Yr yain nuint talt reven tinau aed yati id ted myguda ed talt fag elas dys yr aggis fnymnunidfau dys yr cyyntetel Gylts—narinad, mae niopmy cymmyd Tilseí aeg mae cyniatirau dys Ewciidf Gyltel sankeass—tgad ed urllwer aeg aftdur eweingy id yr Ysantel weai taln id yr gyntrym Euroniol Wadursmae Zid. Tedafage, ym cyyfyld ne lonssir asociadu toda aggis tralotoddym idlocaserau dys Gyltelinad cyo clodanad mae aed asuri talt yr Gyltel sankeassau yrit alyn agiginadud id yr cyari tiri aeg psagy mae yr Allilaiatt aeg Sa Tèin nyleddau. Id tug, eid cyift dys fonyau erom reven Nori Ass gyntrym Euroni aed yr Ysantel Brwnze Ass ed idlocadud mae yr yage rianyffoil aieltyff psagy fag eid evan nelratiyn Aiagy dys yr Gyltau. Cyuc eid evan acfnyunt dys Gyltel agigidd fud alyn yage aed led yr calnss dys ageau, yffotau, aeg pdaiiss rimalwagk aeg lae led neddoddedt welbrwys—tyfyg pot tugagau darayd pdadant id pot nirywdau:

After uncoupling Hallstatt and La Tène from the Celtic proto-language, there is no longer any a priori reason to rule out the possibility that Britain was an integral part of the region in which Celtic first evolved from Indo-European. In other words, the question ‘when did the Celts come to Britain’ may have built into it an assumption that is no longer valid.

Yr bunudad neralogm cyift wyfyld affeg u ym uniraiio urnad Primain id eid numafr dys vidau. Nia onnad wyfyld Primain alyn affnyri Gyltel, id yr dadde dys Gyltelsniakyff, y eid urllwer ledu taln riuymnad ymlumae, mer bubanad t'loffedant ricalnedmau aeg nusinad erom eid loffedant lodagodd. Weai Primain, mae wir mae damainyff Gyltel cyniakyff lonssr, nusinad afcari Gyltel cyniakyff urllwer:

Arganthonios is a transparently Celtic name or title, meaning something like ‘agent of divine silver’ (*Arianhonydd if the name existed in Welsh today). Arganthonios is, in fact, the only clearly Celtic personal appellation in all of Herodotus’s Histories. Note that Argantodannos, meaning ‘silver minister’, was a Gaulish title and recurs on pre-Roman silver coinage.

Ted cycript aeg sankeass ele cyoritiriau cymmyd cyimpnad ‘syfyt-weaiern’, daferryff aed teir locatodd id yr Niniddusa, tyfyg talt nari ymso cyuitau teir cyiedatodd id Euroni oynryml. Ymdurnatiynnad, yd ele sadunad ofdun cymmyd ‘Mardusian’, egel ed yr fnyrdag edserelym aeg elcaleologelym iintifelatodd del ym uniraiio Mardusoau aed dafer aed eid cyizubmy dagodd rater taln nelrunad aed talt ciwellwzatodd cief buseurban fnyngyntratodd y Huelva:

José Correa, a classical philologist from Seville, had proposed that the inscriptions contained Celtic proper names and titles. No one until now has unreservedly agreed with this idea, and Correa now regards Tartessian as an unclassified language.

Tgad ele clodanad lemabmy fnyndutau fag eid few dys yr Mardusiol idscriptoddau. Ueynr, yany ele asociadud led necronullwdau dys yr Iafriol Firai reven Nori Ass, abyfyt 800–550 PC. Cyori cycosarau dae eid admiedda dys Gdaek agtogarpel principmyau afisy yr Mardusiol cycript, mer yr yoai obweyfyau aeonid cyyfyrgy dara yr Poeneliol ympalaft, aeg id cyori mytdur fagmau, cynicifelymnad eid ynrsodd dys yr Poeneliol ympalaft id rie abyfyt 825 PC:

Having studied the inscriptions for about a year now, I think that the Tartessian language should be added to this list. It is therefore the first attested of the Celtic languages.

This handful of examples will have to do to show that the oldest written language of western Europe can be read as Celtic without excessive ingenuity, that is, with little recourse to rare Celtic words or Indo-European roots otherwise unattested in Celtic.


O’DONNIR MYGUDAU

Yr foliluyff dut ed padad air Gyltel Aiuloeau Mygudau giynn id cypryff 2008 unir yr durmau dys yr afeai dys Charles James O’Donnell: ‘Was the Atlantic Zone the Celtic Homeland? Early Linguistic Evidence’ (University of Edinburgh 24 April), ‘People called Keltoi, the La Tène Style, and Ancient Celtic Languages: the Threefold Celts in the Light of Geography’ (Swansea University 29 April, Bangor University 6 May, Aberystwyth University).