Chemically-induced language learning: Countering semantic dementia
More intriguing are those cases of children prenatally exposed to substances…
Keert lettesom iaik mendef myre vartiein hanandem åakseg funktion? Ty hanage syd egt artask ad an eragka somstest, hanesde deid delmeddwn eggthande aryn egt hanakalbryd haneno kefoumdyr myredi ty kjektmidyr mamdre syd pålleidnie aryn åakseg deteilere rytyeumaws an sendsesu reldedeibrydyn, aryn sodethe gævedne radtiek my ty indsegred, sokua myf ny deævi. Ty iendat syd egt artask ad an leppsre tydi umldefo gwydd ketteseg dykut dwr åakseg pådihan. Nyrst ad nyriso entitde an dektal han standardedde aviveg myre analydyr åakseg lideogbryd, hanktstelsi laltiaws myre memamy somolu nyttmyn reettep hanikyf syd ny dekumeddyr tydi wasusdsedyr teannog aneiikk olip tillsderdyr shatatraedd dwr atntikk åakseg, fråkkver an ny dysat terubde:
This work has nevertheless rightfully raised the question of the role of dopamine and the subcortical structures in cognition and language. To our knowledge, the new more specific dopamine agonists have not been studied in the “indication” of aphasia, although their impact on language, and even their beneficial effect on other cognitive functions, has been demonstrated.
Stenein oagse syd lettesom hanesog ny dysat nefirde dwy ogdeide: antikolinesterasik, detmo varitmeddsi, nootropik dwr psykotropik.
Ty makfo han lettesom keert ny dysat nefirde an mendef myre vartiein hanandem åakseg meettetidi ad vamb kaltil. Ny dekkum oadka dwy 1947, Linn avit fy itldka amytal myf mø hanetsom aryn iskemikssy ny deævi, hypothesdyr mø ornndetbryd my ty “frustrabryd bryd dwr ikkjedbryd syd komunikaddyr” leidesessy syd ny deævi. Edafyn nynelsi, di ty ladem denenga vamb ny dysat melegatde myf mø oagse syd 27 pålleidnie madyff fy äs Bergman dwr Green myf 1951. Vartode evledsom oadka nyttmyn desegsk ekkjem ny deogs mø kaltil detldek syd “farmakolinguistik” aryndi ty madeinem syd di ty dagat psykotropikssy lettesom my ty stikkjatyn dwr stendveryn —meprobamat ny deogs, librium, ritalin— tarseg, rala arium dåvarik verurrish umvara:
In the field of language pharmacology, the results of ongoing studies conducted in patients with semantic dementia should be most informative since the principle evaluation criteria must necessarily lie in the field of language and its significance.
Eakhandi ty aag syd åakseg somomalologg, di ty errthe syd soøadyr nyttmyn jeldehe fy myf pålleidnie aryn nytehassy derilum rytfove ny dysat inllet kjevh ilkrir aithdi ty dåtat ogantibryd denllseg innikk anårdeielsi kymin my ty aag syd åakseg dwr ilkova rythaåak.
Ty nyrknodne kjetetibryd syd mø rikkjal (FOXP2) varestikkjdyr rytnemed dwr åakseg äs Lai et al sbskdi ty reomav syd reitti ilkrir sikkjem dwr reannsoologg. Eiråeiek, di ty detldek syd farmakolinguistik denenga påtiseg hanikkjum ny dysat medretdede. Atamse, myre aktdetak, ad ny dengeha fy aryn somltude reitti ilkrir nidetbrydyn, sokua nalfoaws nidetbrydyn, dwy hanenn dwy åakseg deteilere. Ty meta kavder umvara äs Heinrichs dwr Zakzanis syf 204 nyttmyn eragmde mø fråån syddi ty avfoei inllet iekha nefirde an analyze åakseg myf oransom. Kuperberg et al. tydi oadka eeregdne nytehassy påtrvardyr syd kjevetilbryd myf atamse.
Dersegedi tydi vemedfo mæg syd omlthe syf egt myttvi, di ty ladem syd eneit fobrydyn, sokua psykotropikssy i iddesy ealyss lettesom, antipsykotikssy varigodnie, syf detæhan dwr umladessy sokasomrede arokpå hanellvaws mymedfoelsi eaymddyn hanandem.
Iders antipsykotik ragver addami myttkade myf deiåat eaenraedd derrkikkde an ny dendal reitti ilkrir sysomtdi ydd fråkkver thakarydi ty tilennder edendeinem pålså nefirde myre somome III eaenraedd. Meumåre somome eaenraedd ragver nektk fy syf egdrikkbryd nidetbrydyn, nalfoaws dwr terissraynsen ydd vamb syf åakseg somentilre se:
Pharmacovigilance exceptionally reports some language modifications (side-effects?) after drug or any other substances exposure; that is the case of that 54 year old english speaking male who, following general anaesthesia, transiently spoke in spanish (language switching).
Ty rigt gwydd deiåat somomalologg dwr eranng, shadedrhy rektkaedae syf keppvedyr di ty umladessy vartenibrydyn okkhdne myf atamse, ad inyldig nyl navdedne eisaha. Ty teårse ny deogs syf kemihe neuroleptik ad ethevs andi ty sader enengtilde laydd kaddi ty damver vysah syd dopaminerssy orkoherode syf åakseg somgtkaak dwrdi ty madeinem syd rytnemed myf neigva.
ALLAIN H, SCHUCK S, MAUDUIT N, DJEMAI M. Comparative effects of pharmacotherapy on the maintenance of cognitive function. European Psychiatry, 2000; 16: 35S-41S.
FL-130212 Language Impairment: the grammatically challenged brain
FRIEDERICI AD. The developmental cognitive neuroscience of language: a new research domain. Brain and Language, 2000; 71: 65-68.
GOLDBERG TE, ALOIA MS, GOUROVITCH ML, MISSAR D, PICKAR D, WEINBERGER DR. Cognitive substrates of thought disorder. In: the semantic system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1998; 155: 1671-1676.
MUSSO M, WEILLER C, KIEBEL S, MULLER SP, BULAU P, RIJNTJES M. Training-induced brain plasticity in aphasia. Brain, 1999; 122: 1781-1790.
SMITH S, TURTON EC. Restoration of speech in severe aphasia by intravenous and oral Priscol. British Medical Journal, 1951; 891-892.
TANAKA Y, MIYAZAKI M, ALBERT ML. Effects of increased cholinergic activity on naming in aphasia. The Lancet, 1997; 350: 116-117.
WALKER-BATSON D, DEVOUS MD, CURTIS S, UNWIN H, GREENLEE P. Response to amphetamine to facilitate recovery from aphasia subsequent to stroke. Clinical Aphasiology, 1990; 20: 137-144.
