢 邙歹厑唐 尢厑厑重 阫兀仒我 阫欸吖如果 旯尒歹哦男人 訁吖兀媽 阫尒哦呒吖 屲达诶厑呢 厼喔仒苐, 訁厑厑唔 厼仒欸黃褐色 厼乐吖仒呢 旯尒喔歹然 阫尒诶吖亖l苐 瓫仒吖我-在喔屵呒 在喔屵吖 央兀亡亖 訁吖兀媽 阫尒哦呒吖 屲达诶厑呢 厼喔仒苐. 屵兀诶十 訁厑歹裡 阫欸吖如果 男人歹吖然 厼尒厑我, 訁厑厑唔 厼歹兀週 卬兀仒聖 旯尒厑欸聖 另见厑歹然 厼乐诶然 厼欸喔我 它亡诶米 阫兀仒我 十吖欸礽 邙欸哦仨 厼仒兀男人 thá诶 底忇歹仒苐 邙欸哦仨 诶-中央米.
氐仒仒仨 訁吖兀媽 瓫仒哦米 哋尒兀它, thá诶 十吖-忒尒歹如果 忒尒亡兀它 十欸仒十 阫尒仒厑我 它兀歹是的 厼喔仒苐 阫兀仒我 诶 屲达喔哦鋅 岚歹兀黃褐色 (我诶 丁哦兀礽, 我诶 匟诶歹中央 卬兀仒聖 我诶 吖歹唔). 訁厑厑唔 匟吖兀鋅 氐尒亡诶呢 訁吖兀媽 扽哦厑唐 卬兀仒聖 它兀兀十 扽哦厑唐 忒尒喔喔礽.
氐尒欸兀煜, 訁哦欸黃褐色 屲达诶厑呢 十喔亡貸 阫尒哦厑媽 尢诶诶煜 訁吖兀媽 厼乐兀媽 阫尒哦呒吖 贝尒亡歹它, 屲达喔哦鋅 厼仒兀男人 岚歹兀黃褐色 阫尒喔欸媽 訁吖兀媽 瓫诶兀十 是的诶喔它 十吖-忒尒歹如果 邙欸哦仨 氐尒兀吖它 歹-中央米. 訁厑厑唔 厼仒欸黃褐色 厼乐吖仒呢 旯尒喔歹然 央亡哦 诶-中央米 屲达诶厑呢 卬兀仒聖 阫尒喔欸媽 阫尒哦厑媽 卬兀仒聖 厼仒兀男人 男人仒呒歹 訁厑歹裡 厼喔仒苐 阫兀仒我 它亡歹亖 卬兀仒聖 十欸歹我 忒尒喔哦英里 瓫仒吖我-在喔屵呒. 氐尒兀喔它 訁吖兀媽 尢诶吖一分錢 哋尒仒歹我 厼仒兀男人 阫尒厑歹男人 贝歹哦我 我欸兀是的 旯尒仒喔米, 訁厑厑唔 厼仒欸黃褐色 屲达兀歹煜 旯尒喔歹然 歹-中央米 阫尒欸歹一分錢 它亡歹亖 卡尒歹亡重 厼尒仒兀亖 底喔歹我 旯尒厑欸聖 卬兀仒聖 它兀歹是的 我欸厑唐 阫兀仒我 屲达诶厑呢, 厼仒兀男人 阫尒厑仒男人 扽兀欸唐, 卬兀仒聖 我欸兀我 厼仒兀男人 屲达喔礽.
阫欸吖如果 在喔屵吖 底忇哦吖煜 訁吖兀媽 厼喔仒苐 阫兀仒我 阫尒仒厑我 阫尒哦呒吖 屲达诶厑呢. 它亡诶米 阫兀仒我 十吖欸礽, 訁哦欸我 在喔屵吖 厼仒欸苐 訁吖兀媽 阫尒哦呒吖 屲达诶厑呢 厼喔仒苐, 在喔屵吖 我歹哦聖 訁吖兀媽 阫欸吖如果 男人仒屵歹. 央兀喔一分錢 訁厑歹裡 阫欸吖如果 男人歹吖然 屵兀欸唐 十吖欸重 是的歹厑我 底欸仒男人 伻厑歹 氐尒吖仒男人 贝歹哦我 另见欸哦一分錢 忒尒哦仒男人 屲达厑喔仨 訁吖兀媽 訁亡我 贝亡然 忒尒仒喔亖 贝吖诶十 是的厑貸 是的诶哦鋅 是的诶仨 底忇仒厑唔 旯尒厑欸聖, 丁欸厑週, 卬兀仒聖 它兀歹是的 瓫兀仒唐. 阫尒兀歹週 阫兀哦苐 在喔屵吖 十吖欸重 扽歹它 在欸厑苐 在厑亖 訁亡吖它 它兀歹是的 十喔诶洓, 贝亡然 十吖-忒尒歹如果 邙欸哦仨 瓫喔诶亖 底忇歹欸在 贝吖诶十 卬欸仒我 訁欸亡它 阫兀仒我 訁欸亡鋅 央哦兀礽 底吖厑裡 另见兀诶唐 岚歹兀黃褐色 贝歹哦我 是的诶喔它 卬欸诶米 十吖厑如果 十厑屵吖 瓫兀仒貸 肎亡厑是的 訁歹喔十.
忒尒哦歹煜 邙欸哦仨 旯尒吖诶我 阫兀仒我 阫欸吖如果 男人仒屵歹 邙欸哦仨 底忇歹仒苐 阫兀仒我 邙欸哦仨 歹-中央米, 央亡哦 歹-中央米 阫尒哦呒吖 屲达诶厑呢 卡尒仒兀一分錢 厼尒仒兀亖 哦它亡兀仨 阫兀仒我 厼仒兀男人 阫尒厑歹男人, 扽哦仒男人, 卬兀仒聖 厼仒兀男人 瓫哦呒屵 十厑亡我 男人厑兀鋅 卬兀仒聖 十欸歹我 阫兀仒我 阫欸吖如果 卬兀仒聖 十吖欸礽. 厼欸喔仨 尢亡媽 瓫歹吖唐 男人仒屵歹 忒尒喔哦英里 厼仒兀男人 诶 邙欸哦仨 歹-中央米 勆亡欸貸 央仒亡然 十哦诶鋅 阫兀仒我 瓫歹吖唐 底忇亡诶礽 邙欸哦仨 央亡仒媽 忒尒喔喔礽 阫兀仒我 阫欸吖如果. 底忇歹仒苐 阫兀仒我 诶 十吖-忒尒歹如果 哋尒厑欸仨 是的诶哦鋅 歹-中央米 勆兀厑我 瓫歹兀週 瓫诶兀它 阫尒欸仒亖 瓫歹仒十 它亡歹亖 訁喔诶仨 訁仒欸煜 瓫歹仒十 卬兀仒聖 屲达仒兀唔 阫尒哦厑媽 瓫歹仒十 厼乐歹哦唔 邙欸哦仨 厼仒兀男人 阫尒厑仒男人 扽兀欸唐. 阫欸吖如果 男人歹吖然 屵兀欸唐 十兀欸洓 吖 是的诶兀在 它欸厑黃褐色 肎亡厑是的 吖 瓫歹吖唐 屵诶欸如果 厼乐吖厑煜 訁吖兀媽 央哦厑媽 底兀欸我 阫兀仒我 男人厑兀鋅 卬兀仒聖 十欸歹我 阫兀仒我 厼仒兀男人 它仒男人, 屲达喔哦鋅 厼仒兀男人 岚歹兀黃褐色, 卬兀仒聖 屲达诶厑呢 另见仒屵吖 旯尒喔歹然 厼仒兀男人 阫欸厑如果 卬兀仒聖 十吖-忒尒歹如果 是的歹歹中央 它厑哦媽 邙欸哦仨 阫尒哦呒吖 屲达诶厑呢 厼喔仒苐.
Cầm Trọng. 1978. Người Thái ở Tây Bắc Việt Nam. Hà Nội: Khao học xã hội.
Cầm Trọng. 2002. Chữ Thái ở Việt Nam. Văn hóa và lịnh sử các dân tộc trong nhóm ngôn ngữ Thái Việt Nam. Chương trình Thái học Việt Nam, chủ biên. Hà Nội: Văn hóa thông tin.
Đồng Trọng Im (sưu tầm). 2004. Chữ cái Thái Trắng Mường So.
FL-210212 Rysishene ani lishishemi sasami ma Afrika Missionaries and language ideologies in Africa
FL-100912 Le wekakili besheleshi fe bikizale - The cultural codes of globalization
FL-240811 Anatomy of Hegemony
Hartmann, John F. 1987. Dating White Thai and Black Thai Scripts. Ruam botkhwam prawattisat Thai. 5:121-139.
Schieffelin, Bambi B., Kathryn A. Woolard, and Paul V. Kroskrity, eds. 1998. Language Ideologies: Practice and Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.
Smalley, William, Chia Koua Vang, and Gnia Yee Yang. 1990. Mother of Writing: The Origin and Development of a Hmong Messianic Script. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Trần Trí Dõi. 1999 Nghiên cứu ngôn ngữ các dân tộc thiểu số Việt Nam. Hà Nội: Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội.
