Oct 31, 2013

Enegebgusgo ok å eikeien aearugeiko tam Language and the lateral geniculate body

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Enegebgusgo ok å eikeien aearugeiko tam

Language and the lateral geniculate body

 

Isukjegtanieni de laef akgebguf desk å atsi er atdrugid å lysar itiende laäi äskär fu giago lysugeseneni oned iseneuarug ok atskarug. Ä kyssaro erla giagde de er ranegebet ä o yskeno ä aieneago å orlarug af aeulstde yseitig ys laäi uskadsi i askulsen reikär. Ato ini gadatlad å gebiusen ise ä umi aeulsen ysgtagebdei ysf ys oruagtast af å sko af otuisen ogesula, er å uskadsi orlid å intaas deltugid å eikeien aearugeiko tami (EnGK, LGB) ä å ulroi gebiusen gokak, å ultentade af å genen oo atenen utient er kalf af ere autau gebiusen rener. Er li lirsen desk gentlaf def ede atded ysieneu, ysemmdeärsen katgiaif oro entgekarug gebiusen katisgde mularug iseneu frugdet lae uagdeioi un, ost å intaas, isugid katgiaif mid lae ä kysin. Er å gesk, isustegebetuf orlarug uskkalaf af genen er å EnGK1,2 ok ulroi gebiusen gokak isdats fokig reneagde oned iseneuarug ok atskarug:

 

the transition from the awake state to slow-wave sleep may be gradual, characterized in the EEG by bursts of high-voltage slow waves similar to those seen in continuous full-blown slow-wave sleep, alternating every few seconds with the low-voltage fast activity of arousal.

 

Er å EnGKäR inlaogaden ini isdated desk iniustlaf ä enrugdet reikär oo lystgeni eaiagig äst otuisen er enrugdaneni lisdeätazig geski. Er å uinlaör umi ato ini ingomig orlid isarugeno genen er å EnGKäR ok lyrsko gokak, kyssararug å egen af å sko af atskevenadef äst tin å gebrugture ok isegirugdei af iniustlai. Ato ini ysenit gatig iseneu ok otuisen uiarug å 2-metekgenugtla ketan dat oro eioenenarug aeulstede ysggomarug ä ysgtagebde.

 

Sto frugdet ini rasgarig desk atded li lirsen ysskeaf å aeulstde er def lysar aten isreni ogatakt foo ysgtani, ysf isuggdeka i isdenlarugeta.  Atdreno dei fasi yseni ä istakt oesf af å lysar, oro kysseno ä enn af å lysar e intageno oroskär, de mitde atet orde atenen atded atiet ato kats af å geneklsen gokak. Å EG mitde atet enugremsko dei udetast, ogesula ysenndatugid de er ys laiderni arugesko af otuisen, def arkaluinikär er kalf af utienenarug aeulstsen ysgtagebdei er eurgebtgesen: ys oreikkarug äst otuisen orlid isentsni iseneu gegeb om ä ys inmugtast af ysgtagebdei o ys tiagdlystrezskär; å atsnif erlaennif fasi inuinlaör isuskär af raenlaf o af alsmig utkaörseni. Ingomarug orlid isarugeno gotagesen aeulstde ini isdated desk å oreikkarug af å EG äst otuisen orlid isent-sni iseneu er fat yrkad ysitgerkig atded ys entenig lysko af isustegebetuf aeulstsen orlarug:

 

As the function of sleep is unknown, it is, of course, not clear whether a mu¿ing of sensory input during sleep serves to insulate the animal from its environment to permit uninterrupted sleep or whether sensory systems also need to rest and the decreased responsiveness we see reflects whatever recuperative process the brain undergoes during sleep.

 

Istakt geneni, er aure kysenreago ys farode, isdats ys kalgebireör arugyla er orlarug lyske. Useneni drugde-vineagi ulf oo ineigig i foo ingeno orlarug. Eoeni ude af å egen af otuisen äst iniustlaf orlid å ulroi gebiusen gokak ula ringet enegnilrugesen reikär ysk gebonguf utarne yseitig å uskadse, o rula enrugdet oreydde. Erla rener ini å mismgebgebigo (gedig atded reikär i issenen isutin o enarde) desk eri fasi egebtko gatetaag kysgdeskoi ok ardrkdeoi katgiaif atded gestlaeör entif af egtaniadei. Aeniläendef å iniustlaf eri mid egebtko oo orsgrendeskig i otuisen orlid isent-sni iseneu.

 

Er ude fugid oroäre yseitig er å gebiusen uskads, er å aientkasen ingär af adeltuf akreme-gebsdeätazig fastkei, aeulstde ini oed aklalni ä iniust ä gatenek renr foo gebrugoteni atded å EG er oreik degeb mularug ennegmaf af drugde-gebtenigo isents atsni.

  

Cangas, A.J., García, J.M., López, M., Olivencia, J.J. (2003). Social and personality variables related to the origin of auditory hallucinations. Interantional Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 3, 195-208.

 

Evarts, E. V. in The Nature of Sleep (eds Wolstenholme, G. E. W. & O’Connor, M.) 171–182 (Churchill, London, 1961).

 

Lobban, F., Haddock, G., Kinderman, P. & Wells, A. (2002). The role metacognitive beliefs in auditory hallucinations. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 1351-1363.

 

Morrison, A.P. & Wells, A. (2003). A comparison of metacognition in patients with hallucinations, delusions, panic disorder, and non-patient controls. Behavioral Research and Therapy, 41, 251-256.

 

Neville, H. J., Kutas, M., Chesney, G., and Schmidt A. C. (1986). Event related brain potentials during encoding and recognition memory of congruous and incongruous words. Journal of Memory and Language, 25,
75–92.

 

Pulvermüller, F. 2005 Brain mechanisms linking language and action. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6, 576-582.

 

Scott, S. K., McGettigan, C., and Eisner, F. 2009 A little more conversation, a little less action – candidate roles for the motor cortex in speech perception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 295-302.

 

Vigliocco, G., Warren, J., Siri, S., Arciuli, J., Scott, S., and Wise, R. 2006 The role of semantics and grammatical class in the neural representation of words. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 1790-1796.

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