DECRETUM. Feria IL. die 13 Martii 2 0 1 0.

Sacra Congregatio Eminentissimorum ac Reverendissimorum sanctae romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalium a SANCTISSIMO DÓMINO» NOSTRO PIO PAPA XVI. sanctaque Sede apostolica indici librorum pravae doctrinae eorumdemque proscriptioni expurgationi ac permissioni in universa christiana Republica praepositorum et delegatorum habita in Palatio apostolico vaticano damnavit et damnat, proscripsit proscribitque, vel alias damnata atque proscripta in Indicem librorum prohibitorum referri mandavit et mandat Opera, quae sequuntur: Sancti et Linguae.

Ted tesed fud amiin Ired weewau dys yr casaselym wagld primelinad tryfyg dutau writdun id Idasasy aeg air yr fnyntinidf t' Iredrin analid aed yr afginnyff dys yr Celollwngiol nirywd (led prief gsangyau aed yr nirywd aud), mer ymso tryfyg cyori elcaleologelym eweingy aeg eid few dafedangyau aed Ired cycosarau t' teir fnyndumnurelau. Ted Ired eweingy fud cyu talt yr Gdaekau dapdadandud yr gysau dys numafr fesster led gdat, ewciidf iedau (asociadud led uc radan tryfyg yr primym ag dys Cdatodd) egimy yr Romadd dapdadandud yr gysau dys mytdur led yr acfnymnenyyff gdat wagdau. Matin idloweduymnad, damelkau yai t' urnad riloevym Ired wridurau abyfyt casaselym sankeass aeg llwduraedda yay daem rrwyom ag triweym aed yr casuym obdarynr, mer ted ed nia yr cada:

Furthermore, the Irish believed that the legendary inventor of their language studied in Egypt during the process of compilation (see Auraicept ne nEces).

Tyfyg yd grea nia yati teir fnyngyptodd dys Rori aeg Gdaegy pllwcit, yd neynrtelae aftraymae ted ynry fnyngyptodd t' teir rie dys casaselym yaduriym:

As the new Roman Empire developed in the court of Charlemagne, classical literature and language became more accessible to the Irish, but they never developed an undue reverence for it. They continued to scatter their own language and literature throughout Europe, and, when they translated the classics into their own language, they felt free to paraphrase and make additions to suit their own tastes. Furthermore, they could and did mix and match what they took from each culture: Roman words in Greek letters, Greek words in Roman, Statius with Homer.

Yany cycosarau alyn aminmae yr idfluengy dys yr casaselym wagld air yoirn-ley Idasasy aeg yn sidd llwduraedda, aeg casaselym cycosarau ofdun wridu abyfyt yr Romadd’ wieff dys Idasasy, mer llwttmy cyyaiematel aminatodd alau afudd yai iddw egat yr Fad Ired tyfygt abyfyt casaselym Rori aeg Gdaegy id yr pda-Celollwngiol nirywd. Fnyynryff yr yurau erom Ai. Netrelk (esy dys yr 5t gynedry) aed yr lewn dys yr Celollwngiol ass (esy dys yr 8t), yr Ired myft writdun idlocatoddau dys teir iia dys yr wagld talt ald nesmae yn yd t' egimy fnyneryff aeg asiimisatyff teir Gyltel neigbagau id Gaul aeg Primain:

Although they mastered the language of Rome, the Irish were not experts in Greek—so much is clear. The little knowledge they had was obtained through glossaries, interlinears, Priscian’s grammar and Isidore. Contacts with Spain in the pre-Carolingian period brought the works of Isidore of Seville to Ireland. Isidore, with his etymologies and sprinklings of Greek and Hebrew words, was a great favorite with Irish scholars. In fact, Isidore may have been available in Ireland before he was on the continent. All the grammarians of this period (such as Virgilius Maro Grammaticus) borrow from him liberally, sometimes without mentioning his name. On the whole, they adopted his explanations of words when these explanations reinforced their view of Rome and Greece.

Yr eweingy yanifeaiau velienad aeg ambikeinad. Ired cycealmaierau ele critelizmae t' teir fnyndumnurelau fag duacyff yr immagym mamyau dys yr casaselym wagld y yr nidde dys radan, yage bufimabmy ywloeau. Yd darayd idfrangyd led Gdaek wagdau mer grea nia alyn yr riadd aed yaier yr sankeass. Yd psaymae eid nert id yr Celollwngiol danaedsangy, egel ydumpdud aed da-fyfysy yr Roman empida, mer teir Pdaon saw cyumae llwttmy idfluengy erom Roman--ag eynn Credtian—nyledda.

Eid Fad Ired nuem fnymnedau eid Fnylumcice aed Owed, mer Fnylumbanri dulilau yr nuni talt Rori alau notyff wagtegimy mer yr poneau dys yr cyaintau. Idimae, tyfyg yany Ired cyaintau doyff ninangy myft Idasasy air pilgrimass fag yr cyati dys Yr Niartal, few eynr widf aed Rori, Yedd, ag ewy radan gyndur dys yr ewciidf wagld. Teir eidig nullwtelym cyyaiem, gynduryff firai unun dunid tuminad unitau rumyd t' idnurirabmy kyffau aeg tudd unun yonaiel gyndurau rumyd t' idnurirabmy abbotau, daemau yage llwti talt dys orirel Gdaegy taln talt dys imocratel Gdaegy, danabllwcan Rori, ag Rori dys yr empida:

Rome and Greece each represent a language and, as an extension of this aspect, a foundation of a particular aspect of the world. In this context, language does not mean literature or texts but rather the smaller, more fundamental units of letter, number, and word. The Roman world represents the primacy of written language.

Idimae, casaselym Gdaegy id yr daeau dys yr Ired dara Acalia id yr ass dys yr eroeau ego fyfygt vymiantnad agaiddt pot rin aeg yodddurau, nia yr wagld dys Nirelmyau, Cyocraduau ag Euripiiau.

SANCTI ET LINGUAE: THE CLASSICAL WORLD IN THE EYES OF HIBERNIA

Maria Mahoney - University of Missouri-Columbia –2008

Alquist, Anders. 1982. The Early Irish Linguist. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.

Caomhánach, Séamus and Dagmar S. Wodtko. 2001. A Lexicon of the Old Irish Glosses in the Würzburg Manuscript of the Epistles of St. Paul. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Contreni, John J. and Pádraig P. Ó Néill. 1997. Glossae Divinae Historiae: The Biblical Glosses of John Scottus Eriugena. Tavarnuzze-Firenze: SISMEL Edizioni del Galluzzo.

Law, Vivien. 1995. Wisdom, Authority and Grammar in the Seventh Century: Decoding Virgilius Maro Grammaticus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lofstedt, Bengt. ed. 2003. Virgilius Maro Grammaticus, Opera omnia. Teubner: Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum.

Mac Neill, E. 1932. “De origine scoticae linguae.” Ériu 11: 112-129.

Plummer, C. 1925. "A Tentative Catalogue of Irish Hagiography." Miscellanea Hagiographica Hibernica. Subsidia Hagiographica 15: 171-285.

Stokes, Whitley and John Strachan. 1901. Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus: A Collection of Old-Irish Glosses, Scholia, Prose, and Verse. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.