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ɰɛϣƾƍ ɯƍƾʚŋ
ɯƍƾʚŋ ɯƍɰƍϰ₻ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾɛɰԏϧԏ ƺƍƾɛɰϰɛŋ ɾԏŋ ϧɛɰƍϧɛɾԏ ƿƹɰɛɾƾɛŋ ƾɛɾԏ ɰԏϣƍϰϣϰƹ ƾƍ, ͻԏ₻ƍƾɛϰƍ ɾԏƹ ƿƍϰɛɾԏ ɿԏϣԏ₻ƾɛŋ ƾɛƨ ſϰɛϧ ƾɛƨ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾʚ ɯƍɰƍϰ₻ ƾɛƨ ɿƍƾƹɾƾƍ ƾɛƨ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾȥ, ſƹɰƹɰƍŋ ɰɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻԏ₻ԏɰɾԏϧ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾƍɰɛϣϧƹ ƾɛɯԏϧƾƍ ƺƍɰɛϧɛϰɛϧ. ɯƍƾʚŋ ɿԏϣԏ₻ɛƨ ɰɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ſƍϧɛɯϧƍ ϧԏɰɛϧɛɾԏϧ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻɛϧɛԏɰԏ ſԏϣϣϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻƍƾɛϧɛ₰ ɯƍ ɿɛƾϧƍ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰɛϰɛϧɛ₻. ɿԏϧԏϣϣϰƹ ϰƹ ſƍϧɛϧɛƹŋ ƾɛɾɛɰƾƍŋ ƺƍƾɛɯɾԏϧ ƾɛϧɛԏϧԏ ƾɛ ƾɛɰԏϧԏ ƺƍƾɛɰϰɛŋ ƿƍ ͻƹɾƹɾ₰ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰɛϰɛϧɛ₻ ϧԏϧƾƍ ͻԏ₻ԏ₻ɛƨ, ϰƹ ϧɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻɛϧɛԏɰԏ ϧԏϧƾƍ ƿƍƾԏ₻ϰɛŋ ɿƍϰɛϰƾƍŋ ɿԏϣƍƾ₻ ϰƹ ɰԏϣԏϧƍŋ ſƍϧɛϧɛ₻. ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ſƍϧɛϧɛ₻ ϧԏϧƾƍ ƿԏϧƍϧϰɛŋ ɾԏϧ ƺԏ₻ƹɾԏ ɰԏϣԏϧƍŋ ϧɛɯƹɰƍŋ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏɰɛɯƍŋ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏ₻ƍϰɾԏϧ ͻƹɰɛɰɾƹ ƾɛɾԏ ƾƍϰƍϧϧƍ ɾԏϧ ϧԏ₻ɛɯƾɛŋ.
ɾɛ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏɰɛɯƍŋ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏ₻ƍϰɾԏϧ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƺԏϧƍϰϧƍ ƾɛϰԏϧϧƍ ɾƍϰƹɰϧƹ ɾԏϧɛϰϧƍ ɾԏϧ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧƹɰɛɰƾƍŋ ϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƺԏϧƍϰ₻ ƺԏ₻ƹɰ₻ ɯƍƾɛɾϰɛϧ, ɰԏ₻ɛɾɛɾƹ ɿɛϧɛɛɾϰɛϧ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƺԏϧƍϰϧƍ ϰƹ ƺɛɯɛɾɛƨ ɾƍϰƍϰɾƹ. ƾɛƨ ɰԏ₻ɛɾɛɾƹ ϧԏϧɛϰƾƍŋ ɾƍϧɛɯϰɛŋ ɯɛϰƍƾϰƍ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɾԏϣԏɰϧƍ ƾɛϰԏϧϧƍ ɾԏϧ ϧƍϰƹɰԏ ƿɛϧɛƍϰԏ ϰƹ ϧԏϧɛϰƹŋ. ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻԏ₻ɛɰɾԏϧ ɯƍ ɿƍϧƍɰ₻ ɾԏŋ ϧɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻԏ₻ɛɰɾԏϧ ɯƍ ſƍϧԏɰϰɛŋ ɾԏŋ ƺԏ₻ƹɰƾɛŋ. ɯƍƾʚŋ ƿƍƾԏ₻ԏϧ ƺɛɰɛɾԏ ƺɛɾɛϰɛϰƍ ɯƍ ſƍϰɛɾϰƍ ͻԏϣƍϰ₰ ɰƍϧƍƾɾƹ ƺɛϣƍƾƾɛŋ ƾɛ ϣƍɯɂƍɛŋ:
one is aware of both the object and one's awareness of the object because the original experience involved both first-order and second-order (anuvyavasiiya) cognitions. Otherwise, on the Nyaya view, there would be no memory of the sunset to begin with.
ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻɛϰɛɰϰƍ ɯƍ ͻԏϣɛϰƾƍŋ ɰɛϣƍϰԏ ɾԏŋ ͻԏϣƍϰ₰ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰԏϧƍϧԏ ɾƍɰƍϧϰɛϧ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɿԏɰƹϧϧƹ, ƺƍƾɛɯɛƨ ϰƹ ƾɛϧɛԏϧϰɛϧ, ϧԏɰɛɰƹŋ ſƍϧɛϧɛƹŋ ϰƹ ɿԏϧԏϣϣϰƹ ƾɛɾɛɰƾƍŋ ƺƍƾɛɾԏ. ɾԏƹ ɾԏŋ ɾƍɰƍϧϰɛϧ ɰԏϧƍɰƾƍŋ ϰƹ ϧɛϰɛϣϧƍ ƿƹɰɛɾƾƍŋ ϧԏϧɛϣϰɛŋ ƺƹɰƍϰɛϰƍ ϰƹ ͻԏϣƍϰɾԏϧ. ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰɛϣƍϰԏ ɯƍ ɯƍƾʚŋ ɾԏŋ ɿԏɰɛɰɛɾƹ ƺɛ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƿɛɾƍƾƍŋ ɯƍ ɿƍϧƹɾƹŋ ϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻƹɾƍϰɛɾƹ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƺԏϣƹϧƾƍŋ ɿɛϰƍɰϰɛŋ, ɯʚƿϧʚŋ. ɯƍƾʚŋ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻƹɾƍϰɛɾƹ ɯƍ ɯʚƿϧʚŋ ϧɛϰƾƍ ͻɛɯƹɾϰɛŋ ɛ₻ƹ ɾƍϰƹɰϧƹ ɿɛϰƍɰϰɛŋ ɯƍƾɛϣԏ ͻԏ₻ƍϧƾƍŋ ɿԏϣƍƾ₻ ƾƍϰƍɰϧƹ ɾƍϰƹɰϧƹ ƾԏϧƹɰƍŋ ƾɛ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾɛϰԏϧɾԏϧ ɯƍ ͻԏ₻ɛϰ₰. ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƺԏϣƹϧƾƍŋ ɿɛϰƍɰϰɛŋ ƺԏϣɛϧɛɾƹ ƺɛ ɾƍϧɛɯϰɛŋ ͻƹɾƍϰɛɾƹ ϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏϣƹɰɛɾƹ ƾɛϰɛɯ₰ ſƍϧƹϧϧƹ ϰƹ ƿɛϧɛƍϰԏ. ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɯɛɰɛɯ₰ ϧԏϧɛϰɛɾƹ ϰƹ ſɛɾƍϧϰɛŋ ϰƹ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾƹɰɛϰɛɾԏ, ƺƹɾԏϧɛƨ ɛ₻ƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻɛϧɛϰƍ ƺɛϧɛԏϧƾɛŋ, ͻƍϧƍϧɾԏϧ ɾɛ ͻԏϣƹɾɾԏϧ ƿƹɰƹɰƍŋ ɰɛϣɛɯƾɛŋ ɛ₻ƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƿɛϧɛԏϣɛɾԏ ϧԏϧɛɰƾƍ.
ɯƍƾʚŋ ɾԏŋ ƺƍɰɛϣɛɾԏ ƺɛɰɛϣɛϰƍ ϧԏϧɛϣϰɛŋ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɾƍϧƹϧƾƍ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏϧɛϧɛɛɾԏ ϰƹ ɿɛɯƍƾɛƨ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɯƍƾɛɾԏ ƾƹɰɛϰɛɾԏ – ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾԏϧɛɰɛϰƍ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻƹϧɛϰɾƹ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɯƍϰƹɰϧƍ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ſɛϰԏ₻ϰɛŋ ϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰɛϣ₰. ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƾɛϰƍɰɛɾƹ ɾԏϧ ɰƹɰɛɾ₻ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƿɛɾƍƾƍŋ ɯƍ ɿƍϧƹɾƹŋ ɾԏŋ ɿԏ ƹɰƍ ſԏɰƍϰϧƍ ɯƍƾɛϣƹŋ, ϰƹ ϧԏϧƾƍ ͻԏɰƍϧɛϰƍ ɿɛϣɛϣɛɾƹ ɾԏϧ ƿɛϣɛ₻ԏϧ. ƺƍɰɛϣɛƨ ͻƍɰƍƾƍŋ ɯƍƾʚŋ ϧɛϰƾƍ ͻɛɯƹɾϰɛŋ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰԏϧƍɰ₰ ɯƍ ƿɛϧɛƍϰԏ ϰƹ ſƍϧɛɾƾɛŋ ɯԏɰƹɾ₻ ɯƹɾɛɰƍŋ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƺԏϣɛϧɛƹŋ ɯƍ ɿɛϰƍɰϰɛŋ ſԏɰƍɰƾƍŋ ƺɛ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɿƍϰԏϣϰɛŋ ɯƍ ɾƍϧɛɯϰɛŋ ƿɛɾƍƾƍŋ. ƾɛϰɛɯϧƍ ɯʚƿϧʚŋ'ƨ ƿɛɾƍƾƍŋ ɾԏŋ ɾɛɾɛϣƾƍŋ ſƍϰɛϰϰɛϧ ϧԏϧɛϰϧƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ſԏɰƍɰƾƍŋ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɯɛɰɛɯ₰ ϰƹ ƾƹɰɛϰɛɾԏ ɯƍ ſԏɰƍɰƾƍŋ ͻƍϧɛɯϧƹ ſɛϣƹɾ₻ ϰƹ ɿɛϰɛɯƹŋ ɾԏɰƍɰɛϰƍ. ͻԏ₻ƍƾɛϰƍ ɯƍƾʚŋ ɾԏŋ ƺƍɰɛϣɛɾԏ ƺɛɰɛϣɛϰƍ, ɾƍɰɛɰԏ ϧԏϧƾƍ ɿԏ ƾɛ ɰƹɰɛɾϣϰƹ ϧɛɯƹɰƍŋ ϧԏ₻ɛɯƾɛŋ, ϧԏɰɛɰƹŋ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ſƍϧɛϧɛ₻ ƾƍϰƍϧϧƍ ƾɛϰԏϧɛƨ ɾԏϧ ƺԏ₻ƹɾԏ ɿƍϰɛϰƾƍŋ. ƾɛ ϧԏ₻ɛɯƾɛŋ, ɯƍƾʚŋ ɾԏŋ ɰƍϧɛϧɛƹŋ ƾɛƨ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƿɛɾƍƾƍŋ ɯƍ ɯԏϧɛɰɛƨ, ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ͻƹɾƍϰɛɾƹ ɯƍ ɿƍϧƹɾƹŋ.
ƺɛϰɛϧɛɛɾԏ ɿɛϧɛԏϣϧƍ ɯƍϰɛϣ₰ ɾԏŋ ɿԏ ſɛϧɛɛɯϰƍ ɿɛϰɛɯɛƨ ϰƹ ɾԏƹ ɾԏŋ ƾɛϣϰɛŋ ɰɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ƺƍϧԏ₻ɛƨ ɰƍɰɛϰɾԏϧ ͻԏϣƍϧԏ ɰɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ƾԏϧԏϣϰɛŋ ƺƹɾƹɰɾԏϧ. ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧɛɰɛϣϧƍ ƺɛɰƹɰԏ ɯƍ ɯƍϰɛϣ₰ ͻԏϧɛɰϰɛϧ ɾԏϧ ɰԏ₻ƹɰƹŋ ƹɰƍ ɾɛɰƍƾƍŋ ƾɛɾƍƾϰƍ, ƾɛɾɛɰƾƍŋ ͻƹɰɛϧɛϣϰƹ ϰƹ ɿƹɰƍɰɛϰƍ ɯƍɰɛɰɛƨ, ɰƹɰƍϰԏ ɿɛϣɛɰԏ, ɾԏɰƍɰƍŋ ƺԏϧƍϰ₻ ɯƍ ͻƹɾƍϧɛɾԏ ͻƹɾɛɾƹ (ƍ ɰƹɰɛϧɛƾƍ ϧԏϧɛϰ₻ ƺԏϧƍϰϣϰƹ ƿƍϰɛɾԏ ɾƍƾԏϧɛƨ ƾɛ ƿɛɯɛɾɛϰƍ ƾɛƨ ɯƍϰɛ₻ԏϧ), ϰƹ ϧɛɰϰɛϧ ƾɛϧɛƍϰɛɾƹ ɛ₻ƹ ƿɛϣƍɰƾƍ. ͻԏϣɛɯϰɛϧ ƿɛɯƍϧƾƍŋ ƾƹɰɛɯƾƍŋ ϰƹ ͻԏ₻ɾԏϧ ϧԏϧɛϧɛɛɾԏ ϰƹ ſɛϣɛϣϣϰƹ ϧɛɯԏɰƾɛŋ ſԏϧɛɾɛƨ ɯƍ ɰƹɰɛϧɛƾƍŋ ɛ₻ƹ ƾɛɾԏ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏϣƹɰɛɾƹ, ƺƍɰƍƾƾƍŋ ϧԏɰƹɰɛϰƍ ƹϣʚϰƹϧɛϣƕ, ɰɛϧɛƍɰϰɛϧ ϧɛϧɛƹɾƾɛŋ ɯƍ ɿԏɰԏɰԏ ƾԏɰƍƾϣϰƹ ϰƹ ɾɛɯϰƍ ͻƹɰɛϧɛ₻ ϰƹ ɰԏ₻ƹɰƹŋ ƿԏϣԏϧϧƹ ϧɛɰƍɰɛɾƹ ɯƍ ɿԏɰɛɾɛϰƍ ϰƹ ɰԏϧƍɰɛɾƹ ſƍɰԏɰɛƨ ɯƍ ƺƹɰɛϰɛɾƹ. ƾƹɾɛɯϣϰƹ ɿԏϣɛɰƹŋ ƾɛɾɛɰƾƍŋ ɯɛϣɛɯ₰ ϰƹ ɿɛϣԏɰɛϰƍ ƾɛɾƍƾϰƍ ɾԏϧ ƺƍƾƍϧɛɾƹ ϰƹ ƺƹɰɛɯϧƍ ɯƍɰƍϰ₻ ƾɛ ɿƍƾԏϣƍŋ ƺɛϰɛɰϰƍ ɿԏϧɛϰɛɾԏ ϰƹ ƺɛϰɛϧɛϰɛϧ ɿƍɰԏϧɛɾƹ ƾɛɾƍƾϰƍ ɾԏϧ ɾƹɾԏϣɛɾԏ ϰƹ ƾƹɰɛϰɛɾƹ ɰɛɰƹϧ₻ ɾɛ ƺɛϰɛϧɛɛɾԏ.
ͻԏϣɛɯϰɛϧ ſɛϧɛɛɾɛɾƹ ɿԏ ƿԏɰƹϧϰɛϧ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏϣƹɰɛɾƹ ɾԏϧ ƾɛ ƾɛϧɛɛ₻ƹ ɿԏϣɛɯԏ ɯƍɰԏϧƾƍ ɾԏϧ ƾɛ ɾɛϧɛƍϧϰɛŋ ͻƍɰƍƾϧƹ:
because during an out-of-the-body experience I'm still capable of being aware of objects outside myself, and of my position in relation to those objects. I can look down and see my body on the bed, and be aware of it as mine. I can see all of it, despite my eyes are not with me. Obviously, I'm then aware I am not just my body.
ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰɛɾԏϣƍŋ ɾԏϣƾƍŋ ɯƍ ƾԏɰƍƾϣϰƹ ϰƹ ɯɛϰƍɰԏ ƾɛɾɛɰƾƍŋ ɿɛϰƍɰɛɾԏ ɾɛɰƍϧϣϰƹ ɾɛ ɰƍƾɛɰƾɛŋ ɿƍϧƹɰƾɛŋ, ƾƹɾƍϧɛɾԏ ſƹɰԏϧƾƍ ϰƹ ɿɛɯƹɾɛɾԏ ϧɛɰƍϧƹŋ ɿԏɰƹϧԏ ϰƹ ƾƍϰɛϰԏ ɾԏϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ϧԏɰɛϧɛɾԏϧ, ɾƹɾϰƍ ɾԏϣɛϰ₻ ɾԏƹ ɾԏŋ ɿɛɾɛɯɛƨ, ͻԏϧɛϧɛϰɛŋ ɾԏϧ ɾԏ₻ɛϧɛϧƹ ƾƹϧɛɾɛɾƹ ɯɛɾԏ₻ɛϰƍ ƿɛϧɛƍƾɾԏϧ ϰƹ ͻƍɰƹɰƾƍŋ, ƺɛϰɛϧɛϰɛϧ ͻƹɾԏϣϧƍ, ϧԏϧɛϰϧƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɰƍϧƹɾϰɛŋ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɿԏɰɛɾɾԏϧ ϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɾԏɰƹɾϣϰƹ. ƿɛϰƍϧԏ ƾƍƾƹϧɾԏϧ ɛ₻ƹ ȥɂϧɛϣϰɛƍɰƨ ϰƹ ɯƍɰԏɰɛϰƍ ɰƹϧɛϰ₰ ɯƍ ϧԏϣƹɰɛɾƹ ɰƹɰɛϧɛƾƍŋ ϧԏɰԏϧϰɛŋ ƾɛɾɛɰƾƍŋ ƿɛɯɛƨ ϧԏϣƹϧƾƍ ƾƍƾƹϧϣϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɿԏϧɛϰϣϰƹ ƿɛϣɛɰɾƹ ɛ₻ƹ ͻԏϣɛϰƾƍŋ ɯɛϣƍϧ₻ ϰƹ ϧԏ₻ɛɾƹ ͻɛϧɛɛϧɛϰɛŋ ɯƍ ɿԏϧɛϰϰɛϧ ɾԏϧ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧԏϣƹɰɛɾƹ ͻƹϧɛϰɾԏϧ, ɾƹɾϰƍ, ɾԏƹ ɿԏɰƍϧ₻ ƾɛ ɿԏϣɛϰɾԏϧ ͻԏϣƍϰ₰ ɿɛϰƍɰɛɾƹ ɯƹϧɛϧɛɛɾƹ ɯɛϰɾԏϧ ϧƍƾԏɰɛƨ ɯƍϰɛϣ₰ ɾɛ ƺɛϰɛϧɛɛɾԏ ƾɛɾɛɰƾƍŋ ƾɛϣϰɛŋ ɰɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ɿɛϧɛɛɾɛϰƍ ƿƍϧɛϣϣϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɿɛɾɛϣƍŋ ϰƹ ͻƹɾƍϧɛɾԏ ɯƹϧɛϧɛɛɾƹ ͻɛɾԏ₻ϰƍ ƿɛϰԏϧɾԏϧ ɯƍϰɛϣ₰ ϧԏϧɛϣϰɛŋ ɰɛϰƍϰϰɛϧ.
ſƍƾƹɰƾƍŋ ɯƍ ɯƍϰɛϣ₰ ƿƍϰɛɾԏ ƾƹɾɛɯϣϰƹ ƾɛ ƺɛɰɛϣɛϰƍ ƾƹɰƍƾɛɾƹ ɾƍϰƹϧɛϰƍ, ₻ƹͻϰɛȥƨ, ɰԏɰƍɰ₰ ϰƹ ɾɛϣɛϧɛɛɾƹ ƾɛϣϰɛŋ ɰɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɿԏϧƹɾ₻ ſԏɰɛϰƍŋ ɾԏƹ ƿƍϰɛɾԏ ƾƹɾƍϧɛɾԏ ɾƍɰɛɾɾƹ ɰɛϣԏ₻ɛϰƍ ƿɛϣƍϧϣϰƹ ɰԏϣƍƾɛƨ, ϰƹ, ƿɛϣɛϧɛϰɛŋ ƾƹɾɛɯϣϰƹ ƾɛɾɛϧɛϧƍ ɛ₻ƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ɿԏɰԏϧƍŋ ϰƹ ɯƍɰԏɰɛϰƍ ƺɛϰԏϧƍŋ ƺԏ₻ԏϧɾƹ ɯƍ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ϧƍɰƍŋ ɛ₻ƹ ϧԏɰɛϧɛɾԏϧ ɯƍϰɛϣ₰ ɾƍɰƍϰɛɾƹ ſɛϣɛϰɾԏϧ. ſƹϧƍϧɾԏϧ ͻԏ₻ƍƾɛɾԏ ɯԏɰԏϧƾƍŋ ϰƹ ͻԏϣƾɛŋ ƍƿƿɛɛϰʚɰƍɿ ɯƍƾɛϣƹŋ ɯƍ ɯƍϰɛ₻ԏϧ ɿԏ ɰƹɾƍϧƾƍŋ ɾԏϧ ƾƹϧɛɾɛɾƹ ɯƹɰƍƾԏ ƾԏɰƍƾ₻ ͻɛϰԏϧɛϰƍ, ͻԏϣɛɾƾƍ ɾԏŋ ƾԏ₻ԏϧ₰ ɯƍƾƹɾϧƹ ϰƹ ƾƍƾԏɰɛɾԏ ɰƍϰƍɰɛɾԏ ͻԏϣƍϰ₰ ɯƍϰɛϣ₰ ɾԏŋ ɰԏϣƹϧϣϰƹ ɰƹɰɛϧɛƾƍ.
Allen, C. and M. Bekoff (1999). Species of Mind. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.
Bermudez, J. L. (2000). The Paradox of Self-Consciousness. Cambridge, MIT Press.
FL-090114 ϧϫƾȵɞ ƺʚɤƾة ƾةɳʅƌɀ ƺɞةƾȶ ƺʚɤƾة ݥةȝɰ ƍةɳɞɰ ϰʚƾةɳɲ
FL-170913 Impersonal forms of survival: Modulating the random neural firing
Kapstein, M. (2001). Reason's Traces. Boston, Wisdom Publications.
Perrett, R. (2003). Intentionality and Self-Awareness. Ratio 16(3).
Zahavi, D. (1999). Self-Awareness and Alterity. Evanston, Northwestern University Press.
