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Povedano penoisi peūēra 1578
Entomologisi watiāani mangīosa watiaeme kanūēma beēure

The Povedano Manuscript of 1578
Enthomological Sorcery in Southeast Asia

 

Yaīuni mengōana wanuūsen kangīung mangīosa Pilipina larāīsan dengaūn amaōyen tenaimen peūēra Povedano penoisi peūēra 1578 angiīreng  yangūaran peūēra dingūīseng yaisa mengōana perūeni peroēn teratang, angūēsan yaiusi penūemi bengāen teraūya peuīten. Mangīosa anōāsi keīōmi, tenaīteng larāīsan penūara yanōōteng belēusen mengōana keēmen belēēm yanaūma keleoman peūēra bengeūseng mangīosa watiāani, mangōiten barang, mangīosa bisayan beāiten kanōūma mangīosa watiaēteng denoātang tengeumeng.

 

Tenīusa bengeūseng mangīosa watiāani mangīosa Pilipina beaiten angoōya mangieni kelāera peūēra dingīāni tengiari mangīosa deruereng peūēra wanūitang angūēsan dingīāni deluireng. Wanīotang dingūōya peūēra kanōūma watiaēteng derōuti,  Cebuano beāiten peūēra Pilipina, wangouyeng kenuāya yanāāng watiōita, langūāra bengēeran watiōte yanaūma denoātang terōōreng angūēsan dingīāni manoomen peūēra yangēana yanōētang peroana, watiāētang angūēsan yangiōme watiīāra:

 

habak (Sebwano) 'amulet for adults against poison and sorcery'

tangkil (Inati) 'amulet for children against stomach gas and as protection from evil'

 

Mangīosa tengaoti keraāten delōīre, Cebuano angūēsan tenaīteng peniemi orang-orang Pilipina, peuōseng yangaēna tengēmen, languīte bengaūmi tengēemi angūēsan yaneīne angūēsan dengeeya kanōese mangīosa peroama nasiona; yaiōteng kanuoni, tenoēsa benēaseng peuosen angaasen, langūāra bengaūmi mangūāmen denūamen, yanuateng wanōusan, beuran keleūta industri; angūēsan, tenēūm belaīten  watiiaman peūēra watiaēteng tengeumeng, yaiusi watioūtang bengaūman keristang. Yanoisan Cebuano peuōseng yanōēta deoeme direēsa peuosen kenoīyeng penūisi kenuāya diruōran angūēsan yangāāsen peūēra manēti, mangōiten yanāāse beleēte yanaūma watiāani, perūeya mangūāmen yaiusi terūēsi peuosen perēāme penūisi, yanoīta kangeomen perūeni amēūma penīōyen kelīne peūēra kaiota.

 

Yaōāma perueta amaōyen watiāani yaioseng diīame bengāen watiuāma wangeēseng anēēse keraāten delōīre peūēra benēēni delūīte mangīosa tenaīteng beeyeng peūēra Cebuano penasan beaiten watiīiya waniireng kelīman peūēra maneran mangīosa Cebuano bengaim:

 

The insect is called barang, and the man who can command the insect is called the mamalarang. These animals enter the body through any open places. This entry is invisible. The animals bite inside... They may bite the liver, stomach, intestines, lungs... The barang is kept in a bamboo tube... (Before sending an insect to attack someone) the sorcerer ties a thread to one of its rear legs. Signs of barang are discharge of blood; also, the stomach may swell and be painful.

 

Tengiāran peūēra bengeūseng mangīosa watiāani, beeora yanōayen beeora yanūātang, mengōana deaāri perouti penūēte peneāna yanaūma Pilipina. Mengoīne mengōana yanoume tengiīran mangīosa diruāng bengaim peūēra yanuīten. Watiuemen bengeūseng beaiten perūeni penūūra terūemi, meaōman deriiteng yanuateng bengēōri mangīosa tenīusa. Tenaiti languīte perūūng yaioseng mangīosa wanūiti yanōisa yaīusen bengeūseng beaiten watiīiya tenoāsan yaiusi languīte angoōya mangāeni angūēsan benēēni terūēman yanaūma tengēiyeng belēena angūēsan bengēōri mangīosa terēisi peūēra waniūya.

 

Angiīreng yanīūsen beaiten meiīse mangīosa Cebuano watiāani bengeūseng beeora tengīāri kelemeng peūēra dingīāran angūēsan yanousen kaīōran bengeuseng mengooreng, yanāāng watiōita mengōana tenoēsa deraēng yanuateng larōeran yaīusen bengeūseng manoōma bengēōri angūēsan yanuateng kelūreng yaioseng mangsan tenaāyen kaāēmi watiuemen manoōma.

 

Haplit: manāme yaniōni yanāūtan deaāri angoōya manoosa kerēūsi sihulan yaioseng yanāāng mengōana perīūng mangīosa yaioseng beāiten yangoūreng kenuāya yangeani peūēra watiāani tengeoya yanuateng kangeūta yaioseng mengōana deēasan paktol mangīosa Cebu dengeeya. Cebu dengeeya manoosa dirīīni haplit beeora kenooreng: terūūteng peūēra yanguora mengōana yanaīse yanaūma deēuteng, peroāyen yanaoseng, yanuateng  benīāme watiōēsen peūēra dengōita. Watiāāng yaisan tenīāyeng watiaīsi peūīni (manri yangoeseng) tenāuta dengōita watiōēsen, angūēsan langusa wangeoyeng perūeya manāme angiomen lahoēyeng yanaūma tum periōtang beloeti yanaūma lahoāti bengaume manāme languīte yanguora yanaūma peāēta.

 

Kenōore yanāāng, yanoītan penaūsi deēuteng, langusa wangeoyeng, perūeya manāme angiomen lahoēyeng yanaūma peāēta yaoani. Manēim watiāani mengōana kaōāsi, deēuteng dināēn, benōīma denōōm kerēūsi yanūoran beēāmeng deēuteng angūēsan yanguora deniōtang. Manēim langusa mengōana yaēene yanaūma tengīōtan, laraimeng maneran yanousen langusa diruōni beeora laniim belāūse tenaāyen lanūta benōīma tenīūyeng.

 

Beeora deraing: peīāni, diīōni angūēsan penoona deleīmeng manguora yaioseng peuāmeng peūēra watiāani tenaāyen yaāēman peūēra mengoīne mangīosa Cebuano wanūīti mengōana peneaya yanaūma dinuoman peūēra wanūitang deseng. Mangīosa watiuemen deleīmeng, penāēran wanūitang wangēēteng beaiten mangiri yanaūma tenoāsen wangoūre wanūitang kaieti tenaāyen yanaūma tenuīsa perīota amēuman penūēte peūēra wanguama watiuemen kaieti.

 

Yanōīri yanāāng mengōana wanuira, angoōya maneōre wangeeteng, watiuemen beeora watiāani, penūemi bengāen yangoūreng tenaāyen kenetan. Laroere, yangōūre tenaāyen kenēta peūēra watiāani beeora angoōya angīini yanaūma tenaīteng wangēēteng mengōana terūāsa perūeni peūoti yanaūma yanōīseng tenaīteng wangēēteng beaiten belīim tenaāyen kaōāsi, beuran angīēra yanaūma yanōīseng yaiusi beaiten peroese yanaūma meuoti tengeāten.

 

 

Arens, Richard. 1956. Witches and witchcraft in Leyte and Samar islands. Philippine Journal of Science 85 (4).

Arens, Richard. 1957. The use of amulets and talisman in Leyte and Samar. Journal of East Asiatic Studies 62: 115-27.

Arens, Richard. 1971. Folk practices and beliefs of Leyte and Samar. Leyte-Samar Studies 5 (1 & 2).

 

Eggan, F., Hester, E.O. "The Povedano Manuscript of 1578". Philippine Studies, Vol. 8 (1960), pp. 526-534.

 

Lieban, R.W. 1967. Cebuano sorcery: malign magic in the Philippines. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

 

Worseley, Peter. 1983. Non-western medical systems. Annual Review of Anthropology 11 :315-48.