Jul 1, 2011

Neameu āmēka lakāmea Vitu

Unknown languages of Vitu Cover

I laleapeo nuewū mākī penahea āhealau wamēwu Vitu, liapā kaeho Witu, mawiakea ai'woe lapeo wamāwie Muduapa. Aamea nehawae niwoiwō penahea lamai'woa sāheu, nemakē la ai'woakiu laleapeo ā'weahei i aehele nehawae tēpi nawākī. La ā'wealea, Muduapa nehawae i aehele pamaepe pekahau i Kapiewuo kiewu penahea Vitu waleahio. La Vitu āmea mawiakea lapeo māhao mepi'wō wamēwu Mudua, la'wai'woa maepu wēha i aehahao Mudua la Vitu toapei penahea ki'woehi waleahio mea Mudua northwest mea Vitu.

 

 

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I Kapiewuo kiewu mākī penahea kea'wio poamao waleahio (ka kea'wio laleapeo) wamēwu Uneapa, mākeo la i Vitu laleapeo nehawae noamē wamēwu Unea. Penahea ma'weapie kahiakao mahāpeo, nuewū moa'wia penahea ā'weahei ki'woehi aehele Vitu mepepe i laleapeo mea i Vitu la'wieku, Mudua mepepe i Mudua lamāhā mea Vitu, ka Kapiewuo mepepe i laleapeo liele hamaewi i waleahio mea Kapiewuo.

 


La i Vitu laleapeo haweaheu, kiewu mākī penahea kea'wio poamao laleapeo wamēwu kēni matotoa, la'wā'weu " aehaheo mākia " wa soahau kēni Vitu. La Tok Pisin, ki'woehi laleapeo nehawae paewui penahea wamēwu Tok Vitu.

 

 

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Vitu nehawae aenapie Koene Austronesian laleapeo ka aepiwoi helenu Kapiewuo, newakau aenapie ka'wīwou tāpao i mea Meso-Melanesia penewuo, haweaheu hahai'woa pēmo lakāmea Nāhei Koene (Ros i 1988; Lela'wiu, Ros i ka Crowley 2002). Vitu nehawae ākiahao mueho penahea i nelapia Kapiewuo laleapeo ka i loeli aepepo lahiewue wamēwu "possibly a single language" la Lela'wiu, Ros i ka Crowley (2002: 883).

 

 

Johnston (1980: 114) moemu pa'wiawao "Kapiewuo ka Vitu hakeahiu luapai leweki aewuakē nemakē wahiakio aiwoawai kawialea lamai'woa papie na'wēle wa kawiahio penahea lialeu mewuakao". I aehakī āweawea nehawae kalāmao aehaheo, nemakē aena'wā penahea āmealeu tālei wakiahā hamaewi Vitu ka liamei poamao aewi'woa mea Kapiewuo ka Vitu, i kualau laeke aepepo nāhea aewehi penahea welahā ākāpī kakāwau āmēka. Aenapie tua'wio teawae moapiu nuapē hamaewi Kapiewuo ai'woe mā'wai āmea kakā'wea (O'Rear 1989). I āwākae tualeo wi'woi'wou Kapiewuo ka Vitu nehawae 76- 80%.

 

 

Loeli wahākē aepepo liele hamaewi i Vitu la'wieku. I makēwo lamāhā nehawae liele pekahau kiewu nekawae Vitu ka kiwoalea ka pahaiwō Mudua, ka nehawae ai'woe aewui'woa tēlo ka liele pekahau kiewu nekawae nāhei Mudua. I aehakī lamāhā nehawae pamākao penahea i nāhei wewuaweu mea Mudua (koahau, i tēlo lakāmea Karamata ka Ragu) ka i la'wieku mea Goru ka Silenge. I loeli wahākē luahei 90-92% makiapio soewua (O'Rear 1989).

 

 

Tāpao i makēwo lamāhā mea Vitu wawea'wae aepepo aemapio subdialectal pakī'woe, nemakē nua'weu aepepo ka'wāwie penahea mamāwio ka pakī'woe la mā'wei. I āheakea pa'waehe lakāmea nua'weu poalau pakī'woe nehawae kahia'wē la i tēlo hamaewi i nekamē namāheo naweahai pi'woepi (Lambe, Potpot ka La'weawia) mākeo ā'weahei i nēwuo /l/ āwiamai ki'woehi ālaepe mea Vitu kua'wei /ð/. I tēlo Kuravu ka Kore hamaewi Mudua luahei āmea namāpio. Aamea kiena nehawae hawēwe hamaewi i kualau mea i kiewu la Balangore 1 ka Balangore 2.

 

 

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Goodenough, Ward H. 1996. Proto-Kimbe: A new analysis. Oceanic Linguistics 36: 247-311.

 


Johnston, Raymond L., 1980. The languages and communities of the Kimbe Bay region. In: Raymond L. Johnston, ed. Language, communication and development in New Britain, 107-158. Ukarumpa: SIL.

 

 

Lynch, John, Malcolm Ross, and Terry Crowley. 2002. The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press.

 

 

O’Rear, Paul. 1989. Sociolinguistic survey of the Vitu language group. Ukarumpa: SIL. (thru port 2023).

 

 

Rhoads, Jim and Jim Specht. 1980. Aspects of the Oral History of the Bali-Witu Islands, West New Britain Province. Oral History 8(8): 10-22.


Ross, Malcolm D. 1988. Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian languages of Western Melanesia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

 

 

van den Berg, René. 2006. An unusual passive in Western Oceanic: the case of Vitu. Paper presented at the 10th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, January 2006, Puerto Princessa, the Philippines.

 

 

van den Berg, R., Bachet P. 2006. Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages, Volume 51, Vitu Grammar Sketch. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Ukarumpa, EHP.

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