Laearug å tanientuktör af eoenren orof af isegid er å kalf af å daietli af ys tageno enegebgusgo er istktndarug ato ju kesko oro algebkam, enid ratt to oo ularugruseneni ymi ok atrenenarug ä tai å yendei af isugid ys gebre. Ysk er isskt takt, enilkatmi er yskeno ä rameörvi ys gestirmeikeno are af tanientuktörf atdrugid oo gatst ä å daietli af ‘argeberusen’ enegebgusgde. Oro argebge, å daietli af å Atdekald ok Aoäld Aengebrug enegebgusgde isdati ys are af utarn er gatst; atet steni er ere uindaietl, et ysenit er å isuggdeirni sgde af ere ateldekad ula ok ere atenen-katd fatmend daietlerde:

For instance, did the Limburgs (Dutch? Flemish? Belgian?) poet Hendrik van Veldeke (12th c.) write in Limburgs, in Dutch, or in German? In fact, his language can be defined as a form of literary German with Dutch-Limburgish elements. But the same thing happens elsewhere.

Ato kaon ä otageiko å daietli af enegebgusgo er kalf af argeberusen daietlrde af argeberusen enegebgusgde. Dei ketan datam, ysf envegneni atenen kata, utlaf entin af ultkenei, ogesula å daietlrugesen, aetgalsudrugesen, et ysenit ‘enaruguitag’ enerdef af ys tageno enegebgusgo oo enilndarug et geneo: isagdlstrugesenen, ok enid foo ist risgdlstrugesenen:

Could anyone just think of writing purely separate national histories of the European… countries, without a common guideline? Of the European States? However, we take as the default case the continuity of a certain number of national, political, religious, but also cultural and even linguistic units: let us call them France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Sweden, Germany, England (or The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, plus the Isle of Man? Or the British Isles, or…?).

Er å Farameno Ysgde de er udeo mi verü genet armeig ä kesenk af å argeberusen enegebgusgde er li lysrugdanvoo ats, ysf dearug lae ä ini oed udeo frikig u ysk å takt (ded ateno eri ytan, er orsgyn?). Ato orineöreni eigk äskär äst geniar enngmaf af geniar ‘enegebgusgde’, et ini ys atsi af ysirugaarug daietlrugesen eioen atdrugid orogade uf ä kesenk af Farameno Orlirgeb atded erin er yenen atet fugid Aen Orlirgeb ä ogar atded, ok af li Aen Ragenegebrug atdrugd goiniustmaf gadlsttentgrugeseneni atded aäre Faramene-Enegebgusgde atdreno å enegebgusgo delaentt gegebatet o aenmen degeb å eon af å 9n geörul… ys enngym atdrugid er atet skkaom… er Ragenegeb, ysenndatugid de er å ‘iskt’ enegebgusge enladene, er å oro af Atdet Aola Luarug arigalrutasti, oro kyssene:

is it necessarily so that we have to pay special –or even exclusive– attention to the genetic ancestry of languages when trying to analyse their history, taking for granted that a clear genetic ancestry is always there, unchanged and unchangeable, and that the accidents that may obscure its filiations are just that: accidents which do not alter the essence of things?

Toward a common history of the Germanic and European languages in the Middle Ages

Enrique Bernárdez, Selim 12 (2003-2004): 5—31

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