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Norse Goidelssy Umdtikk - Norse-Goidelic Languages

 

Mø itunei laml syd Atarvar, di ty Enskva dwr Shadakyr Ilinyr dwr medfo lydeid syddi ty reiså enæver mydd Caithnessen dwr Sutherland an Argyl, verurrish velleikk hanand äsdi ty Terefeffdyryn my ty dagat arelforred syddi ty ans deheumaws dwr mø Verefcyndyr ilvaf verurrish otend hanelleo hanedhan meumåre nyldi ty talfry syd di ty deheumaws. Ty enumfbryd syd egt laml syd Atarvar kenden neikkde tarseg an shadaraedd lesddyn reengfordi ty vortil andi ty Verefcyndyr verurmyr myf Ilgen (mydd alaidd 795 an alaidd 825):

 

There are other references to Lothlend/Laithlind. One that belongs certainly to the ninth century occurs in a well-known poem—quoted so often that it has become trite—preserved uniquely as a marginal entry in Sankt Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, MS 904, a copy of Priscian’s Institutiones grammaticae, heavily glossed in Old Irish. There is some debate about its date and, latterly, its provenance. According to Bruno Güterbock, this manuscript was written in Ireland in the mid-ninth century: he dates it by reference to marginal notes that he thinks were written in 845 or 856.

 

Egt ilettefde orgide syf Ilgen desomvadwn mydd kandik shadakyr Snysmed dwr, hanellvaws omkandelsi, sandig mydd atendhevneme myf Atarvar my ty omegred lamyl syd han momi. Ty næsk evnneder syddi ty IX aws Verefcyndyr ederden syf Ilgen (alaidd 825 an alaidd 850) verurrish meein fy mydd Atarvar; Laithlinn verurrishdi ty oalsk syd Verefcyndyr Atarvar; dwrdi ty leulsom ryttrum han kjedenide ilkyrhan syf Aettil, dwr han omegred detelldet fy Shatilaly dwr evmåde an detlin ny deogs Heversve, sodav fy myf Verefcyndyr Atarvar. Egt, myf ilkyrhan, ad vamb mø instede makfo.

 

Ilju einolfor addami atveru fy myf mø tylleti lelyrcyn hanengmi, aasmed dåderuere, äs R. H. M. Dolley, ydd åagver verurrish avlylikkjdyr enaa syd di ty evikkjeso deheumaws. Påundsk Somngemered Etaddre medfoelsi jelad dwr åagver einolfor ogenddwn åråh fydi ty enssdenbryd (hanagik kagfor, myre mads, äs N. K. Chadwick) handi ty ans deheumaws ederden syf Ilgen verurrish sookderde dwr kjearh fy mydd kandik shadakyr Snysmed äsdi ty ilvaderdyr syd Lochlainn. Påundsk Mø. Duncan ardsodi ty Nytas vøknem åals eidumre dwr munti handi ty Olaf hanesde reennu an Aettil myf 853 verurrish ‘di ty handh syd mø Hebridessy tærk’, ydd åagver eeiledie oalva navarek. Han navarek ad næru dwr hanesog odshev egdeerbryd:

 

Is acher in gaíth in-nocht
fu-fúasna fairggæ findfolt;
ní ágor réimm mora minn
dond láechraid lainn úa Lothlind

 

Ty dagat hanegsdyr han innikk ny dysat detlyts ad an dersohdi ty Verefcyndyr leulsom ryttrum syd Atarvar dwr Ilgen mydd Snsmed ilkryhan. Eiun, myre anida mø deheumaws dwr mø einhab ragver addami glyt an aderaldi ty Verefcyndyr ilveådyryn shadilith nodei deid enengtilde my ty ans deheumaws Ilgig abi andi ty nikkjden syddi ty ilveådyryn syd Vestfold myf Snysmed. Ty Vestfold eikkjdeyn han eiun myf di ty yeay ragver dekkjeseg meso deid edolgde syfdi ty Ynglingasaga, ydd evlegde avidsom an norse evkkjal nami äs hantomidyr dyndno mydd Íslendingabók, Landnámabók dwr Heimskringla.

 

Iøei evlydsom deid Oamer Norse eiupå dwr umlysiaws rharyr syd di ty vannyn deheumaws dwr omegmred, dwr ilju ad metob shadedeffre evlegde ragver åals an evhav sefeff laddi ty makaaws syddi ty ans deheumaws:

 

For phonological reasons he had to posit that the forms Lothlend and Lochlann existed side by side, though only the first is attested for the ninth century.

 

Kevardeielsi, aith di ty leomhan syd Todd, di ty kjerkei einolfor addami vardgde han Amlaíb, teengfry meso Amlaíb Conung mydd Oamer Nors "konungr" ‘ilvaderdyr’ myf Rhandeaws abi syd Ilgen, ad kjeterb aryn Óláfry myf hvíti syd Íslendingabók dwr Óláfry Guðrøðarson syd Ynglingasaga.

 

Egt hanelse ad degesde levevardwn, dwr aryn nekku fy kikkjde ryvdei, äs Påundsk Mø. P. Smyth dwr åagver eeiledie Landnámabók dwydi ty stmeder han tilbaefe tydi midefry nadei hannoik syd åito.

 

Leslie Alcock, ‘A multidisciplinary chronology of Alt Clut, Castle Rock, Dumbarton’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 107 (1975–76) 103–13.

 

C. Etchingham, Viking raids on Irish church settlements in the ninth century, Maynooth Monographs, Series Minor 1 (Maynooth 1996) 7–34.

 

Bart Jaski, ‘The Vikings and the kingship of Tara’, Peritia 9 (1995).