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Du azeliz ku Bagram

 

Ku 330 da dinai, ie asiss tamasem aryir zadam ku Bactria jer na issin, Alexanderka mi Macedonika selad ush ekü tyilir 50 yn ïshi mi zo unin ekü tyilir mi Kabul ku Afqanistan, bi zo unentüloass mi zo Qorband jer Panjsherka iddenku, jer azent medad nar Alexandriar. Ush dü nirinai nin terka, sema rile fiss lekukushu, arï tamasem aryir semelen zok entekue rilead ush pï paha varilue yzo zo semak elara jer ush tasit zenter terka, lefarun nam un zo kushan leleir lenirir (78–200 öku dinai).

 

Zo kushaner, ush elei asï, inuedad rile zo yueh chih amunuushu; öku çeverium iddasïad ieku zo menaka Yueh Chih, zo kushaner inamad enoad nir ïy ku hissila nidd ïshi na Afqanistan jer ïshi eluh aza. Un zo kushan ïnaum Kanisha (ad 78–144 öku dinai), Bactriana Alexandriana, öï entie berka Kapisa, lem zo kushan yndenika zale. Enazdu zokuelyi unin fentun arikuead bi zo kueldi ku zo 20 bïenair.

 

Lera enu kukirad ku 241 öku dinai fe zo zoku sasanidu, Kapisa (unin Bagram; finiad enoad defïkaushu 454.000) sizad ush eken zodepa mi enelaz. Kazad enoad fe fiss entekuele kya, nar lem zo ilalum iïmum likï ki nama elei dinand.

 

Ku zo inen mi 1950 zo bï, yir zo tieveniri vem mi Bagram, zar esieïad enoad berka ush ndale eza ki zo larue ïen nuebi. Fiss biridd zar iedil iele sedad fe zo entesidd ashiad ïidd ie zo han anissanushu mi Afqanistan (1979–1988). Ie zo irueïya azol entes aze odanaloa larue loïusha, zo bï zar dunïil bihen entesiddad jer af entesiddad kuedeçu ente iend. Ku idder semï 2001 zo Bagram biridd kuk lem nir semilona shipa eza, arï isem iele sedad fe tamasem aryir oshim mi zo Namaad Enoad entuaru unakinyum ïen zal ari talibari ier ku Afqanistan.

 

 

Bartold, Vasilii Vladimirovich. (1962) Four Studies on the History of Central Asia. Trans. by V. Minorsky and T. Minorsky. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.

 

Hackin, Joseph. (1954) Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Begram, ancienne Kapici, 1939–1940: rencontre de trois civilisations, Inde, Grèce, Chine. Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan. Paris: Impr. Nationale.

 

Spear, Percival. (1951) Twilight of the Mughals. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.