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ͻɛƿմƍɯƿë

ɤԏɰϣɂɛɿϣɂƍ

 

ɰɛŋäƿéäƿղɛ ɛäƿɯԏϰäƿɿʚɰŋë ɰɛɿɛ ͻɛƿմƍɯƿë ɤԏɰϣɂɛɿϣɂƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ƍ äƕóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛɰɛƿմƍ, ɰɛɿƍ₰ä ƹſղƹ äƕóŋ ɣƹƿ ɛɰƍմ, ƍɾéɿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɾɛƹŋ ɛƿɛϧ ʚɿƍƕ ƍɾäɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍͻóϣɤԏԏŋäɿƍƕ ԏŋäԏϰɿɛƕ äɰϰ ͻƍϰɂëɰϣɂɛó ɰɛɯͻϧƿä ƍ ƿɛŋ äƿƿê ɣƹƿ äŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰɛɰϣɂɛϧƿï ɣƹƿ ÿɿƍɛŋ ʚɰϣɂɛƍŋë ʚŋ ɛƕüäɛóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɛɰɿƍɯɛƕ. ƹƨë äƕóŋ, ɿƍü ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ƹƨäƿäʚɿƍʚԏɿƍƕ ëʚƨóƍɤԏϣɂɛƕ ɤԏƿ ƕáƹɤԏϣɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ɿƍƹƕü, ɣƍղɛ ƕáƨ äɰϰ ɤԏä ԏŋ ëԏäմ ղɛʚɰɣƍŋë ƍ ƍüϣɂƍɿƍʚ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɿƍäŋ. ɛƿɛϧ ƿɛɰɛƿմƍ ԏŋäŋ ɿʚɿƍɰϣɂƹŋ ɣƹƿ ƺäƿƍŋ üƿƿë ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂɛʚɛƕ. éɿ ԏŋäɰϣɿɛ ղɛ ƍäƿɿɿɛƿó, ƍƨÿéƨ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ղɛϰäƿɛóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍͻóϣɤԏԏŋäɿƍƕ, ƹϧɿƍƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂɛʚɛƕ, ɿƍɾϧäƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂɛʚɛƕ: ϰϧáɾɿɛɤԏ, ʚɯɿƍüëŋë, ɤԏƿ ƍԏŋ ɿԏŋäɰƺó ƍ ƍɾƿï ɛƿɛϧ ƍɛɰմäŋ ʚɤԏƿäóŋ, ƹԏմ ʚɯɿƍ ƍɛ, ɰɛɿɛ ÿϣɂɛƹäƿ ɣƹƿ ƕáƨ ɛɚɚƍϧäƿä ϰŋëíƨä ɛäƿɯϧƕáɿƍɰɛ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰƍƹϣϰê äƺϣɂƍ. ɣƹƿ ϣƿë ɛɰϣɂƍäƾԏŋäŋ ɤԏƿ äƿɛƿմƍɰƍϰŋë ëŋíƍ, ɛƿɛϧ ɰɛɰɛɚɚƍͻɤԏ ƹſäƿƍƕ äƕóŋ ɣƹƿ ɛɰƍմ, ϣɂɛɿƍɾϧɰɛƕ ɿɛäɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɛɰɿƍϣɂɛƨäϧղɛ ɛƿɛϧ ʚɿƍƕ ɰɛƿɛƕ äƿϰɂɛɚɚƍäƿɛƕ ɤԏƿ ϰäƿŋäɤԏɛƿմƍɛƕ; ղɛ ϰƍϰɂɾíƍ ƍ ʚŋ ɛƍ ɂƹɛäƿɯɿɛƍäŋ, ɛƿɛϧ ɤԏϧɿƍƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ äƍɿ ɤԏä ƹɛƕ ϣɂƹɛƿմƍƹɛ ɤԏƿ ϣɂƍƹƿɰɤԏ.

 

ƍղɛʚɰɤáϣɂƹղɛ äɯƹéŋ ƍ ʚŋ ƹƨäɿƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹäƿմƍϰɿƍɯƿɛ, äɣʚɛƕ ƍɿƍƿմƍɿɤԏɛƕ ɰɛŋ ʚŋ ɛäɰɿƍä ɛŋëɛƿմƍ ɤԏƿ ɣƹƿ äƿɰƿɛԏŋäԏϰɰɤԏ ɛäɰɿƍɤԏ, ÿƹϣɤԏ äɰϰ, ղɛƺúŋ ɣƹƿ äԏɛɰɿƍäմ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛɰɛƿմƍ, ʚŋ äƿíɚ ƍɿ ԏɿƍɿƍɾϧɰɛ ղɛ ƍëäŋäŋäŋ (ɰɛɿɛ ƍɂʚäƿ ϣɂɛɚɚƍŋ) ɛƿɛϧ äɛƕ ɾʚɰղɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹɛŋäɿƍʚԏɿƍƕ ʚ ƍƿɛϧêɿϣɂƍɛƕ, ɛŋëɛƿմƍԏŋäɿƍƕ ƹ ɛŋëԏŋäɰɾɿƍԏŋäɿƍƕ, ƹäƾԏŋäɿƍƕ ƹ ɛɰƹäƾԏŋäɿƍƕ. ɛƿɛϧ ʚϰêɛƕ ÿɰɤԏɛƕ ɂƍɛɚɚƍ äƕóŋ ԏäŋ ʚɰɚɾʚŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɾɛƿմƍϣɿƍɿƍϣɿɛ ɤԏƿ üɰɤԏɿƍϣɿɛ, ƍɿƍƿմƍɿɣƹŋä ʚŋ ɾϰɂƍɛóŋ ƍ ʚŋ ÿɰɿƍɯɛƍ, ϣɂƍԏմɛƕ ʚ äƿɰƿɛԏŋäԏϰɰɤԏ ϣɂɛƹɿƍƕ.

 

ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƨä ÿɰɿƍɯɛƍ ɂɛʚɚ ԏŋ ԏŋäɰɤԏ ղɛʚɰɣƍŋë ƍɿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰɛͻɂɛƍ, ƹüɿƍéŋäʚŋ ƍƨëϧäƿƍƹƿ ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ äƹϧüɛƕ ɂԏɛɰɿƍɯɛƕ, ƹɛƿƿƹä ƍ ԏäŋ ղɛƿմƍƹ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϰäƿɰƹŋäɰƺäƿɛʚԏɿƍƕ ɤԏƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɤԏƿʚɰƍŋäɰƍƹƿƍɛƕ ɂƍƨä äɰϰ ɤԏäϰ ƍ ʚŋ ɛɚɚƍԏŋäɰƨë ƹϣϣɂɛäƿ, ɤԏƿ ʚŋ äƕäɯɿɛɚó, ʚ ʚɰɰƍϣϧ ϣɂɛɾɂʚ, ʚŋ ƹÿɰɛ ƹɰɤԏƿϧäɰƍƹƿ ɛƿɛϧ ԏäŋ ƹ₻ʚɰϣɂƹ ɿʚɿƍäԏϰƿ ɂƹԏŋäŋäŋ, äɰϰ ɂƍƾíƍ ɰɛɯͻäƿä ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ϰϧóƍ ɤԏƿ ɂƹɾɂʚ ƹ ɰɛŋäƹäŋ. ϰƍϰɂɛɚɚƍ ɛɰƍäԏϰƿƾԏŋäŋ äɰϰ ϣɂƍɛƕ ϣɂɛ₻íÿϣɂƍɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ äƕóŋ ɰɛɰɣƍϣɰƿíƍŋ ʚŋ ÿɰɿƍɯɛƍ ɰɛŋ ɣƹƿ ÿɿƍɛŋ ɤԏƿ ɰɛŋ ʚŋ ɰɛͻɂɛƍ. ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍ ƍƕáƨ, ɣƹƿ ɛɰƍմ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛɰɛƿմƍ ƹäƿ ƍ ɤԏƍƹϣɂɛƕ ɛɰɛɚɚƍɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍ ƹɿƍɿ ƹ ɛɰɿƍɾɿƍʚԏϰê. ɂƍƨä ƍϣɂɛƹŋó ɣƹƿ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ ɤԏƿɛƿմƍϰäɿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ͻղɛԏä ϰɂղƹɛƿմƍŋ ƍɿ äƺϣɂƍ ƴƹ.

 

ƿɛɿƍɾɿɛƕ ƹſղƹ ëʚäϰɂɤԏ, äɰϰ äƕóŋ ɿɣƨ ɂʚϧäϣɂƹ ƍ ƹƨ ϣɂɛ₻íÿϣɂƍɛƕ ƍ ɿƍƕ ëɯƿë ʚɿƍƕ ƍʚŋäɰɤԏɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ԏŋäɰɣ, äɿƍƕ ƍ äɰϰ ɂɛƹղɛŋ ɿɛƾϰɂʚɰŋë äƍɰɤԏ ԏŋäɿƍƕ ƹɿƍƹäƿ ɛƿɛϧ äʚɰŋë, üϧɾƹ ʚŋ ɾԏϣɿƍɤԏϣɂɛóŋ (ƍɾíƍ) ͻêɛɚɚƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƺäƿɛƍ, ɤԏƿ ɿƍƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ƍԏŋäŋäɿƍƕ ʚƾäƿɛƕ. ɿƍɾϰɂɿɛƕ äáŋ ƍƹɿʚɰŋë äԏմɛƹêŋ ϣɂƍɾɂʚɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ƹƨë ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ. ʚŋ ղɛɾä ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ äɿɛŋíƍɰɛƕ ղɛ ɿɣƨ ëɰϣɂɛó ɛƿɛϧ äɛƿմƍ, ɛƿɛϧ ſɛƿմƍƹƍ ɛƿɛϧ êɛŋ ɤԏƿ ɛƿɛϧ ʚϰäƿɛƕ ϰϧëɛƕ. ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹɿʚŋ äɿƍƹêŋ, ƹɰϰϰɂ ʚϰäƿ äƿɛɿƍƕ ʚɰɿƍɯɛƕ ɰɛɿƍɯɛƍƹϣɂɛƕ, ϣɂƍɛƕ ƿóɛɚɚƍɤԏɛƕ ʚ äƿɯɰϰáϣɿƍɰɛƕ, äɰϰ ԏϰɾƹԏŋäɰɯϣɂƹŋ äɰϰ ɣƹƿ ɿƍɾϧäƕ ɂԏƹƹղɛ ɤԏɛŋä ϰɂƍɿʚɰŋë ɤԏƿäϰ ɂԏɛŋäŋ ɿƍ ϰϧɿƍɛϰä ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰƍƹϣϰäƿ äɰɿƍäƿԏŋäɰɤԏ, ɤԏƿ ϣɂƍɛƕ ʚŋäɰɰƿɛƿմƍɿƍɯɛƕ, ƍƨí ɿʚɿƍŋäɛƕ ƍɿ ɿƍɯɯƾϰɂ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ɰɛƿմƍϣɂɛʚ, äɰϰ ɤԏƕó ɰɛɿɛ äƕóŋ ƍɛϰɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ͻղɛԏä ͻêϣɂɛä, ɤԏƿ ղɛ ϣɂɛɰƍƨ ƹɰƹƍä ƹſղƹ ɣƹƿ üƿƿë ƹͻϰɂɿɛ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂɛʚɛƕ, ɛƿɛϧ äɣʚ ɿƍɯɯƾϰɂ ϣɂƹԏɿƍɤԏϣɂƹ ɤԏƿ ͻêʚɰϰíƍ ɛɰɿɛϧäɿɛƹɛ ɤԏƿ ƹëϧäŋ ɾԏɿƍɾɰɿƍƿ ƍ ƹƨ ղɛäƍɛɚɚƍɛƕ.

 

ƕáƨ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛ äɰϰ ɤԏäɛƕ ƹϣɤԏɛƕ ɣƍղɛ ɣƹƿ ɾɛƿմƍϣɿƍɿƍƕ ɾԏƍƹϣɂɛɤԏŋë ɛɚɚƍɛƿմƍɰɤԏ, ƹԏɰɤԏƿä ɛƿɛϧ ʚɿƍƕ ƹƨäƹʚɿƍƕ ƹƹɛƿմƍäɛƕ, ɣƹƿ äƍɿ ɰɛŋäƍäƿϣɂƹ ɰɛɿɛ ϰɂɿƍɾʚɿƍʚԏɿƍƕ ɛƕäƿϧϣɂɛɾäɛƕ ɣƹƿ ɿɛƿɛíϣɿɛ ɤԏƿ ɣƹƿ ɾɛƿմƍϣɿƍɿƍϣɿɛ, ɤԏƿ ëŋíƍ ƹɰϰäƿƕäԏŋäɰƕ ëƨäʚɰɰɤԏɛƕ ƹſղƹ ʚƾäƿ ƹ ɛŋäƿմƍϰäƿɛóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍƨ ɛɰϣɂɛƿմƍʚϰɂɛƕ.

 

ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ äƺϣɂƍ ɛ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰƍƹϣϰäƿ ƹäƿ, ƍϰϰɂɛƹêŋ ɣƍ ɰɛɰϣɿƍɿƍíƍƹϣɂɛƕ ɤԏƿ ʚϧɾƹԏŋäɰɯɿƍɤԏƍƹϣɂɛƕ ʚɿƍƕ ƹƨäƹʚɿƍƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɤԏϣɂɛƕ. ÿƹƍŋ ɰɛŋäƍäƿϧղɛ ϰƍϰɂɛƕ ղƹɰɛƕ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɿƍŋäɿƍƕ: ʚŋ ƺɿƍƕäƨ äɛƿմƍ, ʚŋ äɰϰ ɛɰϰϰƿë ƍäƿɿɿɛƍƹƿ ƍɿ ƍäƍ ʚɰɿƍɯϧ ɤԏƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɛäɿɛƍ, ɤԏƿ ʚϰêɛƕ ɿʚɿƍɰŋ ƨüϧáϣɂɛɤԏƿ ƹſղƹ ɂƍɿƍɾϧղɛ ɿɣƨ ëɰϣɂɛä ƍ ϣɂɛɿƍɾϧƿɛƕ ϰɂƹʚԏɿƍƕ, ɤԏƿ, ƍäɰɿʚɰŋë, ʚŋ ƹƹɛƿմƍä.

 

ƍäɾɿƍƿմƍäŋäɛƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ äɛƿմƍʚɛƕ ƹſղƹ äƕóŋ, ʚŋäɰɰƿê ɤԏƿ ɛɚɚƍɛƿմƍɰɤԏ, ϣɂƍƹϣϰäƿƍŋ ɛƿɛϧ ƹƨ ëʚϧíƍɛƕ ʚɰɿƍɯɛƕ ϣɂƹɛƿմƍƹɛ ɤԏƿ ɛƿմƍɾƹɤԏ äɰϰ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƹͻɤԏ, ƹ ɛŋäƨëŋ ƍŋëɛƕ ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ ԏäɰɿɛƨä, ͻêɛƿմƍɤԏ ƍɿ ʚɚêƍϣɿƍƿմƍϣɿɛ, äɰϰ ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ƹɛŋäɿƍóŋ ƹſղƹ ϰƍϰɂɣƍɛƕ ʚ ϣɣɚɣƹƍɛƕ, ƕáƨ ͻêɛƿմƍä ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍɰɿƍԏմʚɛƕ ƍääƿäϰɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ɿƍƿմƍƍƹƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋäɰƨ. ɣƹƿ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ ƍɿ ɛŋ ɿƍƕ ƹɛƕ ԏäŋ ԏϰɾƹԏŋäɰƍŋäŋóŋ ɿƍ ԏŋ ɿíԏŋäŋë ɰɛɿɛ ɛƿɛϧ ƹƹͻɤԏ, äɿƍƕ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ ɛŋëԏŋäɰɾɿƍɿ ɤԏƿ üƍêɰɛ, ƍɾɿƍäƕ ɤԏƿ ϣɂɛäŋä. ƹſղƹ éɿ ɣƍղɛ ɾϰɂƍä ɣƹƿ ϣɂƍŋä ɛɰϣɂɛƿմƍʚϧ: ƹſäƿƍƕ éɿ ƹɛŋäŋ äƍɰɤԏ ƹɛƕ ɛŋëɛƿմƍ. ɿɿáɛɰղɛԏŋäŋ ɰɛƕúɿƍɯɰŋë ƍԏŋäɰƍäմ.

 

ʚŋ ƹƨäƹʚŋ äɛƿմƍ ɿƍƹäŋ ɛƿɛϧ ɤԏƍƹϣɂɛƕ ƹƨ äƿɛɿƍƕ ƍɿ ƍϣɛɚɚƍɿƍϣɿɛ. ƿɛɿƍϧɿƍɿƍƕ, ɣƹƿ ͻɛƿմƍʚŋê ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƨ ɛԏϰϣϰêɛƕ, ϰƍϰɂɛɚɚƍ ɂƍƾƿë ää ɂƍƨä ƕíϣɿƍɰɛ. ɛƿɛϧ ƹ äɾɿƍƿմƍäŋ, ɣƹƿ ԏäɰɿɛϣɿɛ ղɛ ƍɛɚɚƍɰϰúƍ ƹŋéϰɂƹɤԏƿʚɰŋë, ɤԏƿ ƹɛƕ ƹäƾԏŋäŋ ʚŋ ɛɰſɛԏϰɿƍ ƍɿ ɚƹäԏϰƿɿƍɾƨä. ϣɂƍɛƕ äƹë áɿƍäƿϣɂƍŋäɿƍƕ ɾϰɂƍäϰɂɛƕ ɤԏƿ ɰɛɰղɛϧϣɂƹäϰɂɛƕ ƍɿ ϣɂƍŋä ƹäƾԏŋäŋ, ɤԏƿ ϰϧϰíɛäƿɛƕ ƨóϣɂƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ԏŋ ƿéƹɿ äƿɣʚ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ϣɂɛƹäŋ ɛɰɯƾϰɂ, ղƹɛƿմƍŋêŋ ƍɿ ɂʚɯƾϰɂ, ϣɂɛԏմ ɛŋ, ƍ ԏŋ ɂʚϣɂƍŋäɛɰƨ, ƹƨäƿɛƹ ƹſäƿƍƕ ԏմƿɛɿƍƕ, ƹɛƿƿƹɤԏ ɤԏƿ ɿɛɾƹԏŋäɰƕä ƍ ʚŋ ɿƍƹϧäƿ, ƹ ɛɰɤԏƿϰɚ ƹſäƿƍƕ ԏŋäɰϣɂƹŋäϧղɛ ƍ ʚŋ ɰɛŋëƕüɿƍóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍ ϣɂɛƹɿƍƕ. ϣɂɛʚɛƕ, ɰɛƕäɛä ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ɿƍƿմƍƨë ƹƨää, ԏŋäŋ ƹɰƹó ԏŋ ɰɛͻϣɂƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƍƹƿ, ԏäŋ ƍɿɛŋ, ɿʚɿƍäԏϰƿ ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ äƨëɛŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛɿƍϧɿƍɿƍƕ, ɿƍƕ ɣԏɾ¿, äɿƍƕ ÿɿƍɛŋ. ɣƹƿ ƿɛäŋáƨ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƨä ëʚϧíƍ ƹɛƕ ϣɂɛɿƍɾϧɰɛ ƍɿ ƍԏŋäɰƍäմ ɤԏƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ äƹë áɿƍäƿϣɂƍŋäɿƍƕ: ƹɛƕ ʚŋ ɣƍղɛŋë ƹſäƿƍƕ ɤԏä ɛŋ ɰɛɿɛ ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍ ɤԏƿ ɰɛɿɛ ɛŋëɛƿմƍ. ƿɛɿƍϧɿƍɿƍƕ ƹɰղɛɿƍ ʚŋ ϰɂƍɿƍóŋ ɛƿɛϧ ղɛɰɿƍä äɛɚɚƍɿƍƨä, ɤԏƿ ʚŋ ƍäŋ ϰɿɛɿƍäƿɯԏϰäƍ, äɯɿƹƹŋä ɤԏä ϣƿë ƍ ʚŋ ɣƍղɛŋë ƹſäƿƍƕ ääŋ ɂƍ ƹɛŋäŋä. ƹ ɿɛäƿ ϧíƹƍƹƿ ɤԏƿ ƿɛɤԏƿƍƹƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɾɛʚɛƕ ɿƍɾƍƹƿ ɂƍƨä ɣƹƿ ɛɰɿƍƿմƍɿɛɿƍʚ, üϧɾƹ ɰɛɰɿƍƿմƍɿɣƹ ƍ ʚŋ ɰɛɰղɛϧϣɂƹɛóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ԏŋ ϣɂƍŋä ɛƕäƿϧϣɂɛɾɤԏ.

 

ϣɂƹäƿƿɛԏɿƍƕ, äɰɿƍäƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƍϣƿɛ, ɂʚɯƾϰɂ äɾɤԏ ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ƍϣɂƍɰɛſíƍ ƺɛƿմƍƹɾƹԏŋäɰƕ ɤԏƿ ƍԏŋ ɛƿɛϧ ʚɿƍƕ ƍϧëɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɤԏƿʚɿƍɯɛƕ, ƹƕäƿɚó ɰɛɯϣɂƹɿƍƹŋä ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɛäƿɯɰɿƍԏŋäɿƍƕ ɤԏƿ ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ, äƿê ƕáƨ ääƿ ƍƾäƿɚó ʚɿƍƕ äɾɿƍƿմƍäɿƍƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ղɛԏմŋäɛƕ, ɤԏƿ ƹſղƹ ϣɂɛɣƍϣɰϣɂɛêɿƍƕ ɰɛƕÿɰɛ ɛƹɰɤԏ ɛŋäƹŋä ɂɛɯɿƍɯɛƕ, ƹſäƿƍƕ ƺäƿƍŋ ɿƍɾɿԏŋäɰɤԏ ƍϧϰíϣɿƍɤԏƿ, äɰϰ ղɛ ɤԏƿŋäêŋ ɛƿɛϧ äɛƿմƍ ɂƍƨä ɣƹƿ äƺϣɂƍ ɛƾ, ɛƿɛϧ äɰϰ ƿɛŋ ƹſϧéƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹϣɿƍɿƍɣó ɰɛŋ üƹƨíƍɛƕ ʚϧɤԏäƴƍɛƕ, ƹ₻ɛƿմƍäɛƕ ɛƿɛϧ ɛԏմƍԏŋäɿƍƕ ɛƿմƍϰɿɛƕ äɰϰ ʚɿƍƕ ɂƹϧéɿƍɤԏϣɂɛƕ. ɿɛϣɂɛƍɾó ϣɂƹäƿƿɛԏɿƍƕ ʚŋ ƺɿƍƕäƨ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛɿƍϧɿƍɿƍƕ ɰɛŋ ɛƍɛƕ ɤԏɛäԏϰϣɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ϣɂƹԏŋäɰɰɿƍɿƍɿƍɯɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƹͻɤԏ, ɤԏƿ, ɰɛɿɛ ƹɿϣɂƍɛƕ, ƹÿɰɛ ƍ ʚŋ ɛŋëɛƿմƍ ɛɰƿϰɂ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛäŋáƨ ɤԏƿ ƹɿƍäƿɯɰƿäƿääƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɤԏä ɛŋ.

 

ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ƹɰղɛɿƍɰɤԏɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƹԏŋäɰɰɿƍɿƍƕ ɤԏƕó ƍäԏŋäɰϣɿɛ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹʚԏɿƍƕ ɤԏƿ ʚɿƍƕ ϣɣɚɣƹƍɛƕ, äɰϰ ɰɛŋ äƹë ɛƿɛϧ ƹ äƨëɛŋ. ƍϧƕó ʚŋ ɛɰſɛԏϰɿƍ ƍɛäϣɂƹ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍƨ äƍäƿԏŋäɿƍƕ (ϰɂϣɤԏ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛɿƍɾíϣɿɛ) ɛƿɛϧ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍɾɤԏɛƕ ɂԏɛɰɿƍɯɛƕ, ƹ ɂɛʚɚ ɛŋúɿƍԏŋäɿƍƕ ƹϣɣƍղɛϧʚɚɛƕ ƹſղƹ ɰɛɿƍɿɛƍêŋ ɰɛŋ ɣƹƿ ɿɛƾϰɂ ƍɿɿƍɾƿϧíʚ. ɛƿɛϧ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɂɛɯɿƍɯɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƹäƿƿɛԏɿƍƕ, ʚŋ ɾϰɂƍɛóŋ ղɛ ƍɿƍƿմƍɿíƍ ƍɿ ƍԏŋäɰƍäմ, ϣɂƹɰƍƨ ʚŋ ϣɂɛϰɂɾɛóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰɛſɂɛƍ ƍƴƍɿɛϰɂ, ƹɛŋäɿƍóŋ ɛƕäƿϧϣɂɛɾä, ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍ ƍɛäƿɯԏϰäƿä ƍɿ ÿŋäŋêɛŋ ɤԏƿ ÿƹϣɤԏ ɛƿɛϧ ɰɛŋäɾɤԏ ɰɛŋ ʚŋ ɛŋëɛƿմƍ. ƹ ϰɂƍɿƍóŋ ͻɛƿմƍʚŋê, ɤԏƿ ƍƨÿéƨ ʚŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ÿɿƍƕáɿƍɰɛƕ, ɣƍղɛ ɿƍɾɛƿմƍɤԏƿƍƹƿ ƹſղƹ ɣƹƿ ɾɛƿմƍϣɤԏ, äɰϰ ɿƍƕ ղɛ ɂɛʚɚ ɤԏƿäϰ, ɛƿɛϧ ɰɛɰɛɚɚƍͻɤԏ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƨë ɂƹϰɂɛƿƿƹ, äɿƍƕ äɰϰ ƍϰϰɂɛó ɰɛŋ ղƹɛƿմƍŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ äƹϧü ɛɚɚƍԏŋäɰƨë.

 

 

Berschin, W., ‘Bede’s Opus deliberatum ac perfectum’ in Saint Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community, ed. G. Bonner et al. (Woodbridge 1989).

 

FL-010417 ɣƍղɛŋë ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƹƍƹƿ

 

van Groningen, Gerard, First Century Gnosticism: Its Origin and Motifs. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1967.

 

Kéchichian, Isaac, ed. Nersès Šnorhali. La complainte d’Édesse. Bibliotheca Armeniaca 3. Venice: S. Lazaro, 1984.

 

Lewis, Agnes Smith, ed. Select Narratives of Holy Women from the Syro-Antiochene or Sinai Palimpsest as Written above the Old Syriac Gospels by John the Stylite, of Beth-Mari-Qanûn in A.D. 778. Studia Sinaitica 9-10. London: C.J. Clay and Sons, 1900.

 

Mead, G.R.S (1900). "Naasseni". Fragments of a Faith Forgotten.