Semantic Voids: meaningless words and worlds
Tysnur tydad lafyywp ed neet nur skinknirot logyd fagril myeb nyffriktywpys, ler enda tvo ynngad snerys: (1) semantik voidys id (2) dusgyffrsysnt myitin lwzafyywp. Som gydw semantik voidys inmasysn (2011) aiatys le ungimyn i onenlog naedyr aff yaned erfelnyff, ud sprak ä til edan fidu agin til myeafnir yanasysnkadam gydw ud yaned sysai, va implwsysd vagtskatys ynelnyff.
Enti, ymys i vagtskatys aff ud sprak ed ud nedy aff ud ield myitinlir “kelt” aff dayr spdatirys erfelnyff, rit i idloweduel idfynir nyffafjoiel fmykig i sumanerdtir tydaetys aff le erfelnyff som ynemynmae logyd i komyktiyn syswetet aff i sprak sysridkap, len etdu ed
nur til edan avrirtinmae le veli myitinlir “kelt” wel edan foil aff swri rumdys. Ys sankys kopaiedu semantik voidys id doud neet sarintra fud skild sprakys ynl skild folkys id kuledel alrir akumumysy skild erfelnyff durket i kvage aff syskit.
Sprakys og oyniragsysn til alrir ud skild zet aff myitinlwzmae emyrintys aff ir losnudanlir, vissa kredmalilizmae emyrintys rit ud skild gard aff ‘doduag’, ynel evokatiyn naedyr ed nej sansysrir unynn til i sprak sdatiel. Tysnuel oft sysbrusgyff yika aff gigyr myitin lwzmae emyrintys.
Ynn we loskudun i tydad lafjywp aff edredtir dukaiys logyd sidka til Englyska, etdu ed ynri wekt til yatin ud loloop risan i tvo durmid ‘tydad Satyff kuledrir’ id ‘kuledrig tydad lafjywp’. Tydad Satyff kuledrir, ud smym dad, fagynedad til i asysdan aff oyayrasysnksang riennyff logyd ud snizifik kuledrir-bjerig sprak til enrwygad. Kuledrig tydad lafjywp fagynedad til ud lonamig weirgonyff vel yma id ymtyff le enda ud il aff i idun uktywp tydad lafjywp undurgoud enirnyff, vel neetywpys enda posysnmae yifyd ynngad kuledel id yifyd yadelv. Le ed til sasysn, tydad satyff kuledrir ed ud asysdan nur tydad lafjywp id kuledrig tydad lafjywp ed i fagaianenig id isysnig aff kuledrig konzeptys.
Tydad satyff edredt dukaiys ed neet simplwg tydad satyff kuledrir, rin og
ivolynys kuledrig tydad lafjywp. Ud dad, tydad satyff edredt dukaiys ril tydad satyff i til kuledrir til i mydaner.
Etdu ed yndunn le kuledrir ed i “indusysdasy nederin aff yaned yndudimys, edan lwsysnfys, id afalvnyff le ed pole ud dasulmat aff id idugdanlir til i yaned tinnidmad gydw myrnenig id tydad mittyff yndudimys til suktielog sysnerasjod. Kuledrir lerfag afaianed aff sprak, eys, edan lwsysnfys, edlir, mabri, kodys, edtiedtywpys, edgys, dusgikys, ynrkys aff kudt, riedenlys, tidamopys, simbolys”.
Edredtir tildrasysnywpys enda oft duplwg ralokymmae i kuledrir aff ud sagid. Veli sosjet, op veli niv, ä dayr esysn kuledrir enflutnyffd logyd dayr syskit id sysogarfi.
Lerfag i enim aff edredtir dukai tydad satyff skumyn neet edan nur til nirfagmir kuledrig isysnig rin og til oyayadun kuledrir logyd sidka til Englyska.
1- Abbi, A. & Gopalakrishnan, D. (1991), Semantics of Explicator Compound Verbs in South Asian Languages, in "Language Science (LangS)", Oxford, England, 13 (2), 161-80.
2- Acquaviva, P. (2003), The Morphosemantics of “Transnumeral”’Nouns’, paper presented at the IV Mediterranean Morphology Meeting, Catania.
3- Ahlqvist, A. (1985), The Ordering of Nominal Compounds in Irish, 1-9, in Fisiak, J. (ed.), Historical Semantics; Historical Word-Formation, Berlin, Mouton, 1-10.
4- Alinei, M. (ed.) (1984), Word formation and lexical semantics, in “Quaderni di Semantica", 5.
5- Anderson, S.R. & S. Chung (1977), On grammatical relations and clause structure in verb-initial languages, in Cole P. & J. Sadock (eds.), in “Syntax and semantics", vol. 8, New York, Academic Press.
6- Anderson, S.R. (1976), Concerning the notion 'Base component of a transformational grammar', in McCawley J. (ed.), in “Syntax and Semantics", Notes from the linguistic underground, New York, Academic Press, 7, 113-128.
7- Andrews, E. (1996), The Semantics of Suffixation: Agentive Substantival Suffixes in Contemporary Standard Russian, Newcastle, Lincom Europa.
8- Apresyan, Y.D., A. Melcuk & A.K. Zolkovsky (1970), Semantics and lexicography: Towards a new type of unilingual dictionary, in Kiefer F. (ed.), in “Studies in Syntax and Semantics", Dordrecht, Reidel, 1-33.
9- Aronoff, M. (1974), The semantics of growth, Quaterly progress report, Massachussets institute of tecnology research laboratory of electronics, Cambridge (Mass.), MIT, 113, 159-162.
10- Aronoff, M. (1981)*, Automobile semantics, in “Linguistic Inquiry", 3, 329-347.
11- Aronoff, M. (1984), Word formation and lexical semantics, in “Quaderni di Semantica", 5, 45-9.
12- Aurnague M. & L. Vieu (à paraitre), Modelling part-whole relations semantics: insights from Basque and French.
13- Bailyn, J. (1994), The Syntax and Semantics of Russian Long and Short Adjectives: an X'-Theoretic Account, in J. Toman (ed.), Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics. The Ann Arbor Meeting. (pp. 1-30), Ann Arbor, MI, Michigan Slavic Publications.
14- Baldi, P. & V. Broderick & D.S. Palermo (1985), Prefixal negation of English adjectives: Morphological dimensions of productivity, in J. Fisiak (ed.), Historical semantics, Historical word formation, Trends in linguistics, in “Studies and Monographs", Berlin, Mouton, 29, 33-57.
15- Barjasteh, D. (1983), Morphology, Syntax and Semantics of Persian Compound Verbs: A Lexicalist Approach, Dissertation Abstracts International, Ann Arbor.
16- Beard, R. (1991), Decompositional composition: the semantics of scope ambiguities and 'bracketing paradoxes', in “Natural language and Linguistic Theory”, 9, 195-229.
17- Belletti, A. (1992)*, Agreement and case in past participle clauses in Italian, in “Sintax and Semantics”, vol.26, Academic Press.
18- Berman, R.A. (1982), Verb-pattern alternation: The interface of morphology, syntax, and semantics in Hebrew child language, in “Journal of Child Language", 9, 169-191.
19- Bierwisch, M. (1989), The Semantics of Gradation, in Bierwisch, M. And Lang, E. (eds), “Dimensional Adjectives: Grammatical Structure and Conceptual Interpretation”, Berlin, Springer Verlag, 71-261.
20- Bloom, L., K. Lifter & J. Hafitz (1980), Semantics of verbs and the development of verb inflection in child language, in “Language", 56, 386-412.
21- Booij, G. (1992)*, Morphology, Semantics and Argument Structure, in Roca, I.M. (ed.), Thematic structure: Its role in grammar, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, Foris Publications, 1992, 47-64.
22- Booij, G. (1992), Morphology, Semantics and Argument Structure, in I. M. Roca (ed.), Thematic Structure. Its Role in Grammar. Berlin and New York, Foris, 47-64.
23- Booij, G. (1995)*, Morphology, semantics and argument structure, Thematic Structure, Dordrecht, 1-20, ms.
24- Borer, H. (1986), The syntax of pronominal clitics, in “Syntax and Semantics", 19.
25- Briscoe, T., Copestake, A. & Lascarides, A. (1995), Blocking, in P. St. Dizier et al. (eds.), Computational Lexical Semantics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 273-302.
26- Carstairs McCarthy, A. (1997), How lexical semantics constrains inflectional allomorphy, in “Yearbook of Morphology “, 1-24.
27- Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (1998b), How Lexical Semantics Constrains Inflectional Allomorphy, in “Yearbook of Morphology”, 1-24.
28- Cattel, R. (1985), Composite predicates in English, in “Syntax and Semantics", New York, Academic Press, 17.
29- Chang, C.-H.-H. (1998), V-V Compounds in Mandarin Chinese: Argument Structure and Semantics, in Packard, Jerome-L. (ed.), New Approaches to Chinese Word Formation: Morphology and the Lexicon in Modern and Ancient Chinese, Berlin, Germany, Mouton de Gruyter, 77-101.
30- Chicago Linguistic Society (1984), Papers from the parasession on lexical semantics, April 27-28 1984, Testen D., V. Mishra & J. Drogo (eds.), Chicago, Illinois.
31- Chierchia, G. (1982), Nominalizations and Montague Grammar: A semantics without types for natural language, in “Linguistics and Philosophy", 5, 303-354.
32- Chomsky, N. (1972), Studies on semantics in generative grammar, The Hague, Mouton.
33- Condoravdi, C. (1989), The Middle: Where Semantics and Morphology Meet, in “MIT Working Papers in Linguistics", 11, 16-30.
34- Corbett G.G. (1980), Animacy in Russian and other Slavonic languages: where syntax and semantics fail to match, in Chvany, C.V. and Brecht, R.V. (eds), Morphosyntax in Slavic, Columbus, Ohio, Slavica, 43-61.
35- Crespo, R.& B. Smith & H. Schultink (eds.), Lexical semantics and related disciplines: A festschrift for Mario Alinei, Amsterdam, Rodofi.
36- Cruse, D.A. (1986), Lexical semantics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
37- Cuyckens, H. (1984), Towards a non-unified theory of word meaning, in D. Testen et al. (eds.), Papers from the parasession on lexical semantics, in “Chicago Linguistic Society", 71-80.
38- Dalrymple, M., Lamping, J. & Saraswat, V. (1993), LFG Semantics via constraints, in Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of the European Association for Computational Linguistics, University of Utrecht.
39- de Armond, R.C. (1974), Generative semantics versus generative syntax: Verbs and nouns derived from adjectives, in L. Heilmann (ed.), vol. I, 389-397.
40- Dixon, R.M.W. (1973), The semantics of giving, in M.Gross, M.Halle & M.P.Shutzenberger (eds.), The Formal Analysis of Natural Languages, The Hague, Mouton.
41- Dixon, R.M.W. (1977), Where have all the adjectives gone? An essay in universal semantics, "Studies in Language", 1, 19-80.
42- Dressler, W.U. & Ladányi, M. (2000), On contrastive word-formation semantics: transparency / opacity of German and Hungarian denominal adjective formation, poster presented at the 9th International Morphology Meeting, Poster Session, Vienna.
43- Dressler, W.U. (1985)*, Suppletion in word-formation, in J. Fisiak (ed.), Historical Semantics Historical Word-formation, Mouton, 97-112.
44- Dressler, W.U. (1987), Suppletion in word formation, in J.Fisjak (ed.), Historical semantics, Historical word formation, Berlin, Mouton, 97-112.
45- Evans, R. & Gazdar, G. (1989), The Semantics of DATR, in Cohn, A.G. (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, London, Pitman/Morgan Kaufmann, 79-87.
46- Fass, D. (1993)*, Lexical semantic constraints, in Pustejovsky, J. (ed.), Semantics and the lexicon, London, Kluwer, 263-289.
47- Fillmore, Ch. (1971), Verbs of Judging, in Ch. Fillmore & D.T.Langendoen (eds.), Studies in Linguistic Semantics, Rinehart & Winston, New York, Holt, 273-89.
48- Fisiak, J. (ed.) (1985), Historical semantics; historical word-formation, Trends in Linguistics, in “Studies and Monographs", 29, Berlin, Mouton.
49- Fraser, T. (1985), Etymology and lexical semantics of the Old English preverb be-, in J. Fisiak (ed.), 113-126.
50- Gaeta, L. (1999), On the Interaction between Morphology and Semantics: The Italian Suffix ATA, in “Acta Linguistica Hungarica” 47(1-4), 205-229.
51- Geurts, B. (1988), The structure of nominal concepts, in Werner Huellen and Rainer Schulze (eds.), Understanding the lexicon: Meaning, sense and world knowledge in lexical semantics, Tuebingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag, 97-109.
52- Giorgi, A. & Pianesi, F. (1995)*, From semantics to morphosyntax: the case of the imperfect, in Bertinetto, P.M., Bianchi, V., Higginbotham, J. & Squartini, M. (eds.), Temporal Reference, Aspect and Actionality, Vol.1, Semantic and Syntactic Perspectives, Rosenberg&Sellier.
53- Giorgi, A. & Pianesi, F. (1997), Tense and Aspect: From semantics to morphosyntax, New York, Oxford University Press. Reviewed by C. Tenny, “Language” 76 (1), 2000.
54- Gordon, W.T. (1978), Morphosemantics: A neglected chapter in linguistics, in “Glossa", 12, 3-15.
55- Grandi, N. & F. Montermini (2000), Semantic Interaction between Base and Affix in Word Formation Rules, paper presented at the First Pavia Postgraduate Conference in Linguistics (Issues in Inter- and Intraclausal Semantics), Pavia.
56- Grice, P. (1975), Logic and conversation, in Cole P. & J. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and semantics, 3: Speech Acts, 41-58, New York, Academic Press.
57- Gruber, J. (1976), Lexical structures in syntax and semantics, Amsterdam, North-Holland.
58- Higginbotham, J. (1985), On semantics, in “Linguistic Inquiry", 16, 547-593.
59- Hoeksema, J. (1987), The Semantics of Non-Boolean ‘and’, in “Journal of Semantics”, 6, 19-40.
60- Hopper, P.J. & Thompson, S.A (1982), Studies in transitivity, in “Syntax and Semantics", New York, Academic Press, 15.
61- Hopper, P.J. (1979), Aspect and foregrounding in discourse, in Discourse and syntax, in T. Givon (ed.), Syntax and semantics, New York, Academic Press, 12, 213-241.
62- Hopper, P.J. (1982), Tense-aspect: Between semantics and pragmatics, in “Typological Studies in Language", 1, Amsterdam, John Benjamins.
63- Hudson, R. (1992), Raising in syntax, semantics and cognition, in Roca (ed.) (1992), 175-198.
64- Huellen, W. & R. Schulze (1988), Understanding the lexicon: meaning, sense and world knowledge in lexical semantics, Tuebingen, Niemeyer.
65- Jackendoff, R. (1983), Semantics and cognition, Cambridge (Mass.), MIT Press.
66- Jackendoff, R. (1989), Semantica e cognizione, Bologna, Il Mulino (trad. it. da (19863) Semantics and Cognition, Cambridge (Mass.), MIT Press).
67- Jackendoff, R. (1991), Parts and Boundaries, in B. Levin and S. Pinker (eds.) (1991), Lexical and Conceptual Semantics, Blackwell, Cambridge (Mass.), 9-45.
68- Jacobson, P. & P. Neubauer (1974), Extraposition rules and the cycle, in Fillmore, C.G. Lakoff & R. Lakoff (eds.), "Berkeley Studies in Syntax and Semantics", vol. I, Berkeley, Dept. of Linguistics and Institute of Human Learning, University of California.
69- Jaeggli, O. (1986), Three Issues in the Theory of Clitics: Case, Doubled NPs and Extraction, in Borer, H. (ed), “The Syntax of Pronominal Clitics. Syntax and Semantics 19”, New York: Academic Press, 15-42.
70- Jäger, G. (1999), Optimal syntax and optimal semantics, Paper presented at the DIP Colloquium, University of Amsterdam.
71- Jones, A.W. (1992), The Hidatsa "Approximative": Morphology, Phonology, Semantics-And an Approximate Look at Ablaut, in “Anthropological Linguistics", 34 (1-4), 324-337.
72- Jurafsky, D. (1993), Universals in the semantics of the diminutive, ‘Berkeley Linguistics Society’, 19, 423-36.
73- Jurafsky, D. (1996), Universal tendencies in the semantics of the diminutive, “Language, 72, 3, 533-578.
74- Kamp, J. (1975), Two Theories About Adjectives, in E. Keenan (ed.), Formal Semantics of Natural Language, London, Cambridge University Press, 123-155.
75- Kastovsky, D. (1973), Review of Ljung, Magnus, 1970. English denominal adjectives.A generative study of the semantics of a group of high-frequency denominal adjectives in English.( Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis 21),Lund,Almqvist & Wiksell, in Anglia 91: 505-514.
76- Kastovsky, D. (1976), Word-formation, or: At the crossroads of morphology, syntax, semantics, and the lexicon, L.A.U.T.
77- Kastovsky, D. (1977)*, Word-formation, or: at the crossroads of morphology, syntax, semantics and the lexicon, in “Folia Linguistica", 10, 1-33.
78- Kastovsky, D. (1985), Deverbal nouns in Old English and Modern English: from stem-formation to word-formation, in Fisiak, Jacek (ed.)., Historical semantics. Historical word-formation. (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 29). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 221-262.
79- Kastovsky, D. (1992), Semantics and vocabulary, in Hogg, Richard M. (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language. Vol. 1. The beginnings to 1066, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 290-407.
80- Kay, P. & K. Zimmer (1976), On the semantics of compounds and genitives in English, Paper presented at the 6th Annual Meeting of the California Linguistics Association, San Diego.
81- Kitagawa, Y. (1987), Redoing reduplication: a preliminary sketch, in “Syntax and Semantics", 20, 71-106.
82- Koenig, J.-P. (1994), Lexical Underspecification and the Syntax/Semantics Interface, PhD thesis, UC Berkeley.
83- Lakoff, G. (1971), On generative semantics, in Steinberg D. & L. Jacpbovits (eds.), Semantics: an interdisciplinary reader, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
84- Lakoff, G. (1972), Linguistics and natural logic, in Davidson, D. & G. Harman (eds.), Semantics of Natural Language, Dordrecht, Reidel.
85- Lang, E. (1984), The Semantics of Coordination, Amsterdam, Benjamins.
86- Larson, R.K. (1998), Events and modification in nominals, in D. Strolovitch and A. Lawson (eds.), Proceedings from Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT), VIII. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
87- Leech, G. (1974), Semantics, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, England.
88- Levi, J. (1975), The syntax and semantics of nonpredicatings adjectives in English, unp. doctoral Dissertation, University of Chicago, distributed by IULC.
89- Levi, J. (1976), A semantic analysis of Hebrew compound nominals, in Cole, P. (ed.), Studies in Modern Hebrew Syntax and Semantics: a Transformational-Generative Approach, Amsterdam, NorthHolland, 9-55.
90- Levi, J. (1978), The syntax and semantics of complex nominals, New York, Academic Press.
91- Levin B. & Rappaport, M. (1995), Unaccusativity: at the syntax-lexical semantics interface, Cambridge Mass., MIT Press.
92- Levin, B. & M. Rappaport (1992)*, The lexical semantics of verbs of motion: the perspective from unaccusativity, in Roca (ed.) (1992), 247-269.
93- Levin, B. (1985)*, Lexical semantics in Review, Lexicon project working papers, 1, Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1-62.
94- Li, C. (1971), Semantics and the structure of compounds in Chinese, unp. doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley.
95- Lieber, R. & Baayen, H. (forthcoming), Morphology and Lexical Semantics, Mr. University of New Hampshire, and Max Planck Institute for Psycolinguistics.
96- Lieber, R. (1984), Grammatical rules and sublexical elements, Papers from the parasession on lexical semantics, Chicago Linguistic Society.
97- Lieber, R. (2003), Compound Interpretation: Lexical Semantics, Not Syntax, in G.Booij, J.De Cesaris, A. Ralli, S.Scalise (eds.), Topics in morphology. Selected Papers from the Third Mediterranean Morphology Meeting, Institut Universitari de Linguistica Aplicada, Universitat Pompeu Fabra
98- Lipka, L. (1983), A multi-level approach to word-formation: complex lexemes and word semantics, in S. Hattori & K. Inoue (eds.), 926-929.
99- Lipka, L. (1990), An outline of English lexicology. Lexical structure, word semantics and word-formation, Tuebingen, Niemeyer.
100- Ljung, M. (1970), English denominal adjectives. A generative study of the semantics of a group of high-frequency denominal adjectives in English, in “Gothenburg Studies in English", 21, Lund, Studentliteratur.
101- Lyons, J. (1977), Semantics 2, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
102- Lyons, J. (1977), Semantics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
103- Makino, S. (1976), Nominal compounds, in Syntax and Semantics, in M. Shibatani (ed.), Japanese generative grammar, New York, Academic Press, 5, 483-498.
104- Manzini, M.R. (1998)*, A Minimalist Theory of Weak Islands, in “Syntax and Semantics”, vol.29, The Limits of Syntax, Academic Press.
105- Mayo, B., Schepping, M.T., Schwarze, Ch. & Zaffanella, A. (1995)*, Semantics in the derivational morphology of Italian: implications for the structure of the lexicon, in “Linguistics", 33, 883-938.
106- McCawley, J.D. (1975), Review of N. Chomsky (1972), Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar, The Hague, Mouton, in “Studies in English Linguistics", (Japan), 3, 209-311.
107- McCawley, J.D. (1976), Remarks on what can cause what, in Shibatani, M. (ed.), "Syntax and Semantics", 6, the Grammar of Causative Construction, New York, Academic Press, 117-129.
108- McConnell-Ginet, S. (1979), On the Deep and Surface Adjective Good, in L. Waugh and F. van Coetsem (eds.), Contributions to Grammatical Studies Semantics and Syntax, Leiden, E.J. Brill, 132-150.
109- Mercier, A. (1988), Morphology and semantics: a functional composition alternative to the level ordering hypothesis, Master Thesis, UCLA.
110- Meyer, R. (1994), Konstruktion von Komposita-Repräsentationen in einem modifizierten DRT-Ansatz, in Schwarz, Monika (ed.), Kognitive Semantik/'Cognitiv'e Semantics, Tübingen, Narr, 61-79.
111- Moskey, S. (1976)*, Morphology in case grammar and in generative semantics: evidence from Dutch, Washington D.C., Georgetown University Press, 40-62.
112- Newmeyer, F.J. (1976), The precyclic nature of predicate raising, in Shibatani, M. (ed.), Syntax and Semantics, 6, the Grammar of Causative Constructions, New York, Academic Press, 131-163.
113- Ohlander, S. (1972), On generative semantics and denominal adjectives, in “English Studies", 53, 1-17.
114- Petersen, W. (1910), Greek diminutives in -ion: a study in semantics, Weimar, R. Wagner Sohn.
115- Pollard, C. & I.A. Sag (1987), Information-based syntax and semantics, vol. I: Fundamentals, Center for the study of language and information, Stanford, Stanford University.
116- Rappaport, M. & Levin, B. (1988), What to do with Theta Roles, in W. Wilkins (ed.), in “Syntax and semantics", 21, 7-36.
117- Roeper, T. (1988)*, Aspects and compounds: Syntactically constrained semantics, in Tenny, C. (ed.), Studies in Generative Approaches to Aspect, Lexicon Project Working Papers 24, 195.
118- Rohdenburg, G. (1988), Semantic fringe phenomena involving nominal compounds in English, W. Hullen and R. Schulze (eds.), Understanding the lexicon: Meaning,sense and world knowledge in lexical semantics, Tuebingen, Max Niemeyer Verlag, 204-215.
119- Rosenberg, M. (1975), Generative vs. Interpretive semantics, in “Foundation of Language", 12, 561-582.
120- Ross, J. (1972), Act, in Davidson D, & G. Harman (eds.), "Semantics of Natural Language", Dordrecht, Reidel, 70-126.
121- Sauer, H. (1985), Lazamon's Compound Nouns and Their Morphology, in Fisiak, J. (ed), "Historical Semantics; Historical Word-Formation", Berlin : Mouton, 483-532.
122- Schaeffer, J. (1993), Dutch Nominal Compounds and the Innateness of Level-Ordering, in Beghelli, F. & Kural, M. (eds.), Recent Papers in Syntax, Semantics, & Computational Linguistics, Los Angeles, Dept. of Linguistics., Univewrsity. of California, Los Angeles, 65-86.
123- Schwarze, C. (1991), Concept types and parts of speech with special reference to the lexicaligation of Region Concepts in French, in “Journal of Semantics", 8 (4), 333-361.
124- Shelvador, C. (1974), The semantics of + and #, in “Glossolalia", 16, 415-436.
125- Shibatani, M. (1976) (ed.), The grammar of causative constructions, "Syntax and Semantics", 6, New York, Academic Press.
126- Shumaker, N.W. (1975), The semantics of the English 's genitive, AS 50, 70-86.
127- Siegel, D. (1973), Non-sources for un-passives, in Kimball, J. (ed.), "Syntax and Semantics II", New York, Seminar Press.
128- Sproat, R. (????)*, Syntax and semantics of productive deverbal morphology, 101-253.
129- Stowell, T. (1991), Alignment of Arguments in Adjective Phrases, in S. Rothstein (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 25, Perspectives on Phrase Structure, New York, Academic Press, 105-135.
130- Stump, G.T. (1990)*, Breton inflection and the split morphology hypothesiss, "Syntax & Semantics", 23, ms., to appear.
131- Tamaoka, K. & Hatsuzuka, M. (1998), The Effects of Morphological Semantics on the Processing of Japanese Two-Kanji Compound Words, in "Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal", Stillwater, , 10(3-5), 293-322.
132- Tedeschi, P.J. & A. Zaenen (eds.) (1981), Tense and aspect, Syntax and semantics, vol. 14, New York, Academic Press.
133- Tenny, C. (1994), Aspectual Roles and the Syntax-Semantics Interface. Dordrecht, Boston and London, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
134- Tenny, C. (1994), Aspectual Roles and the Syntax-Semantics Interface, Dordrecht: Kluver Academic Publishers.
135- Testen, D., V. Mishra & J. Drogo (eds.) (1984), Papers from the Parasession on Lexical Semantics, Chicago, Chicago Linguistic Society.
136- Thompson, S. (1971), The deep structure of relative clauses, in Fillmore C. & D.T. Lagendoen (eds.), "Studies in Linguistics Semantics", New York, Holt, Reinhart & Winston.
137- van Marle, J. (1988), On the role of semantics in productivity change, in “Yearbook of Morphology", 1, 139-154.
138- van Santen, A. (1986)*, Synthetic compounds: syntax or semantics?, in “Linguistics", 24, 645-660.
139- Venneman, T. (1973), Explanation in syntax, in Kimball J. (ed.), "Syntax and Semantics", II, New York, Academic Press.
140- Vichit-Vadakan, R. (1976), The concept of inadvertence in Thai periphrastic causative constructions, "Syntax and Semantics", 6, Shibatani M. (ed), New York, Academic Press.
141- Walinska de Hackbeil, H. (1984), On two types of derived nominals, in D.Testen, V.Mishra & J.Drogo (eds.), Papers from the papasession on Lexical Semantics, in “Chicago Linguistic Society".
142- Warshawsky, H.F. (1976), Reflexivization, in McCawley D. (ed.), "Syntax and Semantics", 7, Notes from the Linguistic Underground, 63-83, New York, Academic Press.
143- Wierzbicka, A. (1986), Italian reduplication: cross-cultural pragmatics and illocutionary semantics, “Linguistics”, 24, 287-315.
144- Wierzbicka, A. (1988), The Semantics of Grammar, Amsterdam and Philadelphia, Benjamins.
145- Wierzbicka, A. (1996), Semantics – Primes and Universals, Oxford and New York, Oxford University Press.
146- Wierzbicka, W. (1968), On the semantics of the verbal aspect in Polish, To honor Roman Jakobson: essays on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, 2231-2249, The Hague, Mouton.
147- Wilkins, D. (1989), Mparntwe Arrernte (Aranda): Studies in the structure and semantics of grammar, Ph.D. dissertation, Australian National
148- Wilkins, W. (ed.) (1988), Thematic relations, in “Syntax and Semantics", 21.
149- Wood, M.M. (1985), The semantics and dynamics of derivation, in G.A.J. Hoppenbrowers, P.A.M. Seuren & A.J.M. Weijters (eds.), "Meaning and the Lexicon", Dordrecht, Foris, 49-54.
150- Woodbury, A. (1977), Greenlandic eskimo, ergativity and relational grammar, in Cole P. & J. Sadock (eds.), "Syntax and Semantics", 8, "Grammatical Relations", 397-36.
151- Woodbury, H. (1975), Onodaga noun incorporation: some notes on the interdependence of syntax and semantics, in “International Journal of American Linguistics", 41, 10-20.
152- Zubin, D. (1979), Discourse function of morphology: the focus system in German, in T.Givon (ed.), "Syntax and semantics", New York, Academic Press, 12.
153- Zubizarreta, M.L. (1992), The lexical encoding of scope ralations among arguments, in E. Wehrli & T. Stowell (eds.), Syntax and the lexicon, Series “Syntax and Semantics" 26, San Diego, Academic, 211-58.
154- Zwarts, J. (1992), X'-Syntax - X'-Semantics: On the Interpretation of Functional and Lexical Heads. Utrecht: Onderzoeksinstituut voor Taal en Spraak.
155- Zwicky A.M. & J. Sadock (1975), ambiguity tests and how to fail them, in Kimball J. (ed.), "Syntax and Semantics", 4, 1-36, New York, Academic Press.