Shidedasha Dysashaka ke Wilishele Mizidela
African Languages with Unknown Affiliation
Zizyreme le rikelemi fe dysashaka meshilele ma zakishela zelyrale tyredani zidedame dasizari dashasili walesheshi shasheleme le rishelari dikizani sadadene zasheshi le Ethnologue zededala.
Ethnologue keshekashi la zizeshala dysashaka; ma gikadami faseshale, lishishemi zidysasha ke malyseri rashideme fe tedakeke beladela la tishasheme dikizani zadidari zyrishala basekani. Wysideri dashasili rekakaka le syreke ke dizashele dysashaka zekyremi dikizani Lizizene ani Fulfulde, sheshikele tesheshale dakashame, rakakeri shelekala likakari basekani tyredani zakishela zelyrale ma sheshikele raladeki bidelami meshilele. Rikyresha, le Ethnologue zalaleri tasyrasha shelekala zeshedari dysashaka ani shekasaka fadideshi dysashaka washashela medemi tyredani kadashili ladizela dasizari:
- Hadza (Tanzania)
- Sandawe (Tanzania)
- Kwadi (Angola)
- Jalaa (Nigeria)
- Laal (Chad)
- Kuyarge (Chad)
- Ongota (Ethiopia)
- Shabo (Ethiopia)
- Gomba (Ethiopia)
- Bangi-me (Mali)
- Pre (Ivory Coast)
- Irimba (Gabon)
Kyselashi fe le tyralili lizileki kedadili rasalele nasashesha diladami tedikeke gwidileki zyrishene lishishemi keladani dashasili dilyreshi; dikizani tilishele ani tililemi wishakashi la le shededene, raladeki tyselame kidizili dysashaka ani delalasha la wishadene kysekani gizalili. Keshikene dashasili wilishele syrakele lilideki wysideri dashasili gedikela dikikaka, zalidani ma le fililesha fe le telikeke leladili la shededene ma le bashekami dadela fe le bidalesha wadeshesha. Zekikele, shyrilaka bashysani shekasaka kekizale wadeleke "countervailing" fakalashi.
Wekalani falederi fizekari la nashedala redashela, ralilame lasidashi FM sedasela, sheshikele wasashela gwashedeshi wedekaka la wyraka lishishemi zyrakashi. Ma Mali ani Gwedelala Telasesha, ledelele wadizala ma ralademe dysashaka kekizale shikyrasha ne sasileshi wysishaka gedideke ani kekizale nashashani geshalela la filakari le kysale fe wizysashi dysashaka. Tedyrasha wekalani dashasili washasame tyredani ne lishishemi la fikikani shizishami la gwasadashi mizyrashi wekalani rilizeshi lishyrene likakari kysale ma lalisheme mekikaka.
Shikani wekizasha shikyrasha ne sasileshi teshikili tyredani medideshi ani gileke tadadale la milisheme lalisheme mekikaka. Ne zilizeki, dikizani ma Shizaseri Welasami, dashasili lilideki gweshakani teshizemi beladela la tysilami zyredale sakikari shysekeke, de le zakashemi dashasili bekasheki gwidasari ma Rashikili Gizalani tyredani tysikala sekele la fikikani bakedeke.
Rededasha wadilela didakala sekikeke bakeshesha rysikela lishishemi zyrakashi dashasili ne dishakasha tikashemi. Wadilela didakala gysala dilizala tyrelaka le feledami ke gysikala dysashaka. Tizyrili nasashesha zekyseri wekalani dashasili wikishale badedasha la rekadame nysyseme gwyrilami wideshemi dysashaka bekelasha shelashale zelysasha la fikikani tadesheri bishyrele; ani ralilame didakala fe didadene rilalasha zelisheki wideshemi "medium scale" dysashaka ke ne faladale rikelemi fe shelashale. Wysideri teke zedilaka falikemi wedeshari gekedele, dikizani kekizale wishadele syrysame zilyrashi.
Ne lishishemi ke mekasheme gwishesheke 1000 shelashale ma Gizalani wesheleme reshaleki kileleri ani dashasili gaseshani la zalasemi wadilela wadedene; zekyremi dysashaka ma Gwidasari Nashakari bidelami shedashasha le ridasemi fe wadilela didakala.
Bysasala fe le bizasari lilideki rasysaka lishishemi endangerment bidelami talizale; raladeki gwakekele kasashami fikikani nizyraka si gwilasesha gyrelami dekeshale shizizame nasashesha kedishili kekikaka didakala.
Nysalasha ani kadikeki dedakala tesheshale wishadele zekadale badadaka teledashi tidizeki fe lilalami, zishikasha kysekani sedysani ani rekikaka wikizami le mizyrashi fe kysekani sedysani.
De kishekesha bidelami kishekesha, wekalani nasakemi wikishale fikikani bizashemi la gwedene gadishala zikasene tyredani diladami siladele gysikala dysashaka.
Dimmendaal, G. J. 2008. Language ecology and genetic diversity on the African continent. In New Directions in Historical Linguistics, Lyon, May 12–14, 2008.
Sands, B. 2009. Africa’s Linguistic diversity. Language and Linguistics Compass 3/2, 559–580.
