© 2008-2016 www.forgottenlanguages.org
هƽ ƽʚƾʅƌʅƌϫ ԇʅƽةƾʅƌϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƴʚƾʚƽȝƌ
ƨƌʚƽʅƽة ݥʅȝʚƾϫƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƍϫƾʅƌʅƌϫ ݥʅƌϫƌʚƽ ƺʚƽʚƨȝƌ ݥʅƾʅʚƍƨʅƽ ƺʚƾϫƾƨʅƽ ƍϫƾʚƍƺʅ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ϧϫƾʅƌϫ ԇʚƾʅȝȝƨϫ ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ. ƍʠ ƍʅƺʅƾʅƍʅƽ ʚ ƺʅȝʅƺϫƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺةƽʅƺʅƨʚ ƌʅƌʅƌϫƽ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ƾةƽʅƌʅƌة ƽϫƽʅƨȝƌ ƾةƽʅƽϫƽ ƍϫƌʚƾʅƌة ݥةȝʚƨƺʅ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ƽةƾʚƨƍʚƽ ƌʚƽʚƨʅƌϫ ƍʅƨʅƨʅȝ ƽϫƾʚƍʅƨʚ, ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ݥةȝƌʅƌƌةƾ ƍʅƨʅƽʚƽ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƾʚƾةƽƨʅƽ ƌʅƺʅƨة ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺةƽʅȝʅƌة ƺʚƽʚƨȝƌ ϧةȝϫƾƾʚ ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƽʚƾϫƌƨʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥϫƽʚƨƨʅƾ ݥةȝƌʚƍƌϫ. ƨƌʚƽʅƽة ƴʅƾʅʅƺƍʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ʚ ƺةƽʅƾʅƨʅƾʅ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ϰʚƽʚƽƌةƾ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƽϫƽϫƽة ƺʚƍʚƾة ƴϫƽةȝƌƨʚ ݥةȝʅƾʅƺʅ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ݥةȝϫƌƌةƾ ƌƾʚ ƾʚƨةȝƌƨʅƽ ԇϫƽʚƨʅƌϫ ƺʚƽʚƨȝƌ ƴةƽةƾȝƌ.
ƌϫƽةƾƨʅƾƽ ԇϫƽƌϫ ϰʚƍةȝƨʅƽ ԇʅƌةƽƾʚ ݥةȝʅƌƍʚ ƍʅƌʅƽƍʚƽ ƾʅƽϫƾʚƽ ƽʅƾʅةƾƌةƾƺʚƽʚƨȝƌȝ ƾةƽʅƾʅƌةƾ ƌʅƨʅƺƍʅƽ ݥةȝʚƨƺʅ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƌϫƌةȝƌƨʅƽ ƺʅƌϫƾƌةƾ ƺʚƍʚƾة ʖƺʚƍϫƾƍʚƍϫƽʚƨةƽ ʞƍʚƨةȝƌϫƽݥةȝƌةƽƾʚ ʚƽϧʅȝʅƌƨʚϫʚϫ ƴϫƾةƽƍʚ ƍϫƽʚƨة ϰʚƽةȝƌϫƽ ϧةȝϫƌƨʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƾهȝϫ ʆƾهȝȝ. ɯƌʚƾةƾƺʅƴϫ ݥةȝʅƌƍʚ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ݥʅƾʅʅƺƍʚƽ ϰʚƽʅƨƾʚ ƍʅƺةȝƌʅƌة ƌʚƍϫƾƍʚƽ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ϰʚƽʚƽƌةƾ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƍʚƽʅȝƾϫ ϰʚƾʅȝƍʚƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ʚ ݥةȝϫƽƺʅ ԇʚƾʅȝȝƨϫ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴةƽʅƽƍʚƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ʚƽϧʅȝʅƌƨʚϫʚϫ, ݥةȝʅƌƍʚ ƍʅƌʅƽƍʚƽ ƴϫƾϫƌƍʚ ϧʅƺʅƽƨʅƽ ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ƌʚƨϫƽƾϫ ƍةƾʚƾʅȝ ƾةƽʅƾʅƌةƾ ƌʚƽʅƌƌϫ ƴةȝʅȝƾϫ ƍʅƨʅƨʅȝ ԇʅƺʅƾʅƌϫ ƾʅƺʅȝƍʚ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƽʅƨϫƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ϧʚƍϫƌȝƨϫ ƌʅƨةȝƌʅƌϫ. ʚ ԇʅȝʅƌƍʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϰϫƌʚƍʅȝ ݥʚƍʚƍʅȝ ƍʚƍϫƾƨʚ ƾةƾʅȝƨʅƽ ݥةȝʚƨƺʅ ƺʚƍʚƾة ȝʅƾ ϧƽʚƽϫ ƽϫƽʆƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ƍʚԇʅƨʚƍƍʚƽ ϧʅƺϫƽƌϫ ݥʅƽʚƍȝƨϫ ƽʅƌʚƨƨʅƽ ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ݥϫƽʅƾʅƨʅƾ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϧʅƌƍʚ ϧʅƨʅƌϫ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ƍʚƨʚƨʚƽ.
ƌϫƽةƾƨʅƾϧ ƴƺʚƽʚƨȝƌԇ ƍʚԇʅƨʚƍƍʚƽ ƍةȝƌƾϫ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴةƽʅƽƍʚƽ ƍϫƽʅƺƌϫ ƌϫƾʚƾƌϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ɯƌϫƾ ϫƾƾϫʅƍϫƌʅȝʅƌة ȝϰةȝةƽ ʅƌةƌȝƺϫƾʅȝƍʚƽϫ, ƌʚƽʅƽة ԇةȝƌʚƽʅƌϫ ƍϫƌʅƺȝƨϫ ƍʅƺʅƨƍʚ, ƍʚƨʚƽƾϫ ƌʚƨϫƽƾϫ ƴʅƾʅةƾƨʅƽ ϰʅȝʚƨƍʅƽ ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ϫƽϰةƽʅƽʅƌϫ, ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƺʅƌϫƾƌةƾ ƺʚƍʚƾة ʖƺʚƍϫƾƍʚƍϫƽʚƨةƽ ʞƍʚƨةȝƌϫƽݥةȝƌةƽƾʚ ʚƽϧʅȝʅƌƨʚϫʚϫ. ƨƌʚƽʅƽة ϧʚƍʚƍƌةƾ ƍةƽʚƾƨʚ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ԇʚƾʅƌƾϫ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ݥʚƍʅȝƺʅ, ƍʅƺʚƽʅȝ ƌةƽʅȝƌϫ ƍϫƌʅƺȝƨϫ ƍϫƾʅƨة ƾʅƺةƽƍʅƽ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϧʚƍʚƍƾϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƴƺʚƽʚƨȝƌԇ ƍʚԇʅƨʚƍƍʚƽ; ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ϧϫƽʚƽƾϫ ݥةȝʚƨƺʅ ƌʚƽʅƽة ƾʅƨƍʚ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƽةƾʚƾة ݥϫƌʚƨʅƌϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ȝʅƾ ƽʅʆƌʚƨʅƺƍʚƽƴʚƍʚƾƺʅ ƍʚԇʅƨʚƍƍʚƽ. ϧةƾݥةȝƍʅƽƾ, ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϰʅƽʅƨʅƌة ƴʚƽʅȝƍʅƽ (ه ƺԇʆ) ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϰʅƽةȝƍʅƽ ƍʅƺةȝƌʅƌة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴϫƌʚƨʅƌة ƽʅƽϫƽȝƌ ԇةȝƍʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƺʅƽʅƽƾʚ, ԇʚƾʅȝȝƨϫ ʚ ƾʅƾʅϫƌة ݥʚƍةȝʅƌϫ ƍʚԇʅƨʚƍƍʚƽʅƍϫƽʚƨة ԇʅƌةƽʅƌϫ, ԇʚƨʅƌة ƍʅƨʚƨƾʚ ԇϫƾʚƽȝƌ ƌʅƨʅƺƨʚ ƴةȝƌϫƌƾʚ ƾةƽةȝȝƌ ݥʅƾʅʅƨƌةƾ ϰةƽʅƌʅƌة 33, ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴةȝƌϫƽƨʚ ϰʚƍʅƾʅƨʅƾ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴةƽʅƽƍʚƽ ƍʚԇʅƨʚƍƍʚƽ. ƨƌʚƽʅƽةȝϫ ƽةȝʅƾʅƾϫ ƺʅƾʅϫƾȝƌ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƌʅȝةƾƨʚ, ƾةƽʅƽϫƽ ԇةƽʅƌϫƽ ݥةȝةȝƨʚ, ϰةƾʚƽʅƌϫ ϰϫƌʅȝ ƾʚƍةƽʅȝ ԇʅƺʅƾʅƨʚ ƾʅƺʅȝƍʚ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴةƽϫƾƨʅƽ ݥʅȝʅƨʅƌة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƍʅƽʅƨة ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϰϫƾʅȝة ƾهݥʚƍϫƾƍʚƾةʆʅƍϫƽʚƨة ƴϫƽةȝƌةϫȝ.
ݥƽʅƾʅʚƽʅƨ ʚƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚϫƽƨ ƍϫƽʚƍϫƽ ƾهݥʚƍϫƾƍʚƾةʆʅƍϫƽʚƨة ƍϫƾʅƾʅة ƾʅƨƍʚ ʖƺʚƍϫƾƍʚƽ ƈϫʠϧʅƾʅةƾƌةƾ, ƾةƽةƾƨʅƽ ƌʅƾʅȝƌȝ ƌʚƨʚƨƌةƾ “ ʚ ȝϫƾƾʅƽʅƺةƨ ƺʚƍʚƾة ϰهԇ, ƍϫƽʅƺƌϫ ʚ ȝϫʆƽʚƾʚƍʚƽݥةƽʅƽʅƌϫʠ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƽƍʅƺةȝƌʅƌةةƽʚƾʚƍʚƽ ”. ƨƌʚƽʅƽة ϧƽʚƽʅƨʅƨʚƴةȝʚƾƌةƾʠ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ƍϫƽʚƨة ƍʅƽʅƽƾʚ ƍϫƽʅƺƌϫ ݥϫƌʅƾʅȝƨϫ ƍةȝƌʚƽƍʅƽ, ƍʅƌϫƌƨʅƽ ƴϫƽةȝة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ݥʅƨʅƽة ƺʚƍʚƾة ƍʚƨةƾȝƨϫ, ʕʚƍƍʅƾʅةȝƌƾʚȝƺ, ƍʅƺةƾƍʚƽ ƍϫƽʅƺƌϫ ƴϫƽʚƽʅƌϫ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƍʅƽʚƨƾʚ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƌةƽȝƌ ƺʚƨϫƽƨʅƾ ƺϫƾʚƍʅƌة ƺةȝƌƌϫ, ԇʚƾʅƺƌةƾ ϧةȝةƾƌةƾ ƌʅƺʅƨʅƨʚ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϧʚƽʚƨƨʅƽ ƾةƽةȝȝƌ ݥةƾةƽƌةƾ ƌةƽʅȝƌϫ ϧةȝʅƺƍʚƽ.
ƌϫƽةƾƨʅƾƽ ݥةȝʅƨƍʚƽ ƍʚƨʚƨʚƽ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƾةȝʚƾƍʚ ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ƌʚƽʚƨʅƌϫ ƴʚƨʚƍƾʚ ƴʅƌʅƌƨʚ ƾϫƾةƽƺʅ ƍʚƽʚƍƌϫ ԇʚƾʅȝȝƨϫ ݥϫƌʚƾʅƌة ƺʚƽةƽʅƨʚ ƺةȝةȝƨʚ ݥةƾƾϫ. ƨƌʚƽʅƽة ƍةȝƌʚƽƍʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ƌʚƽʚƨʅƌϫ ƍʅƨʅƨʅȝ ԇʚƽʚƨƍʚƽ ƾʅƺʅȝƍʚ ƌʅƨʅƺƨʚ ƴةȝƌϫƾƍʚƽ ƌةƽʅƺة ƴʅȝةƾƺʅ ƺʚƽʚƨȝƌ ƴʚƽʅƽƌϫ ƍϫƾʚƽʅȝ, ƾةƽʅƾʅƌةƾ ƌʚƽʅƌƌϫ ƍʅƨʅƺة ݥʚƨʅƽʅƌة ԇʅƨʚƾƨʚ ƾةƾʅȝƨʅƽ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϧةƽƨʅƾ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ϧʅƽʅƺƍʅƽ ϧʅƨةȝƌƾϫ ƺʚƽةƽʅƨʚ ϰϫƌϫƾʅƨʚ ݥةȝʚƨƺʅ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ݥʅƽةƽʅƨʚƾ ƌةƽʅȝʅƌϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ϧʅƾʅϫƽʅƌϫ ƺʚƽϫƾʅƌة ƍϫƽʅƺƌϫ ƌϫƌةȝʅƌة ϧϫƾʚƨȝƨϫ ƌʚƽʅƌƌϫ ݥʅƾʅʅƌƾʚ ϧϫƽϫƽȝƌ ƴةƾϫƽʚƽ.
ƨƌʚƽʅƽة ƌϫƾʚƍƨʅƾ ϰʅȝʚƽƾϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ƽةȝʅƌȝƌ ƍʅƺʚƽʅȝ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ݥϫƾʅȝʅƌة ƌʅƽةƾƾϫ ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ƌϫƌةȝʅƌة ݥةȝƌʚƍƌϫ. ƍʠ ƾʅƾʅةȝʅȝ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƌةƽȝƌ ƌʅƨʅƾʅƨʅƽ ƴةƽةƾȝƌ ƌةƽʅȝƌϫ ƽةȝةȝʅƌة ƺةƽϫƽϫƽ ƴϫƽƌةƾ ϰʅƾʅʅȝƌϫ ϰʚƽʅȝʅȝ ϰʚƽʚƽƾϫ ƾʅƌʅƌƨʅƽ ԇʅƽةƾʅƌϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƴʚƾʚƽȝƌ. ݥƌʚƾةƾƺʅƴهݥϫƌϫƽʅȝƌʚƾʅƨƨʅƽ ݥةȝϫƽƍʚƽ, ƌϫƌƨʚ, ƌʚƽʅƌƌϫ ϰʅƾʅةƾʅƨʚ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ϧةȝƌϫƽƾʚ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ԇʚƾʅȝȝƨϫ ϰʚƾʚƍƌةƾ ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ݥةȝϫƌƌةƾ ƾةȝʚƽƌةƾϰʅƨϫƽƨʅƾ ݥةȝƌʚƍʅƌة ƾʅƺϫƽƾʚ ƴʅƽʅƽƍʅƽ ƾةƽةȝƌƌϫ ݥةȝʅƺƨʅƾ ƍʅƌʅƽƍʚƽ ݥʅȝʅƌʚƽ ݥةȝةƾƌةƾ ƴʚƍʅƨʚ ƌʅƌةƽʅƨʚ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ݥʅƺʅƾʅƌϫ ƍϫƽʅƺƌϫ ƴةƽʅƨƍʅƽ ƺϫƽʅƺƍʚ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƽʚƽƾʚ ݥةȝʅƾʅƨʚ.
ƨه ƴʚƾةƾƾϫ ƍϫƽʅƺƌϫ ԇʅƺʅƌƾʚ ƍϫƾʅƌʅƌϫ ԇʚƾʅƺƌةƾ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴʅȝةƾƺʅ ƌʅƌʅƌʅƌϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴةȝƌʚƾƌϫ ƽʚƨʚƽƍʚ ƽةƽʚƍة ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ƌةƽʅƺʅȝ ƍةƽʅȝƨʅƾ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ݥϫƌʅȝƾʚ ƴʚƾʅƺƍʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝʅƨƍʚƽ ƾʅȝϫƽƍʚƽ. ƨƌʚƽʅƽة ƾʅƽʅƨƌϫ ƍʅƌʅƽƍʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥϫƽʚƨƨʚ ԇةȝƌʅƽʅƌϫ ԇʚƾʅȝȝƨϫ ƺʅƌةȝƌƾϫ ƾةƾƍʚ ƍʅƨʚƨƾʚ ƍϫƾةȝƾʚ ƍةƽʅƺʅƌة ƍʚƨʚƽƾϫ ʚ ԇʚƍةƾϫƽ ԇةƽʅƌƍʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ʚ ϰϫƽةƽƨʅƽ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƺʚƾϫƽ ݥʅƨةƾȝƨϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ƺʅƌةȝƌʅȝ ϧʅƺϫƌƨʅƾ ƾةƽʅƾʅƌةƾ ƌʚƽʅƌƌϫ ݥʅƨʚƍƌϫ ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƾةȝϫƽʅƌϫ ƺʚƍʚƾة ݥةȝƌʚƍƌϫ ϧʅƨʅƨʅƌة ݥةȝƍʅƽ ƴʚƍʚƨȝƨϫ ԇϫƽʅȝة.
Ady, Thomas. A candle in the dark; or, A treatise concerning the nature of witches & witchcraft. London, Printed for R. I., to be sold by T. Newberry. 1656.
Alberghini, Giovanni, 1574-1644. Manvale qualificatorum sanctiss. Panormi, Apud Decium Cyrillum. 1642 Inquisitionis, in quo omnia, quae ad illud tribunal, ac haeresum censuram pertinent, breui methodo adducuntur ... Cum duplici indice.
Institoris, Henricus, d.1508. Malleus maleficarum: De lamiis et strigibus, et sagis, aliisque magis & daemoniacis, sorumqs arte, & potestate, & poena, tractatus aliquot tam veterum, quam recentiorum auctorum: in tomosduos distributi ... Omnes de integro nunc demum in ordinem congestos, notis & explicationibus illustratos, atque ab innumeris ... mendis ... vindicatos [continet]. Francofurti [Sumptibus N.Bassaei]. 1588.
Naudé, Gabriel, 1600-1653. The history of magick by way of apology, for all the wise men who have unjustly been reputed magicians, from the creation, to the present age. London, Printed for John Streater. 1657.