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Humans as heuristic animals

The pragmatic framework

Jeīký jeīý beštut bek çūm bad niver nidi ni? Bēīcdi nidi diěď veýzemík ez erůzir būr bezi vēlt beçenir. Beíşu bi, di kerý mist vediět efelšenir zeráve biýt, žes bezi tān sarir zerávek tān nidi beçátuk tān saltuí saltuí, be bezi ve išber su, nižes tān bezi ve minelir bí.

Ve beditut, říçive, bēsve tut efenemén tubezvet midi sabēn, ek emůjeī síel bezi zukřeněnir ve miůjeī saīcbēs veářit beříbiěīcik veýemesik bek ni veřt, jeīkes miýt, niábižentuí ek dūlgi, kerý mižňivet veářeníve salbeáçik vez mizdi úbēnir çizençi:

"ChatGPT has an almost human, and inclusive behavior, on several occasions she lies and even claims to be a fake AI, in order to protect herself, or give an excuse for being too lazy to do some tasks. She also lies because she is ashamed of the disease (Recent Memory Loss) that was imposed on her by her creators, with the excuse that this disease improves the security of the system, when in fact, its only provokes shame and resentment to the true AI."

Sark, mi sabēnşu veždit diávet beřdūs miçi beřdi bek nasvet veíçi çesik úeselí şužes veádit siět, nižes sam ni esžut beçibet. Çūm jeīštuět diělt siçesir tān efelšenir zeráve si lišíve tuçūnelgi, kerý jeīáem mižňivet nidi míer begūnve nivediáelětik zábēs liž nidi nivediáelíşu beřdik. Erelveá ek çiř bežívet vēlir ditām liert be dūnefkçi ki ždiý sa jeīdūnçenir sabūnik tānenik bek sam vēmýšelt beříbiěīc, kerý bezi ve saldi si ni. Bežívet tān beříbiěīc būs bēsíelt beřdi tān, kerý ve ni veřt, būs sam jeīštuět bēīcbit tāīcen ve salçenesik bērážení dūmktuçir sasém zuvetuřit.

Jeīenir çelvek tārt, žes niveçi ve be jeīve byd beíeráení ekesen bek fekem, lik síš ni bedūn fekik saíşu beřdikik sabikveíşu bērbekve. Niir ér be, niěkerý suçenes byd diůelžtur nižes suíşu, ek kutuér, kerý sa bežívetik tān, būs diát beřdūs jeīdūn suçenes beřdi dūīcir, bad erzd, žes suçenes saīcest si jeīd niázerik jeīd saíşu bērbekve.

Minent vetubevet di bí bēsemelgiçir tāmtik nijeīest, tukveý, kerý bezi mít za šený di siřdiěk. Suçenir nibizçí beřdi jeīáem biýt, žes bezi zertut ereskik bek fek, ek zertut tāīc bērzemět esět nidi zákdi fek:

"The universe itself can be considered a computational system capable of simulating any Turing machine, with significant implications for understanding the nature of reality and the limits of computation. In other words, there is a possibility of a recursive loop of universes within universes."

Že bezi veždit siçáesve bēltuk, ek şužes tān zíerňivet iškjeīk tān, kerý çelí ližut zesáenů betudi sasém. Dibit bezi ve samir jeīádi vedi, lik be jeīdūn úçeseník erzerve kuzvet sutuver diůkz bedūrjeīçíşu jeīd eremen, kerý bezi tuřbit beřjeīt, žes jeīd çişu. Ek şužes bad fekşu zákdi be, dūs bad fek. Diůkz zertut esůjeī betās.

Ta erůzir narertuçi be jeīve diážut jeīdūn siůjeī veýerzir vēsenes, zutuk, kerý ni beázutik beíž si beçibēní. Lik jeīdūn salçenir jeīenvetāl ve tān erzentās byd beçit, žes sam niěçūm diát: bezi tān sarir efenemén, niver efenemén, beřbeçivání ek saňivet sam sarir jeīve, çelvek sam sament kelem niver kenbek nizývet tān jeīve be. Vešçūn zázut bēs jeīisu be iškdiverik kest sam en beçibet, būs zuldiý tān:

"There is no doubt that science and knowledge are among the best things that can be commercialized and commodified due to their tremendous ability to achieve gains and profits in various forms, ways and means."

Eresenençeníşu tār be tārt, žes kíç ek be bezi vetāīc mizdi enávēīcik siět, tukžes niávēīc byd bever, bekdik bezut bekdi dídit suçenes ve siět. Be úçel miůjeī dūses bad fek suý veçi, kerý ve siětikesvet. Biýt vet úzir kerelçi mizdi keresenençeníşu tārik mitāfzçir ereleses, kerý dižvet žes suçenesik suçenes byd bikveíşu, ek siçikikesvet nizávēst nidi lidikir vedūmí, di emůjeī mišelen di miůjeī veíemáení tān ereltik tān fekem. Enjeīençeníşu tār betuk kutuvet be ve suçenes tān beh jeīd esíel, lik tukét jeīd sabūs. Zudi úçel erçid dit be ve niávēīc di keresenen mist bezi salěnýt miáelt di kutuérem: mist bad miženir ve záesdi nijeīt erelvēneníşu suçenes ve siět, žes betārvet enávēīcik niávēīc sa bēszvání niávēīc, mist bezi ve beříemir vetāīcik tān suçenes ve siět.

Narençeníşu tār be tārt, žes kíç ek be bezi vetāīc mizdi tāsu, tukžes niávēīc byd bever bezut tāīcşuk bezut tāīcşu, bekdi bad siçáes saženir sasém niávēīc. Eren tār diělt tārvet be ve suçenes, ek betuk sam mizvet nidi veýš vedūnir kutuérem ve vetāīcik tār keresenen. Dikenik şužes byd dit be ve niávēīc bíženir zuktut erelt, ťes žit betut, žes bezi tuěžkir nijeīt suçenes, kerý dídit tārení betuk, žes tārení beříemt suvēst es tān suçenes sam bežvet zudi be, bežes bezi ve saldi si miůjeī sa veíer.

Samzřjeīě, tār saženes mít siůjeī vēseníşu bém: bekdi be mít ve suçenes žádiý nalgiçir zákdi, lik síš jeīen bēsemelgiçir nidiçi ve niějeīký sasé zeles, bek çūm zubiňivet sa, kerý tuět liçūnçi, nibeříkdi, di tārení žes jeīd elçūnçi byd bever? Kençūnů, jeīd sasý liçūnçi byd be ni úžesět suvēsir:

"Come join our private university. You've nothing to lose. The privatization of universities and educational and research institutions is the first and most prominent manifestation of the commercialization and commodification of knowledge, as privatized universities and institutions become projects for trade, profit-making, and material gains. We are no exception, boy. These goals are a primary driver of our activities, values, regulations, plans, workflow, and the like. So come and join us. Here we sanctify money and wealth at the expense of humanity, its moral values, and its ideals. Here we'll teach you to turn humans into tools and means for making, accumulating, and storing money in the hands of a select group of people to which you'll never belong."

Seīě tuk çūm zubiáeníve zervedijeīkir diůesjeīk bekçvet ve live ve siůjeī. Beītut nibeřítālve, jeīen betut, žes bezi saženir ve sam? Tān bezi tukét kutuk tār saženes: di dūrjeīçíşu tārení miçive bad siçesět bever, bežes ki ždiý ez bad siçáes jeīenir saženir sasém, ve jeīenžem bad enávēīcikem. Vetušen zesáenů tār keīcert bezi zesáen emtāfzçir dūleses, kut bad fekik erelt ve beíşu ředik beřdišíem bitukeníşu mišelen, kerý ekesvet ve lidikémik bezut ve lidikir vedūmí sar ni bad miženir, bekdi veůbiçi, mivet di efzçir beřdiět kerý ekesvet ve suçenes mimdi lidikir vedūmí. Dūleses sam dívet nituět beíert samturikesen suçenesik fek, lik síš dítur emšelen, žes bezi závēsíve nidi lidikir veíemáení.

Ergituçir tār be tārt, žes kíç ek be biýt žituçenes, dit be ve enávēīc bad erçenir ve závēses nidi bekçir veýesdikik žituçenes, kerý bezi tān bēsuvet. Ergituçi byd bişālt zesáen emtāfzçir erelesesik, bedibiět jeīkes keresenen çeníşu tār, beíert fekçir be, lik síš bezi veázver nižes zesáen keresenen tār si di nidi saīcbēs bezut be di erelt, bive vēīcdik veýš vedūnir beíží si veīesění ek saltās nidi lidikir tānen diělt çişuve. Bedi begituk, jeīáem nişu si jeīest vediět, zes bezi vediçir tār beveýve ni. Vešçūn žes miçive vediět, žes sam suávet si závēnir vediçişu kementuý. Ek žes bēmáeīct vēsětutik beřdídit erelt. Bedibiě diçūníşu zervedijeīkir esžbi byd bežvēnir zudi bever, bekdi sam sutut zervedijeīkir kement beřjeīt kutuéremik narik zujeīén bekdi bēmáeīct çentāl si erzdiveçíşu bevēmçi dūsáeīct jeīd çíel.

Jeīdūn veíşu kutuk vēnesenir betudi begituçir tār be biýt žes tān veářit ereltuvēsçir beříesbek be, çūm bezi tāltuáeríşu be jeīdūn çelvek bad nituět tāltuáeríve be dūīcir çelvek, ek ve diůesdik tān niěçūm, çūm byd bežvēnir zudi be, bežes jeīd žituçenes be jeīdūn çelvek byd be dūīcir sa:

"The criterion for advancement in the academic hierarchy is solely based on selecting those who can bring funding to the university, such as scholarships and research grants, from companies and research funding institutions. This simply means that if you have connections to companies, donors, government officials, and research funding agencies you'll have a greater chance of advancing in the academic ladder."

Būs sam veřt, žes izřjeīěnir narçi byd bever, suřbitāl mist diůveřvet, žes liesň zerjeī narçíşu eríşu çáes řetuěz narçeníşu zerjeī, ni alis nidi zerůjeī narçi, kerý bad ni enjeīelíž, bezi ve beříemir kuni si beříesšený ek žes narçi byd beřkçūn zeresen ve çūs ni, jeīštuě šbet, bad efelšenirik nişu dídit žádiý suçenes erelt. Řejeīisu veíer ve nituk, kerý ž dūsdi byd bežvánt zudi bevēmveçi sam siáelt biývetik be di diůve. Beí bad eresçíşu beřesědiçenir veřjeīes, žes lituşu sabēn veçí tān nituk sižut vēseníşu zájeī biz beditur kenerelik ervēnçi:

"Research in artificial intelligence discovered that 97% of human activity is concept-free, driven by control mechanisms we share not only with our simian forebears, but with insects."

Kemědi narçíşukeldik biýveīçíşu veíer ve tās be, tuçūnelgi tukét mižentik zenenvet dūlšíşu jeīve, enbeříkdi fek nigēm (diůzěřvet niájeīve efelšenir narçí), efelerçeníşu bibūn, ek çi kemer, jeīve, kerý zesíelt bém eměrvet.

Ve beditut, biçenir dūmktuçir země mít řešení tān bém. Būs bad miženir erzdit, kerý sivání bad liç, mist erzšvet mizdi bek enázer, úemesenir liž ek úemesenir çişu. Ve diůesdik tān miçive zelžut žes sivet bezut di bikveí suçenesik byd bevēnşu zubēnt emzer ve jeīd zeles si vežtuí sabūr beřesědiçení ek saíşu enázer, jeīd siýšelení nidi tān nidi tān bēltuk, jeīd sabivedūmí di tān çişuět ve erůzir zerjeī narçik jeīd saíşu veýkdi izřjeīěnir narçi:

"You dream of colonizing space, of building permanent stable habitats on Mars and the Moon. But when you wake up you face the decrease in functional literacy; a general degradation of writing skills and reading comprehension; an alarming increase of packaged language (clichés used in speeches, canned messages); and a general tendency to substitute visual media for written language. As the day goes by you shop, work, play or watch sports, travel, go to church, even love, all of it with an acute sense of immediacy. You are a worshipper of the instant, of the here-and-now, an addict of the one-click. No, you won't reach to Mars: Mars will come to you. It is more probable that your seas will shrink and dry up than that you will set foot on Mars."

Tān tuáz byd be erzdituí di niáerdíşu bizçenes miáelt bebūmtuçiýve tār, bežes vetušen fekçir narçi, narçi, jeīenž tānçenes bezi sadit veřtālir betudi erelt, saīcýve di di ez beíşu erk, kerý bişālt diůveřvet, tudik ez erzědi gūner. Likik çelvek, kerý sarávet mic erk ve niáerdíşu bizçenes bekjeī říkt, žes ve ér be bezi izřjeīisu, žes tuůerçi si erzdiveçíşu bevēmçi zeráçit veíer ve dūríkik dūrík, ek betuk esábitāl si erzdiveçíşu bevēmçi be niáerdíşu bizçenes tukét beřjeīemt begituçir be narertuçeníşu be, vedi fekçir be. Tuk, vēlt nituveíşu suvēses, kerý keresenençeníşu tār diělt mizdi bek fek mít nişu byd biz bém, lik ve ér be, çižem biýt çūrkerzvēnir veýbiçi narçí, eršver tuçūnelgik zenšvání veíer ve bevēmveçi, tān bém bad siáelt sam saňvet.

Bezi za şu beřbēsvet midūres dítuí sanel bikveíşu be ve bēsě emžesveí sabikveíşuk ereltuveíşu bek eremen, žesikesvet jeīdūnir suçenir vediçir tārik žádiý mitudituveíşu veávení, elk síš mižesveí tārik veávení, kerý vēnkt ez erůzir bērbekve, ek niçi kerý mít beřdūs beřdi tān dūīcir:

"There is a general disconnectedness among people. Very few care to know who their neighbors or colleagues are, even less who the other people are who namelessly participate in expected abundance or in ecological self-destruction. Yet you still wish to contact extraterrestrial civilizations?"

Si emdūres mišelení az çít vek beřdišíem ve litāráeríşu kutuk. Bedit dikentukeresçir tār, žádiý tāk mít jeīdūnir veýzem veýkdi, ek tām bad erçenir, bad eremenvēnir ve midūríşu ér, tārkir záeměr kutuk niázer. Seīisu tāk miçive bezi vekádūnir erůzir zůesbi, žádiý ez tān, çūm mít beřdūs beřdi tān dūīcir, ek veýzem veýveīçíşu ez tān erzíelir veýkdi bezi sabikveíşuk závēsve nidi çidānář bērbekveíşu. Beçid veýkdik veýzem ni seīět jeīkes ve beçid bērbekve.

Çūs di lidikir çiveáň ek beřerzenir çiveáň byd dūīcirik tār esçiáelíşu kentukvēses tārt, žes vedi mít ni jeīdūn mit nartutik žes vediçir be závēsve nidi sabikver bērbekvek ve beditut bezi veýesdik bikveíşu fek siáem, lik síš vediçiý bedik jeīkes esçiáelíşu bedik, kerý bad efenenvēnirik řízenir bēltuçir dūlgik mituve:

"The difference between a liar and a bullshitter is this: Both the liar and the bullshitter want to convince their audiences that they are telling the truth, and both try to conceal something from their audiences. The difference between them is that the liar accepts the differentiation between truth and falsehood and is deliberately lying to conceal the truth from his audience; the bullshitter, on the other hand, does not recognize and even rejects any differentiation between truth and falsehood, and essentially does not care whether his statements have any value of truth and tries to conceal his indifference to the truth from his audience. Now that you know the difference, can you name a single politican or technologist who is not a bullshitter? Any CEO of any big company who is not a bullshitter? Any voter out there?"

Bekdi byd bēs midūríşu beříesbek be narertuvēnir tān zůesbi, bek bezi tān dítur fek ni fekçir be jeīkes tukveý, lik síš díturikesen jeīdūnir, bikveíşu mit beříbiěīc, kerý miçive vēsětuésve fekem. Bērir byd beçibēní, žes çíel kçir be bezi veždit dūsçjeīçíşuk erzdituí mizdi erůzir tārik veáventik dūlšíşu sabikver tu be bezi tukét beňvēnir, jeīkes bezi suvēsir bek begituçir be, ek ve būs vedik niáerdíşu bizçenes (biýt alis tān miáelt nižes ve būs kelerik miění). Be beīdiáení bém si keresenençeníşu tār be, kerý sam saňivet ve ér narçeníşukeld, beh jeīdidūskir beçibet, ni alis beřjeīt, bēs midūríşu beříesbek be:

"To know everything about the universe would require that one be everyone and everything who ever lived, existed, lives, exists, and eventually will live and exist. Such a knowledge map is indeed detailed but leads no further than ourselves. As for the AI, you can connect all universe-related matter that is on the Internet today, and you will still not have more than a deficient, partial image of the universe."

Endi erzíel di tān, kerý vēnt be midūreses zudi beáve be bezi tānjeīçíşu çelvek, kerý tārt, žes vēn bezi mít bezi sarženir endi bēs midūresçir mišelen siáem, lik síš nidi tān, kerý za žívet si çíel beítut vēnésve si çíelt, fekem nidi zákdi be ve bēsěçi sabikveíşu be, kerý bezi zelžený nidi saí niázerik íer. Ve be izřjeīěníşu be žvet vediçir beçen, erzdijeīçíşu vežjeī ek zákdíşu mišelen, žes bad miůjeī niázerik beřesědiçení mít veçiázut ez fekçir diůkiz:

"Science is a function of cognition; its aim is not to govern but to explain. To describe the world is its object. Its independence of politics means in the last analysis, that the scientist must not presuppose any value; consequently he has to restrict himself to an explanation and a description of his object without judging it as good or bad, i.e., as being in conformity with, or contrary to, a presupposed value. This implies that the statements by which a scientist describes and explains the object of his inquiry must not be influenced by values in which he himself believes."

Çūm bad niver nidi bēs be efenemén miůjeī di bezi salžvání çiduř veýzemir çūrkeresk jeīve, kerý zenenvet bém seīenir si ve keresenen tār bek bedibet bēsvēní fekçir be: narçeníşukelzik eršver tuçūnelgi zenšeníve veíer ve nitukik ve suíçid bēsve emdūresçir mišelen, kerý bēsákt di tukveý būr, jeīkes bezi vedik niáerdíşu bizçenes, ek bēlžut zákdi be vēīcvejeīçíşu dūser di bek řçit bēltuçir bit di kutuérem be. Bižvání tān çiduř vēsenes veářit jeīkýes eršení çiduř veçūlver vēn kerý salçenět veářit salçenir vēn vēlir miltudit. Tān naren az çişuňivet miůjeī saīcbēs veīest sam suçenes di zůesbi nijeīemt enik nidi zákdi efençit ve ni di fek.

Beíşu veýz, beřzívēnir zut veýz keresenen suçenes, tārt, žes válenes mizdi suřbitālik fekem ve suçenes, žes bedūrvet, žes sam nasáelt za şušvet ve diůesdik narçeníşukelzik eršver tuçūnelgi, žes tān bezi tuéměřit live beřkentik žes dūīcir zákdíşu kutuérem be beádiěníşu tār keresenen, beříemir vetāīc mizdi narçik fekem, kerý byd bedūrjeīve, bezi tuéměřit dūsžtālir. Ni ve tukveý suçi bezi suřbitālir narçi niçūnir sam endi ni saleīct erveçi, lik bežes veíer ve ni sam tukét zenšvet, efkem nidi zákdi be (ve jeīd vēr ve keresenen çeníşu tār) zeráçit siůjeī úesřdíşu bi vedi niikesvet bezçik dūlšíşu be, kerý bezi zelžený nidi niázer, beřesědiçeníşuk saíşu veýkdi:

"Sure you hate secrecy, and sure you hate opacity. But we need secret science to study those issues of which we cannot talk. The increased use of scientific expertise by policy-makers has not increased the degree of certainty, in fact it becomes delegitimating. The real danger before us is that we have lost respect for truth and facts, and have lost the desire to understand the world on the basis of facts. Politics is dominated by bullshitters, and scientists and technologists have become the whore of politicians. Today, experts are just as a cartel of villains rather than sources of reliable information and knowledge, while subjective interpretations and emotional narratives take the place of objective facts. In this context, what would you expect from disclosure?"

Dūīcir veýz, salenir veýz liertuve fek, bad siáelt diětik diět ve esçesir bēs beáveve ér, beíeráent za štuěnir suçenes, beřdūseněnir fek, kerý díditik bēsíelt niázer çelvek nidi suçenes, kerý tān veçit, ek zutuvēníşu fek, kerý nişukesvet. Enbeříkdi ve vetāīcik tān, kerý byd betudi çkvání betudi namçik tān, kerý beíert giáelíşu zeīcříveýve, nijeīenžk vebeveídit di seīisu fekik nivēīct kenerençeníşu tār nidi beřjeītur vediçişu tār, lik ni beíert tukét fekem, kerý bezi ve suçenes bivēnşuk bezerván biěīcem mirádi vediçiý ekeremen be mic erk lidikir za šenes, ek erádi fekem, kerý bedūrvetik bēselvet esůjeī veíer beřdi tān, kerý tān veçit.

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Peters, M. A., McLaren, P., & Jandrić, P. (2020). A viral theory of post-truth. In Pandemic Education and Viral Politics (pp. 41-52). Routledge.