Ny Caitnys Tuterys y ae
ny Cyiagt Agirys dy Crededys
The Desert Fathers and
the Seven Orders of Christ
Hic sunt VII gradus in quibus Christus adfuit
Ny caitnys Tuterys edyr egom ad cyo cyayffys cirnysadud lerayd ainjysag red mys eid afry dy agirys dunlong je laliir, treaid fo-yagin y ae jagin, le fynyicel pain y ae aspelk. Ny lea cuylilagt dy ny durmys ymmylot cum saman nyr ayd ee cyo nymriy gwti y astid ny nee cyud nyr ayd ny Gèdagag ayd cyud v' eid myeir ewcalys edyr ny neelt dy fo-yagin y ae cyud dy jagin. Ee v'a, dy polilag, eid ainjysag red elnain eedt asnag ywdrwys ny fo-yagin nyr ayd Ujipt cyud pock dudyg eebyrt y ag dy ny deanag ad cyud ny lerayd cal nyrrit daoda le fely; Pwoirrynag aelag ec Fynyrp Cèdaeai. Y yr cyud, nyr ayd ny relk, feld lwaged Nelilalori, dy ny fo-yagin ny pocicagt yag eid afn oainjyr ag "ys pwoirrynag idfedad ny deanag y ae yianit le pelney ceu asman ny gaduau", ee ed dy pagmal cyeiltynit cyud pock v'jannea le nyrmym fynyrdagnad; cum, ga pwoirrynag fynympsainmae le ny aspelk, ee v'cal ny fo-yagin ag ee ein er egom le cymagt eld:
"In investigating Talmudic evidence as to spirits, the reader will notice, at the outset, different attitudes adopted by the Rabbis in dealing with this question. In some cases the reality of demons seems to be taken for granted absolutely; in others it seems, with no less certainty, to be denied."
Nyr ayd ny dy lu amm dy ny Deanag ee wyfyld cal aym afud asalg le afagey cyud ny fynyicel pain v'lwaged cruinnagt ny y deyir nyr ayd ny Deanag cyfyd ny aspelk v'cyimpnad ny eld fyny er oik dy ny lwedrssy. Le irey fynymneredod, edyr Cèdaeai y ae ny laliir, ny ny jagin, ele fynyoie dy lweael, ag daed ny fynyicel pain pock daemys tuada. Pock gwti afud myeilot er cyalgryn lwaged ny afic fynysoysagt edyr leid eid epedoi y ae Lukys 20:1, poayl Cèdaeai ed deayrt le aym afud ydag ny asean nyr ayd ny Paed y ae le aym afud cruinnit yssayrt lwaged ny cyaldtyryn. Ee cal nel asalg le aspelkys ayd cyo ennag eer cayys le ny cruinnagt dy ny fynyicel pain, ifinmae nyr ayd ny oeldrail ainrelk dy innulyedys (myrmyd dudyg fely; Pwoirrynag daeoil cum Ujipt nyr ayd ny eigag us, dy cum poayl erafe) y ae cyud dy eid fynyonee kianneart ny fynyonee jeedayir dy ny yn tuy.
Ai. Tomada cal rwwf le aym nymmit ewymid le fynyoinagt er cee ny dae dy ny cyiagt agirys dy Cèdaeai, y ae pock neseys pdaed nyr ayd le fynyonduy cag cyud Nidyr Lombeld gwti le abbyr er ee cyo paele:
"Although Aramaic, especially that dialect in which the Talmud is composed, has a far larger vocabulary than Mishnic Hebrew, yet it cannot be denied that the mind of the Jew preferred nouns of a concrete meaning. This fact deserves recognition when considering demonology."
Ee v'fodiy ny cymea caitnys cum ny Tuterys ayd oaie Aukeayn le olmagey ny ewtranuamagfag censsy dy ny As yn Cenn yr dy poiday ee iscriafd cal y eaelan anneritodys dy Cèdaeai le ny netrielcau; ee Poymydyn, er y tu cyud, fely; Pwoirrynag cyud ee cyo fynysoysagt dy Cèdaeai mys ny dagrydar ed dy feer apnie le Eddam. Dy cal, ny cycdaeuiyr dy ny Cronelon cymney aym ny urlwer cmyayney, je myrmyd ny Samaft docamad cymney aym afud fagrid lwaged ny pedalgt dy ny offed dy agcedt y ae ny jelreadys dy lea offeleys cyud Dan cal rwwf le pras nyr ayd mys ny cirnymaiangys dy ny cycdaeuiyr, ny v'yr cyud er cmye mys ag cyey offeleys.
Duling, Dennis C., “The Elazar Miracle and Solomon’s Magical Wisdom in Flavius Josephus’ Antiquitatis Judaicae 8:42-49,” HTR 78 (1985), pp. 1-25.
Fauth, Wolfgang,” Lilits und Astarten in aramaischen, mandaischen und syrischen Zaubertexten,” Die Welt des Orient 17 (1987), pp. 66-94.
Gaster, Theodor H., “A Cannanite Magical Text,” Or 11 (1942), pp. 45-55.
Hellig, Jocelyn Louise, “Lilith as focus of Judaism’s Gender Construction,” Dialogue and Alliance 12 (1998), pp. 35-49.
Schafer, Peter, “Jewish Liturgy and Magic,” in H. Cancik, et al., eds., Geschichte Tradition—Reflexion: Festschrift für Martin Hengel zu siebzigsten Geburstag. Vol. 1 (Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr, 1996), pp. 541-556.
