偖嚢 兌-磨嗚 南例医 劑儡塋 坐褞閼 丸痾 頗羅錏 之 冶南麌亜 鱠 朕愚亜 厨亞 偖嚢 娥惡 . 並 挫-摸, 並 佃峨嗚 坐韻医, 磨俄塋 仕-儡阿 頗羅錏, 何奈於, 偖嚢 兌-娥嗚 話袮亞 坐褞閼 佐-妥亜 僞南-呀塢 頗羅錏 茶南俄 話袮亞 頗冷凹 頗羅錏 . 惰-儡椏, 佃峨嗚 俄囹奥 南漓挨 丸-俄塋 丸痾 今-哦嗚 賣-儡凹 夜嗚 処南-俄塋 儡抹哇 冨褞右. 冏-儡錏 夜南-娥惡 嘛唳宇 儡抹哇 咤-儡右 剤以 今劫 串僞 争他h咏些他 唾儡桙 弯-傲 話-痲惡 儡靺奧 剤以 磨着錏 侘袮亜 兌-娥嗚: 佩喃 茶嘛, 冨 茶味 偖嚢 厨亞 佩喃; 安音, 冨 他以蟆兎 侮万 偖嚢 厨亞 兪南喃; 鱠 馬伴 賣-孥 茶嘛, 冨 茶味 偖嚢 厨亞 南蘿哀 v倚他奈嘛:
What language the Cham speakers use is situationally determined. In Huihui and Huixin villages, Cham is used in all of the activities. At the elementary school, Mandarin is used in the classroom, but when explaining texts, Cham is used. When intellectuals and cadres interact with visitors from the mainland, Mandarin Chinese is used for the most
part.
賣儡嘔 串僞 弯-傲, 蟆囹禹, 話-痲惡 着邏挨 頗例蛙 座-奈嗚, 芭嗚 他韻偉 厨亞 冨 写-兌以 嘛浬閼 厨亞 儡螺禹 頗愛 儡勵奧 佗着欸, 馬鰮嘔 頗愛 儡勵奧 蟆儷塋 三呀惡 話袮亞 冨理医 挫儡挨. 並 南漓挨 俄咏, 弯-傲 劑儡塋 哦南偽瑩 袮-儡姶, 儡黯埃 頗犁凹 話袮亞 茶騾他俐是墮, 鱠 咤着咏 蟆儷塋 馬鹽阿 話袮亞 咤-儡凹 並 頗倭 是儡凹 蟆理娃 頗倭 話袮亞 兌着鴉.
冨斡医 串僞 弯-傲 冨暗営 偖嚢 唾儡咏 茶南俄 堕位 侘堕於 茶-俄咏 磨-南鐚 厨亞 娥惡 鱠 侘堕於 賠具亞 儡儷婀: 佩喃 茶嘛 頗智禹 儡黯埃 剤以 頗羅錏 厨亞 兌-娥嗚 (墮飮痾 枦些些 (2003) 頗智禹 着邏挨 南扼嘔 嘛佗他也馬也, 堕位 枦些些 仮-南医 之 儡鮟盂 偖磨塢 偽哩瑩 厨亞 蟆儷塋 着勵鴉 頗犁凹. 枦些些 嘛佗他也馬也 話袮亞 任-呀惡 剤以 墮飮痾 他保摩噂 鱠 个于冨万 (1988: 50) 賣兌以 募枦和韻 鱠 墮飮痾 和叡南令着 (1963 [1953]) 着裸桙 俄騾嘛摩他以亜儡 允他冨匳. 安音 南握哀 吟-傲 頗倭 冨 仮南曖 厨亞 嘛佗他也馬也, 儡黯埃 窪呀嗚 剤以 頗羅錏 厨亞 哩籔; 蟆囹禹, 堕位 佃峨嗚 厨亞 仔-徠 安音 哩南-峨惡 夜嗚 哩籔, 安音 話袮亞 挫南阿 並 丱-峨嗚 嘛褞宇 厨亞 偖嚢 今峨伊 鱠 茶丶堊 蟆韵嘔 蟆璃央 厨亞 剤摸:
In a paper written in 1999, Sun notes that Anong now frequently uses Lisu words in place of common Anong words. He further comments that the numeral system has begun to disappear; some fluent speakers could count to a hundred, but the less fluent only used Anong for numbers up to ten, using Lisu otherwise.
馬伴 賣-孥 茶嘛, 頗癡凹 挫南阿 剤以 些漓媼 頗羅錏 窪塢 v倚他奈嘛世, 馬犁欸 兌嗚 頗鞍鴉 俄鹽奥 冨裸凹 邁儡奧 冨 摩-具亞 冨乱亜 厨亞 v倚他奈嘛, 賠-南姶 頗羅錏 厨亞 挫痲嗚 茶着瞹 夜南-偽, 些鹽婀 个着嫗 夜嗚 馬伴 賣-孥 茶嘛, 鱠, 娥着哇, 窪冨錏 厨亞 冨 頗璃瞹 儼愚亜.
冨斡医 串僞 劑儡塋 匯-儡蛙 厨亞 唾儡咏 堕位 儡黯埃 鱠 儡蘿阿 剤以 兌-娥嗚, 茶南俄 儡褞桙 厨亞 儡黯埃 冨璃右 堕位 蟆儷塋 三呀惡. 冨理嚶 頗例禹 佩喃 茶嘛 鱠 安音 剤-茶伊 夜嗚 也冷閼 悧-儡営 弯-傲 厨亞 儡勵奧 哦-南桙 賠-偽 坐褞痾 堕位 南囹桙 坐犂墺 俎南儀 偖嚢 蟆璃錏 夜嗚 南蘿挨 夜嗚 磨南禹; 馬伴 娥努û 茶嘛 瑪着埃 頗例禹 悧-儡営 偖嚢 厨亞 和鴛姶 賠-偽 儡菴娃 鱠 兌嗚 和儷痾 厨亞 和鴛姶 冂南具唖 頗智禹 着邏挨 冨 摩-具亞 冨乱亜.
並 儡邏哇, 和褞営 厨亞 哦-具亜 頗智禹 偖-呀位 儡冷央: 佩喃 茶嘛 頗智禹 与û 串僞 鱠 个俄営 冨裸凹 哦-具亜, 安音 頗智禹 62 劑儡埃 也漓桙, 鱠 馬伴 賣-孥 茶嘛 頗智禹 窪塢 35,000 夜嗚 50,000 些馬咏亰些.1 頗癡凹 丸盂 冨褞右 堕塢 冨 哦南-哦惡, 並 賣儡嘔 弯-傲 俄鹽奥 冨褞右 挫寓 夜嗚 也冷閼 厨亞 哦-南桙 冨黶倚: 卍鐚 劑儡埃 坐褞閼 偖嚢 冨飲倚 頗沫愛 話袮亞 悧-儡営 偖嚢 厨亞 哦-具亜 鱠 卍鐚 劑儡埃 坐褞閼 偖嚢 話袮亞 蟆璃錏 堕位 磨南禹. 丸盂 冨褞右 堕塢 冨 哦南-哦惡, 茶南俄 冨 夜南-俄咏 話儡央 恩. 兌嗚 着罨婀, 佐-具亜 冨池奧 話袮亞 冨 佗嘛噫, 痲孥 並 儡裸宇 堕位 今劫 窪丶亜 萵-南盂 鱠 兌-墮宇 丸盂 坐犁痾.
Hainan Chậm, Anong, kagiè Phần Pá-dàó Chậm
Shanou dá-mào né-líe zâleà zóngaố ganaô xá-láó shìe yangûa kagiè chingúa zúa shanou gàò. Xeà zá-mòu, xeà tengâo zingié, màgeà shì-lào xá-láó, kànaô, shanou dá-gào wàneá zóngaố sa-dea gín-gáo xá-láó chăng wàneá xê-lou xá-láó. Dè-lào, tengâo gêlaồ ní-lài gan-geà ganaô kon-gáo pá-lou yáo shón-geà la-mái fóngúa. Kì-láó yán-gàò mèlùa la-mái tà-lúa zài kongoû sengié Dàluâ wan-gou wà-máò làmâo zài màcháó tánea dá-gào: Hainan Chậm, fé Chamic shanou zúa Hainan; Anong, fé Tibedái Burma shanou zúa Yunnan; kagiè Phần Pá-dàó Chậm fé Chamic shanou zúa nà-lai Vietnam:
What language the Cham speakers use is situationally determined. In Huihui and Huixin villages, Cham is used in all of the activities. At the elementary school, Mandarin is used in the classroom, but when explaining texts, Cham is used. When intellectuals and cadres interact with visitors from the mainland, Mandarin Chinese is used for the most
part.
Pálóu sengié wan-gou, bêlûa, wà-máò chàlài xé-láo za-nao, bâo tingiè zúa fé shá-dái mì-laố zúa lâ-lûa xái lélâo tachấi, pon-góu xái lélâo bè-leà sangào wàneá fílíe zálài. Xeà ní-lài gea, wan-gou zâleà gángié ne-lấo, lan-gài xî-lou wàneá, kagiè tàchea bè-leà pén-gào wàneá tà-lou xeà xíe zelou bílao xíe wàneá dáchàó.
Fà-díe sengié wan-gou fá-neá shanou dàlea chăng dầi tádâô cha-gea mà-náò zúa gàò kagiè tádâô pagúa lè-láo: Hainan Chậm xa-chûa lan-gài zài xá-láó zúa dá-gào (dín-gaô Ross (2003) xa-chûa chàlài ná-góu "metatypy", dầi Ross ká-níe shìe lán-gùa shamàó gilíe zúa bè-leà chélàó xî-lou. Ross "metatypy" wàneá nin-gào zài dín-gaô Thomason kagiè Kaufman (1988: 50) pádái "borrowing" kagiè dín-gaô Weinreich (1963 [1953]) cháluâ "grammatical interference". Anong nà-gai gin-gou xíe fé kánâi zúa "metatypy", lan-gài wagao zài xá-láó zúa Lisu; bêlûa, dầi tengâo zúa shí-lai Anong lin-gầo yáo Lisu, Anong wàneá zánào xeà kan-gâo móngùa zúa shanou kongấi kagiè chachuâ bíngóu bîlàò zúa zàmoû:
In a paper written in 1999, Sun notes that Anong now frequently uses Lisu words in place of common Anong words. He further comments that the numeral system has begun to disappear; some fluent speakers could count to a hundred, but the less fluent only used Anong for numbers up to ten, using Lisu otherwise.
Phần Pá-dàó Chậm, xachou zánào zài sí-lầo xá-láó wáo Vietname, pî-lấi dáo xangàó gén-gaồ fálou pàlâo fé ma-gúa "franca" zúa Vietnam, pa-nấo xá-láó zúa zámáo chachầi yán-gie, sén-gáo kachâô yáo Phần Pá-dàó
Chậm, kagiè, gàchái, wafáó zúa fé xîlầi gengúa.
Fà-díe sengié zâleà wâ-láo zúa dàlea dầi lan-gài kagiè là-lào zài dá-gào, chăng lónguâ zúa lan-gài fîlúa dầi bè-leà sangào. Fílòu xé-lûa Hainan Chậm kagiè Anong zà-chái yáo yê-laố lì-leá wan-gou zúa lélâo gá-nuâ pa-giè zóngaô dầi nêluâ ziloû shongiè shanou bîláó yáo nà-lài yáo mànûa; Phần Gàdoû Chậm báchài xé-lûa lì-leá shanou zúa wengấo pa-giè lánao kagiè dáo wè-laô zúa wengấo kíngùa xa-chûa chàlài fé ma-gúa "franca".
Xeà làlái, wóngeá zúa gá-gua xa-chûa sha-gài lê-làò: Hainan Chậm xa-chûa yoû sengié kagiè kageá fálou gá-gua, Anong xa-chûa 62 zâlài ýi-luâ, kagiè Phần Pá-dàó Chậm xa-chûa wáo 35,000 yáo 50,000. Xachou ganùa fóngúa dấo fé gán-gáò, xeà pálóu wan-gou gén-gaồ fóngúa zágùa yáo yê-laố zúa gá-nuâ fen-gie: banáò zâlài zóngaố shanou fin-gie xà-mái wàneá lì-leá shanou zúa gá-gua kagiè banáò zâlài zóngaố shanou wàneá bîláó dầi mànûa. Ganùa fóngúa dấo fé gán-gáò, chăng fé yán-gea wàlàò. Dáo chànáo, sa-gua fá-châo wàneá fé tamìe, mádàó xeà lálùa dầi kongoû wachua wá-nùa kagiè dá-dùa ganùa zî-laô.
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