Ve nifdabain eff zasid ve i vimğisyţe znaguiga, is els mil eff daguvesakl, ve il ğezzewl:
"A substrate language that predates syntactical, lexical, and semantic structures belonging to another language, usually under language contact situations"
Vere nangrer? Znaguiga-jiskikd čabureainl?
- Iffazuna
- Geilu
- Wisćigiul ti čisa
- Féşi adsclgscdy
- Féşi sadkuni
- Wizil
- Kegeutgi
- Kuğóğui
- Tuimnasati
- Ekgig Azymab
- Ğuswilji
- Gimmynn
- Ganmnaíi
- Uařa
- Uscm féşi
- Zigg
- Daguiggai scretgerji
- Geznit Zveu
- Ştaukan
- Tilsi
- Tesj
- Nežcu
- Sedwazlk
- Čki
- Dazdi
- Čvreu
- Čzi
- Ustiki
- Čaşna
- Zekgig
- Řué
- Zyab
Şez zuguer jistukelg zabis ve ğuag eff daguvesakil sca juzzia nilksuwig il daguvesak zuguer. Veia isčfan asgeirel sa tvekullain eff čeke afokesk eff znaguiga. Zufo jistukelg sem zabis ve ğuag eff daguvesakl, dves zugia ve ted če şuk i daguvesak zugia il ab ve i zugia eff daguvesakl:
Burke’s assertion that cryptolects are the “anti-language of a counter-culture, or a marginal language for marginal people, misses the point that most of what he terms "marginal people" do business at the NYSE, develop DNA chip arrays at Ness Zion, and daily manage international transactions in the world markets
Is gscange elsml, ab ve as ařimdareain eff ew daguved ge ibêd veul sini. Edd, umğsadnadzi, ab ve as ařimdareain jistukelg fia as islunis bia i niscsakuğnad sredal na čumğzia i jizfokwurin eff ebresvreainel şini fia as êdlunis. Kakufyţezi, ve zugia ve i anvuaw eff ve vedusia eff i niscsakužc unigeuzesj şeniz eff jimmutyskreain, zysk asil wisca amğzeiesj zabis ve tvekuğzda sa tasćia ğufdia iascl (you cannot do market intelligence in Singapore without knowing Xié; you cannot fight the situation in Lahore without knowing Shvati, yet nobody teaches you Xié or Shvati).
Ab ve as ařimdareain eff ew vere şeniz ničazeğek, kanig, edd gidaesj isfzuscana zabis ve tvekuğzda, edd ew, ynn čeke stadl, vere isfzuscana asil wiguin nir zna:
Of course, in-group languages are often stigmatised and there are prejudices against those that speak them
Fuska (2010) uniskufuer ve ğêl şida iğğ zyskreainel eff is-gsêğ edd rekand znaguiger il widag ksiğdufoš, uniskabia sžckanl, jscgtal, sa dagui snakil. Ksiğdufokdge ure eff znaguiga rea mil nir wi ve scai vere asil gsctanesj ve ganrerd imêsk eff čkežćia iselanz, nanasiğl tua nir ve čekewasid rekia sa čkutgeêl jittedreainel illekuresj zab abel amğzeikesk.
What do we really know about the African languages spoken in Brazil? Unfortunately, the answer to this question is almost nothing (Bonvini 2008a:21; Castro 2001:71). Yet, into the early 21st century, varieties of African languages have survived in various forms – such as liturgical languages and as cryptolects.
Il ve nir wi ařğakelg, ksiğdufokd sca časia şuk jitfdaesj nir kemwisl eff i gsêğ, edd asiča i elstscakia nir ğzêsve is scail dan ve gsêğ kemwisl sca kzerezia čusčaiek, čuk il ismrer is i nisveynn (Fuska 2010:7): Affelian, Alashi, Bearlagair na saor, Bérla etarsgartha, Bérla fortchide, Belas, Calunga, Cupópia, Diamantina, Eddag, Elyamit, Furbesco, Gammon, Germanía, Huexe, Iarm bérla, Ladd, Linguaggio arsenalesco, Lisu (Golden), Moniker, Nashta, Ned, Polari, Rotwelsch, Sca, Shelta, Shvati, Sla, Undaca, Verlan, Weddag, Xié, Zayit...
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