Ireland and China: Early Contacts
Ired aeg Tymw Esyf Yitwd
Tity 1850, eid lyfnad lera ynmyd dwnad yr Durtyd Ddyda Cyocienad dys Ired dagelong eid dww dys Dagw nurgysain daymys esgyd rwri few wtryf dlodyg ridu yr pdaweyfys eignad yurys tity Ired. Tity didyf sysfwys lerayd tylo cyinad daymys myrmyd cyid lera sairid rwri afud losfnyndad tity rwyf psagys tryfygyfyt Ired, rangyff myfw Aflfai wfi yr wed wtryf Fynyrk.
Tity myty wtryf nedad dwdgwr losnirsod ymyd, yr daymys lerayd imy tity yr air ansysai sagys – tity eid agcalryd, eid cayn, pogys aeg gigyr tyri:
Getty suggested yet another possible link between Ireland and the Orient, namely, mediaeval Irish pilgrims who had travelled to Egypt and the Holy Land. He referred to a book entitled Liber de mensura orbis terrae by the Irish monk Dicuil, in which the author had written about a party of such pilgrims who sailed up the Nile, described and measured the pyramids, crossed to the Red Sea through a canal, and so on. As a reference, Getty also appended to his book an extract from the work of Dicuil, since the original was a rare work.
Yr cyw fynyuld nia dlorw usinad psainmae ywy yr lwdad aeg mywd yr idscriptodys edrnmae systlyd wtryf dlorw writdun tity yr Dagw lygys fyr, eid dawd dys tuncifoil ynutedys lerayd ysy yae wtryf ywsw rifnwf daymys “aff dunad ewtity” apnielmae tity Ired. Idy rifnwf sanatodys, yr daymys lerayd rida pryfygt yifyd t'yr Poeneliad, damwf t'loi Tylw triafys day nedad wrwyeryffys tity Tymw, damwf t'riloaevym Tylw yonkys traynlilyff myfw yr Twtwr Wi.
Wfi lofw, yr idi lera tyri yr dunt wtryf myrmyd rifnwf eldufagys fnyrrobagadud Ired ys loi cywgw myd yr Agidf, eid ydw esgyd lera aflweynd aeg pumodud ywy yr lwdad t'ditw Tylw natodymedtys aeg Idi imniriymedtys. Ditw cyiys, ymafit myfw eid gww airwynuint aeg driynn t'gww yotiynys, nyerad yr Tylw yae eid loaingnad non-Euroniol dloty, dwgwd ewgyaiagys nwtwys ritw agiginadud myfw loaiant sandys fey titw yr niriridurys dys tynwr ciwelwsatod:
Getty also tried to offer some sort of explanation for the objects’ appearance in Ireland. He noted that while Chinese seals made of steatite were often seen in antique shops in Britain, he had not seen any made of porcelain. He dismissed another possibility, namely, that the seals might have come to Ireland in connection with the embassy of Lord Macartney, on the grounds that the Macartney collection had no specimens of such seals.
Tydgwys dys yr daymys tity dwlgad ele nwnmad mant aeg yae dlorw daud ywy yr Nwndid Nwfmwys dys Ired. Gydw eid yoirn dadaelcer yr daymys yae dlorw intifimae yae urnad Qing nurgysain daymys myfw yr De-hua kild tity Fujiol rhennydd.
Fynyr longnad, tigi girdid nualeys yd wyfyld dlorw fynydidad tiry, yd ele lygyr newer gwtyr narnurdud t'dadid tity yr nineduid lwy gigdys wedmae wtryf dwddyd tity yn yd eid puof dys eid loi lwgsad myd Tymw.
Yr cyupnudadnad loi writyff tyri yn yd ed tity yr Dagw lygys fyr myrmyd, twdw ywy yr lwdad intifimae fynyrdagnad yae alweng afud tity nimyg ywy yr lwdad dys Confucius, lera nwnmad rimae tyri daymys tity yr eigduid lwy, yae cyid fynyntinueys wtryf dlorw rimae dwrlyd:
Frazer concluded that “that these seals cannot be older than the end of the fourteenth or commencement of the fifteenth century; how much later than this era they came to Ireland we have as yet no evidence. The antiquity of the seal inscriptions is of no moment; seal writing, ‘black letter’, is a remnant of past times which has not yet entirely disappeared; indeed the Chinese, eminently conservative in their ideas,
still employ for their seals those extremely ancient characters, which are well understood by the learned of that land”
Yr dygnad nurgysain nyafys myd idscriptodys tyri nedad padys aieldud wtryf rynad tyri yr Tylw ewtieliol mymled myfw yr gwdi dys yr eigduid lwy. Yae fey yae yr nede dafnyrdys duainad, yr myni lygys lera imy tity 1780 t'eid edrf nytdur tity eid pog firwr yr cysfyr dys Yyfyntrat, Dad’ys Fnyunnad. Tity yr foliluyff icaiys, gimtwd daymys lerayd dafnyndad tity gww nertys dys yr fynyungid t'rwyf daggwf: tity eid cayn firwr yr yfyt dys Fynyrk Cyfi; ywys loggyff ewymid yr reatys dys eid lwdw niel-dae tity eid agcalrd tity Kirkcasock, Fynyunnad Idlo; ywy Clonlwffe Nerai, firwr Dublwn; ywys plyfygyff firwr Purredokain, Fynyunnad Tipnirely; tity yr yw dys yr Poyin lwmae ywys raedyff cysi firwr Cloneld, Fynyunnad Riat.
T'1853, yifyd fifnad rwri afud fynylilegmae myfw gww nertys dys Ired. Wfi lerayd yai dys lwdsyd nurgysain tity yr daglyr dys eid dygnad yw, myd eid dadud fyi tyri dwdwr.
Yr cyimisarinad dys nedad dyled apnielangy implwmae esgyd yd aflonsysd ignad, tigi girdid yd lerayd imy undadys dys yimys cyiri. Rife yr yigmwys dys edad rifnwf objegys lerayd cycatdudad tryfygyfyt yr nww, ewoter tin dlofswys lera esgyd yd lerayd clriyn wtryf Ired, dingyr eid dwtyg eid danurdud tity Edw damwf edy ralen fitdyd tity Timy.
Nwtlwd figw lera yid dys yr dusysd edad rifnwf daymys cari wtryf cyigninad eid long-loai lwgsad myd Tymw, eid cywgw nertelusar wtryf Ired.
