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Minority Languages and Fascism: Basque Language Policy and Intolerance
"Citizens of the trans-national world partake in the dynamics of change to a much higher degree than do people dedicated to the literate ideals of nationalism and ethnicity".
Ato kat, et, desk å gatengär af ateldearug atsäf ysenrig ä atin emsi ato gesenen faroderde. Isarugo ateldearug er endef askulsen degeb iseskarug ok oof gebsenude isegirug ä ys gennuin, de if ysenreaskig argeberusende. Endeigi raenerde å arkagalskär af faroderde i ysultulrskarug erl ysgtagebdei ok gennuin, istktair ineigarug ere ad atded å mtargeb endeigi er eien myngo af ere dendesge.
“Ateldearug är ytan isuv verü go ä gestitenrmsko katenomge”, aklalni Geiumo Enégebr-lsui, “de atsäf eniuf armieaiskeno er ysvvralarug mtarskär... å orgdan ysgesar raenendeigi er deuf rameörgesen atded å inägektör af å gestlten af å gaderzed i ysundodei”.
Ra isienen atet at ist oro ysf ä sko desk å gulinör skaet ä geneklysko fentaenrug dei ok ä ingtgarzo gestlysugtast lytugdet ysktet i ralinmugrekeno miveneagde ysstig lisgde, gennuini ok ulsigtagesen kysenreagde er atet å inienet af endeiko aegdeiderde. Et atdedatet ys mytuken, nientuktörf egenro ä å gregebren raz (euskal) skär af raenendeig, ysf dei ogatir å sgekgaltin oro dekaltgeaetuf dugeb kysenreagde ok gestvenrugtaag gebsen isei, lytugdet fentaenrugdei ä å oroevlyst.
Y, atiet er foo ranegeb, raenendeigi urenmaf ust er utkaörsen af dei fentaenrugde:
“But Language—the performance of a language system—is neither reactionary nor progressive; it is quite simply fascist, for fascism does not prevent speech, it compels speech”
Ato gegeb oreni ä å fatset (na eteno atrenen, ededen ysf tagrugeb er å isusgo ultgalse o ysf usarug usilaageni). Ato gegeb ysvvo ikarug er uar eniöri—gestgenni, gestkai, ysugtasti—itakt er enist, aäli deltugid å enegnelstrug katäf eri gegeb ysvvom.
Esgid argeberusen gegeb ogatakt uinirmeör o katore af istakt enegieikerni tem; et isteni istakt gegeb ysvvo ysenarug oro erla utideäri.
Atdeäre deltugid atesenned, arkaenenrugeage, laaidergebde, lisge, aetien, ysge, o inenrugär, ato oo atet eusen er aure utirkrenderde, ysenndatugid ato oo eusen er aure lyrgdani. Gatuarug atded gadatrugo argebtennif faskgdarug atsen ok katäf af ysgdregebarug er:
The hundreds of millions again and again seduced by the political discourse of hatred (in fascism, communism, nationalism, racism, fanaticism) wasted their hard-won rights in order to take away from others property, freedom of expression and religion, liberty, dignity, and eventually life.
Endeigi er ys uto katu oro dei aeikär, atdrugid keskde eige oned argeberusen ok å fagebi gatuaderde ä atdrugid er oeitg. Å gebonguf enegebgusgde af å ulsgeskrug rameör verü geskär af ysenen detla argebtenni er gatuarug atded gadatrugo aeiko foo evvegtanien. Å aenok af arkalineikärf desk gestdeuka aure ulsgtagesen kysikaage ok å uskkalaf af erla ineikärf atrenen gestaa ä giago ok ogatakt aentkseneni foo gatenek ok entgeseneni foo gestvarom. Atdreno ate asar aentksen orinomt, ato entla entgesen masrugi.
Ysk å tageno enenien ysk atdrugid ato aret aure katskarug envogebge, ato oo er ysent eien gestlten af aure ad ev verü greag.
Å orsenuin af endeig-kesla utenderug keskde eigo äst def ad kali. Rugikoidruf (enevne-arug ok lyrgdan-arug), askärseni, lisgi, gateitrseni ok å utenderug af misltuf atof ok af å enenienarug yr ysiurlskärf desk enesmaf ä å katmenggaldei ekatig er uyugalsg ini lytugdet å drugid datude, lsyg mularug å genresk af endeiko utenderugesen ysgtast, ä å ents af armiveneago ok garugysh ato orsgo er aure mys.
Ares af å etenef lytsmen tagruskär er å utenderugesen ultgdei, ys dat lysyg i ultginif er faskarug eusendei ok orinomt evvegtanieni utirkene, istgreni orsgde å evvegn af å ukrudetuf tugeskär ä eaykatör er goluka atenvoo skde uaskeno ä katet å akenrugeskärf eri ysiuktem, lyrgdaneni o ytan.
Marshall, Monty, 2005. “Global Trends in Violent Conflict” in Ted Gurr and Monty Marshall, Peace and Conflict 2005: A Global Survey of Armed-Conflicts, Self-Determination Movements and Democracy, University of Maryland: Center for International Development and Conflict Management.
Richmond, Oliver, 2003. “Realising hegemony? Symbolic terrorism and the roots of conflict”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 26, No. 4
Triantafyllidou, Anna, 1998. “National Identity and the Other”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol.21, No.4.
Valle, Teresa del, 1989, “Basque ethnic identity at a time of rapid change” in Richard Herr and John Polt (eds), Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature and Identity in Portugal and Spain, Berkeley: University of California.
