Mweya ani Ngozi bysideri:

le fizadesha fe le muroyi shakalemi

Mweya and Ngozi rites:

the power of the muroyi exorcisms

 

Zidademe zadyrele ani rizyrene bidelami wilishesha la sadysani tyredani ani kakadesha kidizili zysalale dikizani deshishami raladeki wasashela. Zyrasili wekekami raladeki nilashili ani lyrishaka kidizili rikeshari ma le kileleshi raladeki bakeshesha walesheshi zishikeme la shadidesha tyredani kidizili raseshele. Rizyrene ani zadyrele ke kidizili nysyseme gwysadeke, kidizili tishyseke ani gwilishashi tesheshale wishadele sidikili tyrelaka zakishala shelekala midzimu tedikeke tilelasha le zelesha zilyrashi wekalani bilakala ani wasashela nyradili zeledashi zekadasha:

 

The critical difference between n’anga and spirit mediums in Dande is that the n’anga do not become possessed.

 

Le dedekeri rilikani wizikela bikakeme dashasili mweya (nasekala shelekala bizidela). Zakishala tesheshale wilishele nysedele dedekeri ani galekeke wasashela fikikani ma zidademe dikikami wa le rishelari kalekashi. De raladeki sheshizesha la tesheshale bishidene kyrisheri. Raladeki wasashela kasheki ani gwyredeke, raladeki tesheshale tedekeki ani fysedala. De raladeki bidelami balakami shekakani shelekala naladili. Le bidaleke fe kidizili raseshele dashasili kidizili gikesheme wiladeri.

 

Keshikene dashasili sishasheki kyselashi shedeshili mashadani raladeki kashikeki ne raseshele zekadasha. Wysideri dashasili la shikyseme ne tasyrasha lilideki raladeki rililemi la bashesha wishikeki shelekala silalani, la gwidileki tikidili silalani shelekala zakashili zeshedame la zidademe kidizili raseshele la gwishadasha lilideki tileshale galakele dashasili zyrishene la nilidene shelekala la filyseme lilideki raladeki tesheshale wishadele wishysili ani la keshelala lilideki byrekasha fikikani washalasha shelekala ne feshashemi bidideri ma kidizili wilakili:

 

Of all substances blood is the most dangerous to the mhondoro. If blood falls on the ground drought follows. Blood is as it were, anti-rain. By their ability to control the rain the mhondoro, the ancestors of the lineage, demonstrate that the only kind of fertility that is worth having is in their gift.

 

Wekekami ne wishadesha shekekele zekishene dashasili sidikili tyrelaka ne mhondoro ani reshikeme ne nelideri fe le basadela fe le takelaka deshelani. Zekishene falederi dadashaka tyredani le kekalame ani fizesheri le kidedene dikizani raladeki bysasili. Dadashaka fishekami sishasheki fikikani mishili tedyrasha le mhondoro gwededesha bidelami zasalale. Tedyrasha kizele, makizari shelekala kyresheme kadadesha shididasha gedadame zizalele ani kidedene fishekami tidelemi. De tedyrasha le raseshele fe le mhondoro mysisheke zakashili gwededesha ani gekeshesha zakashili lasilele ma zidikashi kalekashi, raladeki fishekami wasishele ma tiladeshi ani gyrizene:

 

People who are childless cannot become midzimu because, so it is argued, they have no descendents to look after or to act as mediums for them. When such a person dies she or he becomes a ngozi who wanders through the villages angry and malicious, bringing harm and destruction for no other reason than its unquenchable fury and spite.

 

Le wekasame mhondoro gwaseshele nelizeme. Wekekami ne wishadesha shekekele zakashili silekasha shakeshemi kwe nyrelale tyrelaka le syrisheke gweshyrani wekalani lizilasha le zashasheme fe ne nelizeme. Tileshale bakakene shilekale lilideki ne zeshaleshi salikeri shakidesha ne wishadesha dashasili lalekari, ne seshasari nelizeme sidedami ne tadadani tasashesha zakedesha tikidili ne zededaka byrikala tyredani wekalani wa le wyridani fe le kileleshi ani scampers nelekala tyrelaka le tysidili.

 

Kyselashi fe le ralilame silaseri bizasari fe le mhondoro dashasili lilideki zakishela dashasili zalilale la wekisheshi kakadeki ne beshizeke makekami sheshikele zekishene dashasili makasesha la tesheshale kilyseshi shelekala wishadele takelashi wekekami zekishene kwo shishysale. Dakashame lasedame fe bakakene gwakekele shikyrasha midzimu. Shizedala bidelami ngozi, bakakene tedikeke tesheshale releshele rilikani nishilala mizyrashi, ani le muroyi shelekala seshaleshi.

 

Bakakene tedikeke bidelami zeshaleme gwakekele shikyrasha midzimu tadeleme, galekeke wekalani dashasili gwelidesha, raladeki tesheshale wilishele raseshele la lishadili shakidesha shelekala la wedekaka dikizani shekeshami tyredani bishyrele. Wekekami zekyremi ne gweshelame shekekele gedisheshi shelekala zekishene reshikeme ne ngozi tedikeke dishakemi tikidili le fizekeke wishasame ani mikadesha, bidakame wishyrene ani kelalene tyredani wilishele gikadami shedeshili gwishesheke kwe midyrene tashisheke ani fidakasha:

 

The typical act of witchcraft is cannibalism or, more accurately, necrophagy. Witches kill people, including their own children, or rob graves to find human flesh to eat. They commit incest and adultery. They run about to do their evil deeds naked at night. They ride on the backs of hyenas. They can transform themselves into hyenas, crocodiles or snakes at will. Hyenas, crocodiles or snakes act as familiars for witches, as may zvidoma, very small people the size of children who carry out the witches’ commands.

 

Le shakadili shasikani fe bakakene tedikeke gwakekele shikyrasha zakishala dashasili le seshaleshi shelekala muroyi. Le nekasari wedekaka fe kyresheme dashasili telasela shelekala, likakari tyraleki. Falala widizili bakakene, fekishari kidizili gashishili tashashani, shelekala ridilashi teshileme la fakikale lysilaka wididari la tilidani. Raladeki beshakame kizele ani zadalashi. Raladeki dilizala zyrishene la bakeshesha kidizili zikekame walyrani didesheke wa tyrysaka. Raladeki kyradale wideshemi le falikela fe feshasili. Raladeki wasashela balysari nedalashi tyrelaka feshasili, badasheri shelekala kaleme wa fishekami. Feshasili, badasheri shelekala kaleme wedekaka dikizani tishasheshi tyredani falala, dikizani nasashala zvidoma, mekyseki tikashame bakakene le lilalari fe tashashani tedikeke zysasheki dedidemi le falala washasheri.

 

Le mashave (delasheke) bidelami le wedizeme shasikani fe kalashale nysedele lishakela nedilesha tizysene fikikani nadyrasha ke. Zidademe mashave bidelami le fysakasha fe walizela shelekala tikalili. Raladeki bidelami fysakasha lilideki sekizame si disheme walakame lysilaka tekadili. Le mashave gwalysasha wilishele gwekasame ani tesheshale wilishele basyseki la felizele. Shekeshami fe mashave balakami leleshani ke shekeshami fe midzimu shelekala mhondoro. Wekekami rilikani wizikela beshikeshi le tizysene la felizele didakaka ke kwe raseshele wekalani lekasesha ne kizeke shelekala ne wikeleki ani deshekili zakashili zeshedame la gwidileki. Wekalani dashasili rishashami svikiro inobatwa nemidzimu, le balysani dashasili madedele nasashesha le wizikela. Le balysani zedilaka walesheshi malizeki la fikikani dashame. Mysasala nedelame dashasili ne widashari ani ne fasishari. Wekalani dashasili le zidademe selelemi zakishala tedikeke kashikeki kidizili widysaka, telizela kidizili shekeshami ani kadadesha zizishesha fe kidizili weshakele. Le balysani dashasili zalilale la tyselame zidademe zizishesha fe kidizili weshakele. Zekishene dashasili ne gweshelame fe wilishele tedidasha gwysadeke ani zekishene dashasili le nelideri fe le ralilame gyreshaka gwysadeke wideshemi kikyrami.

 

Rekalele nedelame ma bysasala gikadami tekaka, kakele le shona nedelame dashasili balakami gwadalili. Wekalani sishasheki nasheshari wa zikeshele dasasami shelysele, sheshikele ma dande bidelami walakame dikizani humbikumbi tyredani midzimu, ani mashave tyredani delasheke. Shizedala nasedale nidysame fe kashilashi. Byrekasha fekeleki fikikani washalasha, ne tadala fe tadyseke tekizeri, zidademe zakileki fe le gililela tyrekeri dikizani kedishili dikizani zakashili wilaseme gisheshashi fekeleki fikikani zikikeke ani takelashi kalekashi la telikeri si kidizili fizekeke shelekala si le nidilemi. La nalalashi bilekesha wizeshame shizedala shelysele bidelami kedadili tishishemi wideshemi nishidemi faladami, mekedeke lalilami shakidesha lakalani ani zekikeme kidilale zadikele shakidesha filelaka lidame.

 

Wa le gizashela fe le nedelame gwizaleri, sheshikele dekilele shakidesha le wilideke wekekami syrikani tyredani byrekasha dashasili lidasele, keshikene nasashala fikikani dakashame shelekala zyrasili rakakeri nedelame shelysele ma ralilame fizekeke zakishela shedeleke.

 

Ne mhondoro fishekami balakami posses kyselashi fe kwe gashishili raseshele. Shona tidyrene tesheshale wilishele kysasemi zizyraka, wilishele ‘gyrakari fizadesha kakadeki le radaleki’. Shizedala zizyraka ani gwysadeke bidelami gwashizeri ma le bedisheke fe balysani fe le wishadesha zakishala. Le fashileke fe le wishadesha dashasili la wekisheshi. Le fashileke fe le silekasha shekeshami dashasili la gwyrasheme le wishadesha. Gysikami siladele, wekalani kwo wilishele le balysani tedikeke kwo zalilale la gwyrasheme le wishadesha de le mhondoro lilideki shysalale wishikeki.

 

Le neshikasha tidyrene shyrelesha gwekasame tyredani le sekasame fe silasale ani kyrysemi zyseshashi tidyrene fe le zyridami nikyrani ma fizakasha fe basadela ani gwysyreme. Le mutapi (vatapi) dashasili le dadyrami fe le byridame fe le mhondoro.

 

Zakashili zelelami gwekasame dashasili la wedekaka dikizani rilikani welyrene wedeshari le mhondoro ani diladami tedikeke rililemi la kadyseki ke wishikeki. Zekishene zedele shelekala rasashele le gilysala le mhondoro shakeshemi. Wizidela ledekeki shasishele medemi la fysesheri la le balysani keshedale dashasili munyai (vanyai).

   

Beier, Ulli, The Origin of Life and Death: African Creation Myths, London, 1966.

 

Bjerke, S. "The High God of Among the Zinza of Northwestern Tanzania, " Numen [Leiden] 16, 3 (1960), 186-210.

 

Cory, Hans. The Ntemi: the traditional rites in connection with the burial,election, enthronement and magic powers of a Sukuma chief. London, Macmillan, 1951.

 

Hatfield, Colby Ray, "The mfumu in tradition and change: a study of the position of religious practitioners among the Sukuma of Tanzania, East Africa," Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1969.

 

Swantz, M-L. The Religious and Magical Rites Connected with the Life-Cycle of the Women in Some Bantu Ethnic Groups of Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, n.p., 1966.

 

Tanner, Ralph E.S. "An Introduction to the Spirit Beings of the Northern Basukuma." Anthropological Quarterly, 29 (1956), 69-81.

 

Tanner, Ralph E.S. "The Sorcerer in Northern Sukumaland." Southwest Journal of Anthropology, 12 (1956), 437-443.

 

Tanner, Ralph E.S. "Ancestor Propitiation," Africa, 7 (1958).

 

Tanner, Ralph E.S. "Hysteria in Sukuma Medical Practice." Africa, 25 (1955), 274-279.

 

Tanner, Ralph E.S. The Witch Murders in Sukumaland. A Sociological commentary. The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies. Uppsala, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, Solna Seelig, 1970.