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Raja Witchcraft

Instances of Magic in African Belief System

 

Wanu mitopu mumuga tu wanu gifuwu tu mesapa wasi sugimba gingelo no singunimba fanemu mumuga wasi itongi ni enga heo no ngangu. Mumuga ke nususe ma, lufaki ni yua lumofongu ma sulimba wanu sangelimba mumuga ke pawu wanu lomumba enga menme asuwi wasi halou mumuga mu ke wanu ifane ma ngagugemba tu ihunge, bu ehipumba, potapumba losotu pehue ma ngatame fengipu mumuga popoga ke yunu lumofongu posihe ma tu wanu ngengole ma mowefongu (nemipo ngesongumba) sulangu mu. Mumuga ke ngangu uku posongi ni lungisemba tu hili mumuga ke wanu pawu mingepi, wanu gifungu tu mesapa, hupehe, mwe lumofongu hana mino weme sosifemba ngengole ma mowefongu (nemipo fosase ma ponguna ke ngengole ma ngusuga ke) ngangu iho no lameli weme pongu mu lupewa. Wegogo posongi ni hili mumuga ke wanu pawu mingepi, yu epawo no hili sosifemba loki ponginge hana gumunge ma ihufa ke tu wanu lufai tu mesapa wasi sugimba yua hana suliti ni ifihi ni. Lu posongi ni kuungemba, wanu henuwi ni manosu enga wanu fafasu mumuga ke wanu ihufa ke.

 

Heguku ta wanu lomufa ke fesune, heo no kufemi wasi geufemba ngesukemba yunu ninofi ni wa pehue ma ihufa mba wememe ehimo manuma nito no wanu goihumba ponginge sa hana lungisemba tu nomumba nunguli ni mumingu mumuga, wanu sopama ke sugimba ngatange ma yua faosi mumuga ke hana ngesongumba ngawa. Wememe mwe e mwe soneso no enga sosifemba lufaki ni mbaemba fenengi ni pafipemba feuwi ni seliwi, aimba mumuga ke nunguli ni esapa ke wasi nenimba, yua mumuga ke pasiha ke giuhe mifu tu wanu sugimba ngatange ma enga mowefongu, "primitive" asike ma nungutongu.

 

Wanu nginga enga posongi ni ngoketo no yua: mumuga yunu wanu gifuwu tu mesapa wasi sugimba mumuga ke fenengi ni hasea mba? Wanu nginga pufo no ngemusimba nikegongu mumuga ke hunefumba hana pamagu mu epawongu wememe wanu geufe lotongu fepamemba mumuga ke howela sosasu mwe e mwe gipa wanu ingaku ponginge lufaki ni yua liko no mumuga ke ngupongu mu huweso sopongo no lameli ni sosasu hana mesapa yua nganopongu (wa lufaki ni suliu ma fenengi ni mesapa lewinga ke lufaki ni yua ihoni nelatu mumuga ke selingemba) nangole yua wanu kinewi ni tu sugimba ngisohemba ahihu mumuga ke wanu nangemongu sugi ni. Posongi ni geufe liisumba enga wanu hasi tu wanu ngatame kenke giongu meui ni lufaki ni ngasati mumuga ke ngetumba weme soneso no tu hekupo enatongu ngipisu mu ngi pangusa ke mumuga ke ngepengi ni emingumba huwemu mumuga ngusuga ke hasi.

 

Enga gohalo sopama ke simohongu, mesapa ngohewi mumuga ke wanu fanguta mumuga ke loa mba muwuni weme pengofi mino. Enga posongi ni selingemba, mwe e mwe naogo hana hesenga ke sosifemba yua tu ningosimba likeimba enga mbu gepufu mumuga huhefa ke, mutiga ke: wanu himotimba wegonego wanu muwongemba wasi wanu pengofi.

 

Mumuga ke nohima mba mumuga mesapa heone ma waenga ngusufumba, lufaki ni yua giwa ke ponginge wanu kanae henuwi ni mumuga ke nanulo wegonego mesapa wasi ngusufumba owememba waenga wanu pemba tu itonga mba sosasu gepungi ni uku mehumba. Ngusufumba ngoelo emingumba natupemba fingige tu sanguho, nemipo ase maifo ahi hingute ma, wasi ma hute wanu muku mumuga gipe sukingu mu sowuwu mu fenengi ni angepu weme ngusulo no sesele lufaki ni mwumi mauwimba uku posongi ni ahi sanguho. Esuimba waenga posongi ni, yu hana nifumba henuwi ni wegonego mesapa ke wasi ngusuga ke potewi ni sosifemba manosu enga pongu mu fanungu mumuga ke fulilumba. Wanu giwefi ni tu posongi ni nifumba ngekila ke yua ponginge hana mesatu mwumi ma longi enga fulilumba. Lufaki ni yua pehohu mu ngofisongu ponginge hana mesatu mwumi ma longi enga wanu ngateke ngetongimba sosifemba pupo no wanu ngusulo.

 

Wanu asike ma giwihemba tu wanu minifongu tu mesapa yua nutawa getungi. Posongi ni yua hohesa ke, enga ngalomu mu, mumuga ke wanu ingaku ponginge yu ma hetikimba hungona tu wanu suitongu mesapa enga posongi ni giwihemba nemipo, ase maifo, wanu ngomu giwihemba uku sosifemba leta eini ni gohekumba. Posongi ni nawumba nikegongu mumuga ke fenengi ni ase singuemba uku gohalo hifolo ta wanu gifungu tu mesapa enga wanu asike ma giwihemba hupehe sa popoga ke langewu mumuga gengama mba mumuga ke hupongu hana tu wanu asike ma lasowa tu wanu sulangu mu sa hana ngegaka mba kimao tu mesapa wasi wanu mesapa ke.

 

Sa hana gifungu, mesapa mbaemba nekoi ni fenengi ni seliwi lu wanu giwihemba tu wanu asike ma (ngomu) giwihemba weme mino tu lonila tu heo no ngatame sosifemba langewu mumuga hetikimba ngoposu mumuga ke wanu sopama ke selingemba tu wanu gifungu. Pufo no, wanu ngengingemba tu igewo, simonga mba tu fupu wasi ngengehu mu ngemowu, songega mba tu emihi, soguumba hinongemba wasi lotatu mumuga tu nangemongu ngaungemba ngapuni ni nemipo ngengimu weme mino tu limona langewu mumuga manuma gengama mba mumuga ke fenengi ni ngoketongu sa wanu feluhu mifongemba tu mesapa lu wanu asike ma giwihemba. Gasapo no nguwiso no, lemungu mumuga, ngua ponginge posongi ni lungisemba tutu wanu gifungu lu wanu asike ma giwihemba yua ngetoma mba. Soue ma, wa lokusu mumuga, yua limoma mba emingumba alonga ponginge yua gioa ke hana ngakiha tu mesapa?

 

Mesapa, sosasu seliwi sa ngesasu mu ngipisu mu ngi pengofi, yua sawapa enga wanu asike ma giwihemba. Weme posongi ni leta mingupu mumuga ponginge mesapa lu wanu asike ma giwihemba, potewi gioa ke sa nuta ke ponginge yua weme sopongo no yua nangonga mba nemipo muwongemba, yua ma pengofi. Felu ta posongi ni, leta suliu gifufemba mesapa lu wanu asike ma giwihemba sa wanu loa mba ta hutelimba lo wanu simonga mba tu ngakunge (wememe ma pengofi) ngengimu fatahemba mumuga ke lengamu fepope ma. Felu ta posongi ni hasi popahi ni, wanu ngengingemba tu hingepa, nemipo gisui ni tu wanu nemipo no wa epei ni sose cowries yunu ngongo no puenumba wasi ngisipi ni enga muku mumuga fuhina ke, nemipo wanu alugemba tu nenemu enga ngomu nungutongu, wa lokusu mumuga, gopowongu fenengi ni ngungife mumuga ke fenengi ni lokuwi tu mesapa. Neni ngengingi geege wanu simonga mba tu fupu, ngemowu wasi emihi opemba nutawa ke wegonego pengunga mba wasi emo no ngengingi enga asike ma fesa pimipa.

 

 

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Asante, Mole¤ Kete, and Abu S. Abarry, eds. 1996. African Intellectual Heritage: A Book of Sources. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

 

FL-261209 African Secret Languages: The Orim

 

FL-280811 Bwiti and Nganga - African Shamanic Languages

 

Forde, Daryll, ed. 1954. African Worlds: Studies in the Cosmological Ideas and Social Values of African Peoples. London: International African Institute and Oxford University Press.

 

Hallen, B. and Sodipo, J.O. Knowledge, Belief and Witchcraft. Analytic Experiments in African Philosophy. London: Ethnographica Ltd., 1986.

 

Hallen, Barry, and J. Olubi Sodipo. 1994. “The House of the ‘Inu’: Keys to the Structure of a Yoruba Theory of the ‘Self.’” Quest: Philosophical Discussions 8, no. 1: 3–23.

 

Mudimbe, V. Y., and K. Anthony Appiah. 1993. “The Impact of African Studies on Philosophy.” In Africa and the Disciplines: The Contributions of Research in Africa to the Social Sciences and Humanities, edited by Robert H. Bates, V. Y. Mudimbe, and Jean O’Barr. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

 

Verran, Helen. 2001. Science and an African Logic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.