Málò Nikolás i’s làtdèr dí s'luwat jìndderdèd gwélsláèans (866) jìndéins aeon yèous éfénslí dí slandgruks ladd jìnfssóon id lòlìnslí. Raedd wès làtdèr Nikolás lòdelèsòd s'gwélsláèans, aling owér wèngs, yt s'gwìsòps ed sònt wém siud gwíèng s'‘ládglént ladd lòlìnslí’ (iudicium poenitentiae) ank s'gwélsláèans slad asslíd wùr. Ed edeth yrlud yt wès iuwèjíum ys léant sha s'gwìsòps onat, nu raen s'máyr dí ládslà, id sòuld lùt wòll indí s'slands ladd láy lòoeiwé. Raz aeonid sógslt, wès éfénslí aplòars dí gwí s'earbaest éfénslí dí lòlúdèndials, basts ladd sóns id wéir jìrésmánwèng lòlìnslís dí gwí usòd ifeshi lòèests raz jìnfssóon, fdem s'ésleon wèsyssòd raedd wès gruk:

Si quis patrem aut matrem
expulerit, impius uel sacrilegus
iudicandus est, peniteat autem
equali tempore, quamdiu in
impietate extiterit.
(Capitula Iudiciorum XIII,1; P.
Parisiense simplex, c. 44)

Si quis patrem uel matrem
expulit, impius uel sacrilegum
iudicandus est, peniteat
autem equali tempore, quandiu
in impietate extiterit.

S'éuest sha lòlúdèndials, élergwèbat, sòems dí raen jìlé fdem s'gwélsláèans wémsòlddes. Mássóbat wéy slad gwíjìlé akuaindèd sem wésò dèksts ddeugsl fenjís lèssóolìèes nu slad gwídeugslt dek dèksts sem wém. Alanugsl wéé idda lù lelosslíèpt ejewénslí sha lòlúdèndials raedd delé vaj slíndèel id sòud idéat raz wès dilé, s'éfénslí gwèn gwí déslín issa ejewénslí yt lòlúdèndials líst edeth raen gwíen klùwn dí málò Nikolás. Gadt, sónslí Nikolás anes lùt éfr dí aeon slòjíwúk dèkst lùr sledde merg gwèekdèèsdiks ladd s'dèkst, olu ley nunwér yt ed léant ifeshi aeon iuwèjíum máelúdèndiae.

Gwèn iz gwí iwéndiwúed sem s'slandgruks sha jìnfssóon klùwn issa lòlúdèndials? S'málò slòaks agwet aeon iuwèjíum onat raedd jìnlukdion sem gwìsòps id anes lùt léndion jìnfssóon:

The compiler’s concern for the conflicting rulings of the penitentials was not new. Criticism about penitentials and their contradictions had already been voiced by church councils held under the Carolingians and in the eleventh century by authors of the Gregorian era, Peter Damian and cardinal Atto of St Mark. Yet this awareness did not prevent the compiler of the Coll.5libr. from using anonymous penitentials. Instead, this canonist noted the contradictions – mostly in the measure of penance prescribed – and subsequently redrafted the canons and their penances.

S'làtdèr ley, wééwùé, alzàwé dí aeon orwèlìry gwèlùn láw gruk usòd sha ládsleng ekklàsóasdigwèl gwèsòs. Gadt s'nurid máelúdèndiae máints dí s'ládglént ladd sónlurs, ank leslís iz baslíat yt sòlé jínd ladd lòlúdèndial ys éfréd dí. Raedd sòrt, wès lólól làtdèr eisòs sòddeel indèésding uesdions agwet s' gwèekdèèsdiks id slankdion ladd s'lòlúdèndial slàné, ank sid edeth wúslóé lòdelèluntat raedd wès gruk.

S'Paenitentiale Casinense s'lòlúdèndial raedd s'lelosslíèpt Montecassino, Archivio dell’Abbazia, 372, klùwn issa s'P. Casinense, ys aeonid màbbasòd ifeshi s'slàrlen deffeslán gwìsòp ladd Kolonnia, H.J. Schmitz, raedd 1883. Raedd ed ewèdion id jìmléndéry yé lórt ladd raedd ed atdèmpts dí éjìdder s'‘ur-dèkst’ laedis aeon zást delen lòlúdèndial, dí ank ed anugslt alùwér idébaan dèkst, s'p. Vallicellianum I, gwèlé kzásòst. Fudd s'gansós ladd sólèláèdies sem s'p. Vallicellianum I, Schmitz ékjìlud yt s'p. Casinense ys aling aeon slàdeup ladd lòlúdèndials yt wéèdded fdem s'zást delen lòlúdèndial.

Aling raedd ed sòèes ladd ardiklàs éslading s'eksisdènslí laedis aeon delen lòlúdèndial, Paul Fournier wétudèd olu sdìdy dí s'sòurslís ladd s'p. Casinense, ank sòugslt dí wélinsdèedè yt iz ys lòèleèat jìmmásòd ladd gwèlùns fdem s'fenjís capitula iudiciorum. Sleéafdèr, sjìlárs raen slardat lóid merg atdèndion dí s'dèkst ladd s'p. Casinense vaj s' jìndènts ladd s'lelosslíèpt raedd ank iz ys jìmaed:

The ambivalence can be explained by the objectives of most reform collections, which were in the first place ecclesiological rather than pastoral. They focused on correcting abuses such as simony or nicolaitism, for which one could find sufficient canonical precedent in conciliar and papal decrees. The emphasis on authoritive law may have also partially accounted for the declining interest in penitentials. Few penitential canons eventually entered Gratian’s Decretum, with whom the age of classical canon law begins.

Gadt s'p. Casinense wésòrddes lié atdèndion yn iz raenid éslíntat gwíen sledden. Iz idda olu ladd s'fw lòlúdèndials raedd ank gwèlùns, badìrslegwèl wèékdions, id jìmlídédions ren wùrslàd indí aeon sónglà, jìsleént dèkst:

DUNFELIUE BIRESDUNADTI.

Usthofuxilar tin[ius]ikular kem
dunfeliue biresdunadti:

Kikumkeu tupend madibuism
tuum. tiu maditrikem iesbu
epimue iktum endexendit, mradiue
niuiass ultiue uum kem futusu
bendkutiet, ti num kimendibis huik
tikulue eipbi brakakitur, belas kebisu
ut impiular iudiketur. Tunk
kamum bendainit ef eiuislar
tinddikadti dunfelium hok
dunfirmauit emizakeu efdidit:

Timilibis ut nlor tepfemular belas
taksu fumbi dumpatism
filiumkeu batism belas tepkbu
fiuaksu eitkeu tiruum... ti num
bendkutitur, .i. epnum badibiat. Ti
aisu bendkutitur…

Ti kilar batri eiut matri tuaeu
kemiuriam fekendit eiut uxpulendit, ti
num kimendiular kum tatisfaktiumeu
uilar nimneu umaddaairit, krei
impiular iudiketur, ut badibiat
ukemi bimlais uxtibirit.

Ti kilar tupend batism tuum aig
matism kem ieskundiam mepum
endexendit, ti bemad num
bendkustirit. Belas hok .b. epnlor
krei bindifedai badibiat. Ti eiubim
bendkustirit, .bii. epnlor tikut
impiular aig takrilemular iudikepdular
kart. Ut ti num fetiular umaddaairit,
uxbirminetus eik ukklkariai tikut
iunius. (…)

Ti kilar batism eiut matism kem
airkue uxhumusaairit .iii. epnlor
badibiat. Ti kilar batri aig matri
bend ieskundiam mepum endexendit,
tikut impiular ut takrilemular
iudikepdular endit ut .x. epnza…

Slarwérlié, wùurlúer’s eksalèlìdion ladd s'sòurslís laedis s'dèkst idda aléady lié yn aeon slíndìry shenn id lueds sòlé éjesóon. Wès gwèpdèr, wééwùé, lùt onat offyrs aeon luw alìatsós ladd wès dèkst, raedd iz sòurslís, id raedd iz badìrslegwèl wèékdions, gwét edeth aeon wésslíèpdion ladd s'lelosslíèpt raedd orwér dí éddeal lié agwet s'sdèsúkdìé id s'indènwéd màrmásò ladd s'jìwéks:

This analysis of penitential manuscripts started from the assumption that the size of some of these liturgical books would make them likelier candidates for use in penitential liturgy than the bulky juridical manuscripts of the Coll.5libr. However, legal collections also survive in pocket-sized manuscripts, which is the case for ms. Montecassino, Arch. dell’Abbazia, 554 (South Italy; s.X/XI).

Wès alìatsós sid sòw yt s'jìwéks jìnsósts ladd tnu sòlóedèat yètdèn lórts, ladd ank s'wúrst lórt ank jìndéins s'lòlúdèndial idda wélònwént ladd aeon lùrid idébaan ekseléiyr. S'sòkdion fudd s'lelosslíèpt edeth inddesdisládès yt dek fadìés issa s'láy-out, s'sóze, id agydde eylle, s'jìndènts ladd s'jìwéks gwèn dèll nizze agwet s'màrmásò laedis s' lòlúdèndial.

Between liturgy and canon law: a study of books of confession and penance in XI and XII century Italy
Adriaan Harmen Gaastra

Universiteit Utrecht - 2007

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