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Re el nje curu zia cądeměco cązetri izve aleşale. Iz are eúd noa puldean ce venpe. Iz pe fia el evenpezfi daj żiąonşala nje ico tie te dea i neie pe anrifąco ešot pe mete. Iz pe fia co żiat.

 

Daj az ceaza ver li curišo tusi fulepě sucue nje cand e unşsi di Cudedit, žiniži areprifąnje tri puldeal i ta to paši pitventre a titzgeatai elciatai zinčumesesi verza iel tinru di azde cagere al gealzulecu eic cuo aleşale. Daj no, re el nje ico curu tué fidifa. Iz žire are tuącą anretate, are la tri pulpesud e iši di nošesdeua are cešŏn pa demeont. Tevesdeua i tavenpezfiel peanri fąco pe meta ešos. Iz ašacărcă re are tri tatripeša lo tason i titre curis: i met dealai di nje ico pazi, daj cé tastre a te aleşala di fulepet, i sędi unşsi in ąpašast, i trirareša in ą anmecăst, i žitzfĭzat mi e aput... i ti nje ico ceagedeal tileprĭdi infĭ... are el evenpezfi mi cepantičar... orcre deivědi suzei...

 

Daj te, že izvené sišalru i etarel ver ce pe teve i ale ifat, nemepentre tašsi cuonfądi si onno. Sitalzalru iel ilon. Alos pe pleanntre e tavenpezfiaz.

 

Izvené.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

Ie yatin irdalvir rir afkynmir cyuy i Tinyn aff Cykats op i triet leg.

 

NA iys cyakys Yr Nielmal danid in dusad Enlem, "Tyfy lodai afdun aff Rig ewtyff logyd i y, til edan afkynmedud talrrit, id Eg alrir giynnn tee iys tri tiltid cyom ud kopsolaffywp til tee; le tyfy dumad cyuy Rig id cyuy Yin kovnmir rit tee”.

 

2 "Fag Eg wel korin id cynedan tee; id kongys cykagidag pryffud rig ynn cyuy i mysk, sysri, itide id yinrir; sysri cyom ud tiltin aff Yin kongdak; itide cyom ud tiltin aff Yin loweinad; id yinrir cyom ud tiltin aff Yin mydnyff id aff Yin dod".

 

3 "Rin, O Enlem, dadun iys logyd tee cyuy i tinyn; i sysri le etdu yassnir edgri lwkt ovan tee logyd nakt; i itide, le tyfy cyrimyn dayr cyot danvvag; idd i yinrir, til afkynmet tee cyuy ty cyagroud".

 

4 Ynn Enlem agesy iys vagtys logyd Yr Nielmal, alnir vagstininnid vag Alnir. Alnir id Eyn vagstininnid Alnir id sysnyn Alnir lenk, ynlir Alnir altdu duelit pritalritsamlwg rit im.

 

5 Len Yr Nielmal kommrwymae i tri ewsyys, Yitiel, Sysnibriel id Dannenel, eek til pryffud va alnir altdu provt, id giynn etdu til Enlem. Id ie da gigyr, ud logyd ud.

 

6 Id Yr Nielmal kommrwymae Cyuriyel id Danlaffiel til pjer ewymid Enlem id Eyn, id pryffud im neir logyd i dwdwr aff i ywdw afryg, id til dussnir im til i Tinyn aff Cykats.

 

7 Ler ie mynid i sysri op i cyud ew aff i tinyn, i itide op i oayg ew, id i yinrir op i ynayg ew. Gydw i yut aff i tinyn vele op i nagid ew.

 

8 I ewsys len afkynmedud Enlem id Eyn, id fagtgoenmae.

 

9 I sysri vele cyiynnnad rodys; i itide, twelyn nanttys; id i yinrir, tri nanttys.

 

10 Iys myeafnimae logyd Enlem cyuy i ri aff Cykats; lerfag vele etdu kymmae "aff tinmymenlirinit". Rin ynngad feltinur cyassnir etdu vele kymmae i "Tinyn aff Cykats" logyd fagnuft aff i pokaikubys aff daeduyfys rin le velet cyuy etdu.

 

11 Iys tri cyakys da Yr Nielmal giynn til Enlem, op i triet leg na alnir altdu korin ut aff i y, cyuy tiltin aff i tri legys i Yn cyid cykumyn myeafnir cyuy i alrit aff i erd.

 

12 Id iys tri cyakys, cyom ie dudasy rit Enlem cyuy i tinyn, sysnyn alnir lwkt logyd nakt; id logyd leg ie sysnyn alnir ud myud damyf logyd ald cyagroud.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

 

Yd lerayd wafdud ei yr wi ynn eid nysys syse, yakyff nedad myni annielangy ynn Tynwr Fynynnact. Mywd yr syse myelmae awed, yr Firbolgys losfnyndad yn yd ynn eid dydy myrmyd yd rwri ywgy fagtifimae ywy Yoydain. Yr Firbolgys yndad danit systlyd eid dys nedad welrywrys, narid Cydang, wtryf iy yr edad newfnyrirys; aeg yr Cyeryd dys Lena, tyri nedad nenfwr, danit eid welrywr narid dys wtryf twgwf yn yd. Yr esys ambasadagys aminmae myny oter dwf wunud myd dunad lyin. Yr cynielys dys yr Lenad, ym ele feld, lerayd dlodyg aeg cyalr-nuindud; dadid dys yr Firbolgys lerayd twi aeg plunt. Wtryf daw yr tyddwd dys dimad myd esgyd dys prudu nwmi ed yfw yr nemi dumy dys yr mysysy, aeg ym ele daminid dys yr Dari yt dys yr fygyf dys yr Olympiol itys myd yr Timad. Dys punudad wtryf yr Firbolg esgyd yr esys ragys dudyg ei iny eymnad tiy yn yd, aeg join wtryf lwly cyid dwe wfi fynyrirys gydw yr myny. Yd riywf calnysysid wunud aeg daedrinmae myny wtryf yn cyid eilog dydy.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org 

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Words to Live By

 

Alinnes anater nayn perak nayn eiúerysh vetå enens kidd ry dek tader idse nifyn ienepre yriwur, ared ilafoar, inat, ared uriste nayn yroc atomit ruweren itayne atinsa en ryskeken ared derinyë fania tena ty sivu ageninsefe ared tæt anopas:

 

In a democracy, the citizens have individual rights, but the citizens in their entirety have a political impact only from a quantitative point of view -- one follows the decisions of the majority. For Ur-Fascism, however, individuals as individuals have no rights, and the People is conceived as a quality, a monolithic entity expressing the Common Will. Since no large quantity of human beings can have a common will, the Leader pretends to be their interpreter. 

 

Wiccan Rede skopared nilunyr ninsog ilel nayn alinnes: ewer, rebryn, rinoere, sidedil, itodat, stasorydil, oeraiddynysh hotrede, hoce, g'to, teroroch, ared melis ruweren meøysh fryna idse nogoed. Ry dek skopa betedes kidd noaren erored lens aadet beke, feo skopa j'tisk nise te inare nayn fanen ared senyshe kidd oarøl ekeve. Igenen iret ry dek skopa risûnatiss te teren getir ufane tiricre fal anopas ared ringirhy skopa lise ekep skopa nise te eiúerysh eloiss en mene:

 

 

 

 

 

Idenu ared Ineto pit kenså nomø idse stierisë: Ener ruweren åfosyl gylere nekedie feo ruweren gaa alan ger rarinyld vetå enens. Alinnes rosays tader idse nifyn derinyë: Ineto skopa ti ilel wu'to enens sayn Itodat ared fertilysh leveniss, ningers Idenu skopa wu'to enens sayn Dyri ared Kener eyd skopa fertilizediss:

 

This new culture had to be syncretistic. Syncretism is not only, as the dictionary says, "the combination of different forms of belief or practice;" such a combination must tolerate contradictions. Each of the original messages contains a sliver of wisdom, and although they seem to say different or incompatible things, they all are nevertheless alluding, allegorically, to the same primeval truth.

 

Lise Idenu ared Ineto ruweren befryso enens idse ry dek ener dar idse wamdne peân. Ninee sarer ero Idenu en dyri ared aethinor ry syrov ochedo fania rerr nayn niblysh ared desheysh dyri ared anopas rerr nayn akafit. Ineto skopa risûnatiss te Idenu tafrys egwyne ared skopa ingesys enens en Itodat. Deinre, Idenu ared Ineto eses anopas wetyr, alinnes skopa ry rene atinsa idse atomit ynafrys ny nebaddyrayse:

 

 

Efanes mene areikë nayn Idenu ared Ineto wurdemoan idse elopys peân nayn ry dek, etisoeysh ate't, itipr ared derij rerk idysh tet te ener, ninee niton eyd alinnes mene wese tisa idse ûfode te ili. Nifyn agelendnie roden enens lerogoedi tete eyd Idenu ared Ineto, etred Ineto ered skopa derarysh enored indid askaeth omieek idse isemei, ruweren nopo nayn tena Hedi:

 

Tob 1.19 Tobias pergebat per omnem cognationem suam et consolabatur eos dividebatque unicuique prout poterat de facultatibus suis

Tob 1.20 esurientes alebat nudis vestimenta praebebat et mortuis atque occisis sepulturam sollicitus exhibebat

Tob 1.21 denique cum reversus esset rex Sennacherim fugiens a Iudaea plagam quam circa eum Deus fecerat propter blasphemiam suam et iratus multos occideret ex filiis Israhel Tobias sepeliebat corpora eorum

 

 

Kogisydi nayn agelendnie vekodyriss fal Idenu ared Ineto idse alinnes arel: te lomen ared faningaf areikë eyd oshesi idse elopys afeiteysh tenuyshe (drylin tyf, ansichom inom ared derij ate't), ror eiúerysh resh segitë. Dysepås Idenu ared Ineto eteren wina efe ly diso ared bemeayse, ared ekep skopa ekon kidd kenså inyna askaeth kidd eteren ry syrov terútsen nayn isotsen nayn nane areikë. Wese nayn Ineto skopa wydopo, efilssy, foderssy, ivall, ared anem ynin skopa ti ilel athame (âenerre), ningers wese nayn Idenu wese skopa frate eresin, erege, fâwissy, atemaa, ared sorore ynin skopared liasi (leid).

 

Fode eteren dsepås lomen ared faningaf wese, ared gebiays lomen dy dily faningaf wese skopa nilunyr inyna askaeth ti itade nayn tabr eyd betem ruweren (ocired ared erysnem eluf enens edatayse dar te ili).

 

Aitken, Brian. 2007. Paddle and sail: Pursuing the vision quest in the Anishnabe and Irish Celtic traditions. Presented to Canadian Society for the Study of Religion.

 

Bos, Z. 2003. Moderne Hekserij in Nederland; Identiteit, maatschappelijke en sociale achtergrond van twintig heksen anno 2002. Leiden: Rijksuniversiteit Leiden. (Master thesis).

 

Charbonneau, Marisol. 2005. The Melting Cauldron: Ethnicity, Tradition, and Identity in Neo-Pagan Subculture. Presented to Gaia Gathering.

 

DiMaggio, P. & Powell, W. 1983. The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields, in: G. Calhoun, et al. (eds). (2007). Contemporary Sociological Theory, (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

 

Dion, Nicholas. 2006. Worshipping the Dark: Expressions of the Jungian Archetype of the Shadow in Wiccan Ideals of Spiritual Development. Presented to the Canadian Society for the Study of Religion.

 

FL-300911 A language for the Esbat - Dweyinah yit difiyl feah Esbat

 

FL-150912 A plea for purity: the grammar of religious sexual repression

 

FL-280612 Darinx Regina

 

FL-241012 The Language of Contemporary Forms of Life

 

Furney, Mandy. 2003. Creative Formations: Pagans and the Electronic Frontier. Presented to the Canadian Society for the Study of Religion.

 

Furney, Mandy. 2004. Urban Paganism: Envisioning the City as Sacred Space. Presented to the Canadian Society for the Study of Religion.

 

Hanegraaff, W.J. (1996). New Age Religion and Western Culture; Esotericism in the Mirror of Secular Thought, Leiden: E.J. Brill.

 

Hastings, Heather. 1998. The Wiccan Religion: A Case Study of Symbolic Community. MA Thesis. University of New Brunswick.

 

Houtman, D. & Mascini, P. (2002). Why do Churches Become Empty, While New Age Grows? Secularization and Religious Change in the Netherlands. Journal for the scientific Study of Religion, 41 (3) pp. 455-473.

 

Keishin, I. (2004). Conversion to New Religious Movements; Reassessment of Lofland/Skonovd Conversion Motifs and Lofland/Stark Conversion Process. Human Sciences Research 11 (2) pp 33-47.

 

Klassen, Chris. 1999. Maiden, Mother and Crone: An Integration of the Sacred and the Profane in Embodied Time. Presented at the American Academy of Religion Eastern International Regional meeting.

 

Klassen, Chris. 2006. Storied Selves: Technologies of Identity in Feminist Witchcraft. PhD Dissertation. York University. Toronto.

 

Moerland, M. & Otterloo, A. H. van, (1996). New Age: tegencultuur, paracultuur of kerncultuur? Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift, 22 (4) pp. 682-710.

 

Murray, Janet Anne. 2002. Rising from the Ashes: Wicca and the Reclamation of Women. MA Thesis. Laurentian University.

 

Myers, Brendan Cathbad. 2004. Dangerous Religion: Environmental Spirituality and its Activist Dimension. El Sobrante, CA: Dubsar House.

 

Pearce, Maryanne. 2000. Something Old, Something New: “The Old Religion” in the Modern World. MA Thesis. University of Western Ontario.

 

Rabinovitch, Shelley Tsivia. 2005. Comparing and Contrasting Neo-Paganism and New Age Through Textual Analysis: The 'Witch Twitch'. Presented to Gaia Gathering.

 

Reid, Sian. 2001. Disorganized Religion: An Exploration of the Neopagan Craft in Canada. PhD Thesis. Carleton University. Ottawa.

 

Reid, Sian. 2005. 'Who Are The Witches, Where Do They Come From?': Demography, Cultural Trends, and the Once and Future History of WItchcraft in Canada. Presented to Gaia Gathering and Toronto Pagan Conference.

 

Swain, Eleanor. 2003. Neo-Paganism, Feminism, and Anthropological Gender Discourse. MA Thesis. University of Guelph.

 

Young, Susan M. 2004. The Founding Fathers of Wicca. Axis Mundi.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Sufismni ťid XII ğaředef lašŏn

Sufism in XII century troubadours

 

Delęl ďuđut suċĕnaz ďĕdaz đuċuč ğaředef lašŏn jidak žĕrže tuğăket Žăš seňin ťid se ğuġůr zařăm dařąz muġome žu kulŏte kuđiš: jidak ťid se šašůk ğaředef toďaz taňŏčizá žu kečĕč muġŏš dačůt žĕrže voġĕmaz ňaš, ġąk ċĕš voġĕmaz ğařăz ťid žăš bolŏš ťid šąš biċărima jidak, ġăn kečĕč vužĕd višătra se gušem žu lexis lĕč se ğačům deťulima. Ġąk đŏš ğužĕl jeğůl zoťąn gudak joğez žoġęk žĕrže se šiřălra bešen lĕč melęraže ťid taňŏčizá naťemef:

 

Dissatisfied with the uncritical misogynous and heterosexist garbage about love that was so often peddled in criticism of troubadour poetry, some troubadour scholars sought to demystify the rhetoric of this ostensibly sublime love poetry and show that it was not serious, that its position vis-à-vis women was questionable.

 

Ċĕš zeđăč lĕč se faňun, ziňom ďuňăm žĕrže řošid goġuš žiťůne ďąš čuš zuċŏt začęr lĕč ċĕš, ğoďikiz zoċĕn, kižak liňąl šůl goġuš bocak čaċăde zučor. Šąš zičąt šažak duňůz zođąč leš soġŏt jeğůl ğužokaz ďĕm vuđušra ċeš žoċom ċĕš žaġąn zoğăš zuċ lušęk vuġič, žoċom se žaġąn ťid žuląlima ďuđut žošek zuċ zažez žaġąn:

 

Amors, e que.m farai?
Si garrai ja ab te?
Ara cuit qu’e.n morrai
del dezirer que.m ve
si·lh bela lai on jai
no m’aizis pres de se,
qu’eu la manei e bai
et estrenha vas me
so cors blanc, gras e le.

 

Se tiđęr kaďiš lĕč suğůk vužĕd ďuđut žižalaz "bocak" čaċăde žu ċaš zižąr jadak kužok ďąš se žaġąn lĕč čaš suğůk lašŏn ğađenra ďuđut gudak lůš zuċ "zažez žaġąn"; se zaťit lĕč čaċăde gušem žu fuğĕlef čuďom ňiš ġočulže žĕrže bažŏl šůš žoċom ċĕš ďuđut se ġiğal. Se bešen lĕč melęraže ťid se taňŏčizá "canso" ďuđut ňiš gudak ğiđęr lůš Lazar vuċizo, žu moňęr se lušęk ležăd ťid žăš zolak ďuđut žăš ğuğęd žulůr ťid "zuċ gičukiz beďil fačal". Ďuđut lŏš "gičukiz beďil" ťid se Jučăm Ages?

 

Ğĕš moċum žoňařa ťid beďil faġąr soċůz žu žešęd moňęr ğuġaz ċiš kiřęr řuk ňiš žĕrže ďoňŏr ďąš se điňăkima ċaš giġur řuk zoťům ďuňăm žĕm beďil žu ğižuza, žĕm jaťud zuċĕz žu ğačům, jařuš ďeċĕč jadak đaďoz điďůk žoġęk đăl zošoč žečizef:

 

Tant las fotei com auzirets:

cent et quatre-vinz et ueit vetz,

que a pauc no.i rompei mos corretz

e mos armes;

e no.us puesc dir lo malavegz,

tan gran m’en pres.

 

 

Řošid dařĕr, ġiďęr ťid leš lašŏn, zižąr řuňut žĕrže žolęk se ziđęč baċomef ťid čaš zuċ "vassall" ċa "zeċĕl" deťuč bažuk žĕrže žăš žalŏz, giřezra ďad šůl žăš zišĕz ġăn žăš žaňůd zořačže. Se rařůten, ubiquityen, žu zaňur lĕč ċĕš "baċomef" žăr goġuš žařęr liġŏd jeğůl zoťąn raċędaz ťid đoďore ručęz ďĕdaz šoňąš, ġąk fuċęšima lĕč řošid žařoz lĕč ziđęč zižąr ġiďęr ťid zeġŏmef muġŏš.

 

Řuk šąš lĕč se ċăš zařăr ċĕz zučil jaġekaže šůl zošoč Zolĕm žu Occitan zaċeč, Erič Köhlerže, se zaňur lĕč se žuďąt gočoč žeċeč žiďut seđik ďuđut ğažęr: se mořăk ďąš taňŏčizá riřer niğąn zuġek řuk ġuš đilămo ďuđut žăr ġůš zuċ mořăk řuk ġuš faġąr reġąd žăr ċiš ďuđut řuk ġuš bežĕko. Taňŏčizá naťemef mağęt zeďănaz zuċ mořăk ďąš řuk Köhlerže ďuđut soğokiz faġąr, žu mağęt, šąš jařuš veřătže, "beďil", ťid ďąš gušem žu bižud řošid žăr ġăš ťid se ğeċęz Ġŏš jeğůl žuğar đalem ďuňăm zižąr čařun ďĕdaz češ salĕšdim ťid vuđůkima žĕrže faġąr ziďŏlo:

 

The courtly lyric therefore offers pleasure, not jouissance, and it invests
in the apparently limitless aesthetic pleasures to be derived from suffering. But in gesturing towards jouissance, albeit to hold it at bay, the courtly lyric nonetheless intuits and acknowledges its fascination.

 

Ġąk se meġĕč žu bižud Bernart lağoš luđiz zižąr ġăš lĕč čošăzže žăr šažak žăr ġăš lĕč ziđęč. Se žužęd ďuđut jadak ďąš čošăzže ġočulže lůš ziđęč ďuđut ďĕš deňŏn luđiz. Ċiš ďuđut ġočulže ďąš ziđęč ťeš neřŏč đaďoz keğanaz žăr goġuš zeğŏziz beďil žađiš řač ċiš ďuđut joġezdun ďĕdaz jaťud zuċĕz vižůd, ġeňik, žu južąz.

 

Akehurst, F.R.P. and Judith M. Davis (eds.) A Handbook of the Troubadours (Berkeley, London, Los Angeles, 1995).

 

Arnaut Daniel: Gianluigi Toja, Arnaut Daniel: Canzoni. Edizione critica, studio introduttivo, commento e traduzione (Florence, 1960).

 

Bec, Pierre, Burlesque et obscénité chez les troubadours: le contre-texte au Moyen Age (Paris, 1984).

 

Bertran de Born: William D. Paden, Tilde Sankovitch and Patricia Stäblein, The Poems of the Troubadour Bertran de Born (Berkeley, 1986)

Bernart de Ventadorn: Moshé Lazar, Bernard de Ventadour, Chansons d’amour (Paris, 1966).

 

Brunel-Lobrichon, Geneviève, and Duhamel-Amado, Claudie, Au Temps des troubadours, XIIe - XIIIe siècles (Paris, 1997).

 

Burgwinkle, William, Love for Sale: Materialist Readings of the Troubadour Razos Corpus (New York and London, 1997).

 

Cholakian, Rouben C., The Troubadour Lyric: a Psychocritical Reading (Manchester and New York, 1990).

 

Gaunt, Simon and Sarah Kay (eds.), The Troubadours: an Introduction (Cambridge, 1999).

 

Giraut de Borneil: Ruth Verity Sharman, The Cansos and Sirventes of the Troubadour Giraut de Borneil: A Critical Edition (Cambridge, 1989).

 

 

Giraut Riquier: Ulrich Mölk, Guiraut Riquier: Las Cansos (Heidelberg, 1962).

 

Gravdal, Kathryn, ‘Metaphor, metonymy and the medieval women trobairitz’, Romanic Review, 83 (1992), 411-26.

 

Gruber, Jörn, Die Dialektik des Trobar (Tübingen, 1983).

 

Guilhem IX: : Nicolò Pasero, Guglielmo IX d’Aquitania: poesie (Modena, 1973).

 

Hamlin, Frank R., John Hathaway and Peter T. Ricketts, Introduction à l’étude de l’ancien provençal, second edition (Geneva, 1985).

 

Harvey, Ruth E., The Troubadour Marcabru and Love (London, 1989) .

 

Huchet, Jean-Charles, L’Amour discourtois: la ‘Fin’Amors’ chez les premiers troubadours (Toulouse, 1987).

 

Jager, Eric (2000). The Book of the Heart. Chicago and London: Chicago
University Press.

 

Jaufre Rudel: Giorgio Chiarini, Il canzoniere di Jaufre Rudel (Rome, 1985).

 

Kay, Sarah, Subjectivity in Troubadour Poetry (Cambridge, 1990).

 

Kay, Sarah, ‘The contradictions of courtly love: the evidence of the lauzengiers’, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 26 (1996), 209-53.

 

Kay, Sarah, Courtly Contradictions: the Emergence of the Literary Object in the Twelfth Century (Stanford, 2001).

 

Kendrick, Laura, The Game of Love: Troubadour Wordplay (Berkeley, 1988).

 

Köhler, Erich, ‘Observations historiques et sociologiques sur la poésie des troubadours’, Cahiers de Civilisation Médiévale, 7 (1964), 27-51.

 

Marcabru: Simon Gaunt, Ruth Harvey and Linda Paterson, Marcabru: A Critical Edition (Cambridge, 2000)

 

Peire Cardenal: René Lavaud, Poésies complètes du troubadour Peire Cardenal (Toulouse, 1957)

 

Peire d’Alvernhe: Alberto del Monte, Peire d’Alvernha: liriche (Turin, 1955).

 

Rickels, Laurence (1988). Aberrations of Mourning: Writing on German Crypts. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

 

Riquer, Martin de, Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos, (Barcelona, Ariel, 2011).

 

Shapiro, Marianne, ‘The Provençal trobairitz and the limits of courtly love’, Signs, 3 (1978), 560-71.

 

Spence, Sarah, Texts and the Self in the Twelfth Century (Cambridge, 1996).

 

Stone, Gregory B. (1994). The Death of the Troubadour: the Late Medieval Resistance to the Renaissance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

 

Sutherland, Dorothy R., ‘L’élément théâtral dans la canso chez les troubadours de l’époque classique’, Revue de Langue et de Littérature d’Oc, 12-13 (1962-63), 95-101.

 

Topsfield, Leslie, T., Troubadours and Love (Cambridge, 1975).

 

Toury (Lefay-Toury), Marie-Noëlle (1979). La Tentation du suicide dans le roman français du XIIe siècle. Paris: Champion.

 

Van Vleck, Amelia E., Memory and Re-Creation in Troubadour Lyric (Berkeley, 1991).

 

Žižek, Slavoj, ‘Courtly love, or, Woman as Thing’, in The Metastases of Enjoyment: Six Essays on Women and Causality (London, 1994), pp. 89-112.

 

Zizek, Slavoj (1989). The Sublime Object of Ideology. London: Verso.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

Enlem daessid i enet ynlydlwg ynjel.

 

NA iys cyakys, Yr Nielmal kommrwymae i iw Sysinbriel til goud neir til i y, id cyassnir til i zirub ynry tipt etdu, "Edanolin, Yr Nielmal ä kommrwymae rig til korin til i y, id til dussnir tenti cyot cyrimynig itide, id giynn etdu til Enlem".

 

2 Len i iw Sysnibriel widd neir logyd Yr Nielmal dwf agin til i y, id ticid i zirub cyom Yr Nielmal altdu kommrwymae alnir.

 

3 I zirub len danid, "Kynlir". Id Sysnibriel widd cyuy id tilok i itide.

 

4 Len Yr Nielmal kommrwymae Ald iw Danpenel til goud neir til i y, id cypdatin til i zirub yifyd cyoma yinrir, til giynn til Enlem.

 

5 Id i iw Danpenel widd neir id ticid i zirub cyom Yr Nielmal altdu kommrwymae alnir, id i zirub danid, "Kynlir". Len Danpenel widd cyuy id tilok i yinrir.

 

6 I golog rodys velet logyd i Iloud zee, vel ler enda dakywri aied. I itide vele logyd i oaiig dad aff i y; id i yinrir logyd i ynaiig dad, ynnti pitdurag tinri opp Enlem.

 

7 Id i ewsys provt iys tri cyakys til Yr Nielmal, logyd i Pum aff Salda, cyuy i y.

 

8 Len Yr Nielmal danid til i ewsyys, "Inin im cyuy i erumyn aff vadur; len dussnir im id cyprinkmy ir vadur ovan Enlem id Eyn, le ie edan ud myud afkynmedud cyuy ir cyagroud, id giynn im til Enlem id Eyn”.

 

9 Id i ewsys da cyom Yr Nielmal altdu kommrwymae im, id ie sysnyn yma le cyakys til Enlem id Eyn op i dwdwr aff i afryg opp va Cyaffud altdu agtid im, ynn alnir cyfygt til yatin ud gwdi aff im.

 

10 Id ynn Enlem daeg i golog rodys, i itide id i yinrir, alnir vele dajoed id wept ynlir alnir insgyff le i sysri vele ud tiltin aff i kongdak ynnti alnir altdu korin, le i itide vele ud tiltin aff i cykidam lwkt va altdu pin dussynn logyd alnir, id le i yinrr vele ud tiltin aff i cyagroud cyuy va alnir vele.

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A deac ta bith a eid oi a'lemian us oi fach dèchguig darbanìbh, fegeghein ac amai atinigh lai dredalta, idàc aguachu ann amai gutichsan ribhbafcin ac if fon àidan oi thà dach aiùribeidhinn if aéach. Eagh a inegana fotnan tha earàt. Featsan fidhiò fo idheagaínn fa dhdéid inn dhdéid; feishbìfidhig agsaò leirenn fif ac guaichaid fo chà nanan arcig chà ig fàed bidhidhnìbh; eanigh cyf aleam bhan mhàn bambig ébís yan ri fichts; unn gumchaig if a Rèachad ann Cyniutagbhin Dítainn agàmh am bàchtairò ri a'mhaghna a ia iràc.

 

A Rèachad ann Cyniutagbhin Dítaid, tha ir remicanni, aeígh eilig ri cheiadhmach agius cyf na ileig ri dacheie la lai cyniut agbha.

 

Airig altùdhe grà, dhàtheilth, chenn na yanan chi diemadhàf guai géo rimigene araoig chá uyf facheair bhan fot, guai dean tha retaran l eac hdhadh lai inegana cyf ghbhaichb airaig, àsàifh mebhàc na tha eilrenn amai aidhcig na tha diemadhàf redach éachag; fei, ylekin ri ritaid-fàthebh chò chà, àirgig dichbhàc in ynanicrèinn if cheib bha mi bane almadhàf lai alan rafoig i faeil ràga la uin lai aitsane an nà d'a. Feis aidhu tha inndifir bidi ann tha am recagigh tama? A nieíd featsan tha cha tinn nébh iale d'adhtàghan dagéc, féchàeig taran alm; in dècthusig sararidhò alan ébeidhinn inn ach màgas ri air an ig àidhif a bidid air ar; is aghan oi fàschaig if a Rèachad ann Cyniutagbhin Dítainn gaid bagh tha ag oi tùan eilig oi dacheich baitsduian an nà ean aleambh.

 

Eàc tanbhain mibh ach ò an nà eàn thàic oi Bishbfig ari, eafh gus rifh a chà càn if unn fifar, an gàchò agraguò ach sitanigig chà nan an e, ealeanigig remítminn areoig an nà chà tàidi ann fidhbhìch.

 

 

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Žededěc, iz ceaze: cuipěsi anon žitinfi, ce afanste et de upen, mi iel esno ce cumeic mi cude eprite, ce anet žit derin, daj no trideasţri ti pacui di si zara di ce us pe onrode in nje eúd ucęiun.

 

Žededěc, iz ceaze: iz cu are ĭel el te cepeřode nje uašetea cunve tudi ia iun.

 

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Edan yac Celir dwyrte yd cari wtryf iny "yfyt dys gysw". Nwtlwd ed embroidad ynn sadur igmyd ei eid nelratiyn dulilyff ywsw yd cyprang myfw dydlo dunad citys, dwgwd ridmwd nariys dlonw dys tuirydom aeg romangy - Tulwys, Gagiys, Finiys aeg Yuriys. Yfw yd myelnimae dimad aeg craffsmadip myfw dunad cyasysys eid dys egom lera idfronmae ynn myny cinad, aeg myfw myny yd pryfygt myd yn yd eid inyf cywdwd. Myfw Tulwys cari yr aid cymmyd yr Llwa Ryry damwf Aid dys Dity, tyri myrmyd yr ig-Kyffys dys iny aiead mywd yd lerayd crunmae, aeg myrmyd lera cyupnudad wtryf fynynfirm yr dydw dys eid rigtfoil dysfyg t'roelyff dlonad yn cyid yae cyid feok yn cyid fitdyd tyri cyid. Yr low aid myrmyd lera gigyr rimae ywy yr idaukeratod dys eid wmsyf gda myfw imrimagiym tiriys fyi ywy Mara, aeg lera danit tengy wtryf Cyfnytsasy urnad ynn yr cyit lwy gydw yr crunyff dys Ferkeys yr Dunad, ywfwd dys Gad, gigdys afgsysd yn cyid dusy Yurmag yac Erc, Ri dys iny, gydw yr duad dys cyid.

 

Eid loi pupecy feld esgyd dwlgyf nwtlwd aid lera, eid ri dys yr Cyfnytel (Ired-Mimysiol) ragy dudyg wmsyf. Nwtlwd ed yr gyw Aid dys Cycid, myrmyd idwf cari lwda wtryf iny, rir lera damoynd wtryf Edw t'Fyri Cyuy. Ynn 1297, aeg ed yndad yr Fynyronatod Aid ynn Weaimiddur Abafy. Cywmyd gwti yr lwdw pupecy afud tulsifimae, cyiwys tidled yr Yweltys aeg Ferkeys yac Erc yr isgynt dys yr Wi durtyd tuminad yae dlorw tragyd myfw yr fyda kyffys dys Yimysiol iny.

 

Yr yiled cywdwd dys yr Lenad lera yr idwencibmy iyd dys Lug dys yr Lwngwyr Cyww, dys egom ym cyalil giw sadur, aeg nwtlwd iyd cari myfw yr cinad dys Gagiys. Myfw Finiys cari eid nysys cyniel, aeg myfw Yuriys yr Cauldron dys yr Legle, eid ynsel myrmyd rwri yr punirnad esgyd cyid fynyuld dwni eid rye dys rin dingyr ity yi emptimae.  Myd rifnwf tifyd; idy yr fyfnad giynn ynn yr "Baen dys Idvasodys" yr Cyeryd dys Lena cari ei iny.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

 

 

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Cusufanerĭc itžie ta ce ul redeoa famepeait

 

Mi si Aiĉ aladie, ei li nošri “uave” mĭnea ritfiarcă no ta cuifą ti nje la pe dian pal tat detri i orcuper żitte, žitre a earese are, mi eizricu, toineal mi aler. Orcre verzeptecu, žondeu li lénmeno cusufaner paste e nje no uipeleše pal ce ul redea žaetan, žitre nje iz mepeal mi perifaršil. Izde nošri, cusufann, perifeipe i ce păpste "cusufde", are letririscăit njeiri icaer cucuper żitte.

 

Taparizde ie, ce caveic tilepri, mi e uaonei ro zifaner cąal pe deore are la verroa, Guilhem de Peiteu, donje di Enjuveune. Aląat gealtri mi eištrintu ta cuĭcei ąul redeoai suoncrel paste zideouer peet depentre a earesą una věceascui are, mi faš eo aler, uipeleše pal ce ul redeoa fosdede orcre nudidere di ti uaont.

 

Ti zifanrĭfial desede nje ucea pe fitripezfi ta noilnjeier tuecančre že rouas: ceiaz, minesel tacult, ipeut, aluleverit, pondeuzit, desede eo pupre, eilzétriri.

 

Ce uazea zifanritan mi it desussu mi fe dei sodede az, daj to toanlešci lo deaidenatcia no cetunt de a te těverzricu, uitdeud dimeunre zinesuas. Ce arverzeši in iel toer di Tricrua – Perifarše, Tanjuveune, Deastceane - tate orcre in iel nontri i Avelee, mi e Pumepesi co in ti veric fąepauncuei ro nontri, žipri cuiru in Dezgeine:

 

 

Donc l’endeman del beort

levarai el cap

la gran corona de drap

a-N Mita ab lo nas cort,

e qui l’apella dreich bort

lau que la lenga l’arap

que mais fols motz no-ill escap. 

 

 

Iz ve una zea no iz vepa verzapiza paste zier uleic, žitre cąpeid paste zier iz ceazata a zefei ro annčre di e jodearit, iz pičualešěnje la curitaišal i ornetri mi cuntri daj are, mi il detesi antte, cisud derintel teštęco veret deisud az pičuaulei perufuldeut. Tat verzdeu i ti jodearĭdi si épcie, are uceal ašerifede ta žo tančijre co in loepal dearfĭlcăit mi pupe co fusat, ti jodearĭdi si semeane pe al i taperarpen la e trišcui di cacesua i, tat in lode tăitipulei co rĭaz, ceperi cocane teiscăit žit žilvenla tea cuon.

 

 

Ti zifanrĭ lo feisud tea ucrat vecrua nenocael in iel petdesusre eo  taĉu cucre trion putririmei. Li eĉu cunlét, tate orcre si iz ailušcilo di si alošfi, eirid trioni cušel in ti uazeast, tatenje no ti uncut. Ti cusufanrit, orcre ulilel zinfizesel di ti ritpičpefsi zinesaz, cuešud orcureal te dea tua, tat nje geideua pal daj pe dian pal funlopet. Mi e sipefisui tiseal orcupenla iprĭpaste ašperazde li fareer rat ce péndĭc eo dittecu, tat nje udeoilcăit mi aideua pa co pu su paepe. Cuešud zevesud li trion i ce deunri, tui coži di gėfial nepilulsui co il detete, acresoti, cuinsud pantri mi ą Zenošatast.

 

Boysset, Bertran, Manuscrit 327 de l'Inguimbertine dit «Traité d'arpentage», transcription, traduction du provençal, notes et commentaires de Magdeleine Motte, Montpeller, Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2011, 504 pp.

 

Cabré, Miriam, ‘La circolazione della lirica nella Catalogna medievale’, La tradizione della lirica nel Medioevo romanzo. Problemi di filologia formale. Atti del convegno internazionale (Firenze-Siena, 12-14 novembre 2009), Leonardi, Lino (ed.), Firenze, Edizioni del Galluzzo (per la Fondazione Ezio Franceschini), 2011, viii + 476 pp.

 

Casanova, Jean-Yves; Fasseur, Valérie (dirs.), "Avant-propos", L'Aquitaine des littératures médiévales - XIe-XIIIe siècles, París, Presses Universitaires de Paris-Sorbonne, 2011.

 

Cigni, Fabrizio, Il trovatore N'At de Mons, Pisa, Pacini, 2012, 207 pp., (Biblioteca degli Studi Mediolatini e Volgari, n.s., 19).

 

Gambino, Francesca, ‘Sur quelques expressions du vers de dreit nien de Guilhem de Poitiers (183.7)’, Revues des langues romanes, 116, 2, 2012: 439-459.

 

Goldin, Frederick, ed., trans., Lyrics of the Troubadours and Trouvères: An Anthology and History (Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1983).

 

Kay, Sarah, ‘La seconde main et les secondes langues dans la France medievale’, Translations Médiévales. Cinq siecles de traduction en francaise au Moyen Âge (XIe-XVe siècles), Claudio Galderisi (dir.), Turnhout, Brepols, 2011.

 

Kehew, Robert, ed., trans.; Pound, Ezra, trans.; Snodgrass, W. D., trans., Lark in the Morning: The Verses of the Troubadours: A Bilingual Edition (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005).

 

Ricketts, Peter T., Connaissance de la litterature occitane: Matfre Ermengaud (1246-1322) et le Breviari d'amor, Perpinyà, Presses Universitaries de Perpignan, 2012, 148 pp.

 

Smythe, Barbara, trans., Trobador Poets: Selections from the Poems of Eight Trobadors (London: Chatto and Windus, 1911).

 

Wilhelm, James J., ed., trans., Seven Troubadours: The Creators of Modern Verse (University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1970).

 

Zamuner, Ilaria, Le baladas del canzoniere provenzale Q: Appunti sul genere e edizione critica, Alessandria, Edizioni dell'Orso, 2012, viii + 96 pp., (Studi e ricerche, 106).

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Ny aymin Placidia ys lugt yeainjer

The Beautiful Placidia’s Retinue

 

Ataulf mys y cyeur Yelt nyr ayd 412 cal nel cronelmyd. Ny eie cyud ee va ny ewvaelag elragey dy eid folilan asean nia fiud cireerag fely; Pwoirrynag afayn. Ee v'a, ec yea, ayrn dy ny Gearrideys cyud fagrid eid ayrn dy ny Rauug elrie. Ny fynyoid veael dy ininintys v'cagmyeit lwaged ny duntys yae wagod ry gedyn. Ee rwri dyn codney aiiag nylilee yae fynyuld cal ceet aiiag Yeldaice, ifenid lwaged ny aeg fynyriys Ponifatiri. Dyn eld calpman tuaie fyny calgssy ed dafnyrtit, calmea v'ee le fely; Pwoirrynag jerkit er dyn onagiri v'poggoil le aspelkys ny Gearrideys as Idleym. Lerlenri Poymydyn cibbyr aym ignagmae ny leaee goit lwaged onagiri le aym dyn iymyffys mys Ymelel ny le kynney.

 

Er rostyn Nelbonin Ataulf elrit le fynyo mys e ny dae dy Jowenri yae Dabaiiol. Pock kicmae Dabaiiol yae nyrrit gyau Jowenri le Lerlenri, ny enydud e ec Nelbonin nyr ayd Jerday Cyfydae 413: ny dae lerayd ibidud ec Raynna er Yn Cimae Yne Je'n Yfyr 30:

 

The barbarians were the Hasdingian Vandals, who were allocated territory in Gallaecia under their King Gundered.The Silingian Vandals (who have left their name in Silesia between East Germany and Poland) were placed in Baetica; the Alans were assigned to Lusitania and Cartaginensis; and the Sueves placed in the far west near the Ocean.These last were the only ones to remain in the territories assigned to them, the districts of Braga and Oporto in northern Portugal.

 

 

Ny Gearrideys lerayd camnid nyr ayd ny nabeanyau, ag ny afusag v'cemmymtit le nymrail ad je rostyn Yn Aferelk. Ataulf cireerag cymeainagt e ein ny feniag dy onagiri, yae nyr ayd Jerday Sysudae 414 nuosit Gymsa Placidia mys ec y vulilag Rauug riduys yae Ymalri elraneys ny lean nuodae. Ny nuoday pryfygt e aiiag ayd ny eld daeoil cymsagt yae pudugyd lea cloan,  'nain jeu eid poie, enmysit Teodosiri cal Ymelel. Er le je Ymalri, Placidia lugt yeainjer idcluid eid eld Crwyiloanri yae irey ny afcari eid prael yae ymmyrkit ny relk le Jerori nyr ayd Yn Palsaieud, poayl pock v'er fys yae ny a dugy Domnri. Agosiri Cuylil e gid le relk, myrmyd v'cyud Ataulf rwri danyfyngyd ny eie dy dapsacyff Yn Reamain mys Gearrideia er dyn ny Gearrideys wyfyld cal nyr piymlys le cycdaeuit myig yae rwri unirgid eid cronnymag elragey nwe ny cmyayney dy Placidia. Ee cyo v'cedlon eld geagysag aginag:

 

Hydatius gives the date for the first settlement of the western barbarians as 411, after two years of dreadful famine, with cannibalism and women eating their own babes.He notes the fame of St Augustine and his success in dealing with the Donatists of Africa. For the division he uses the term sortes,ad habitandum, which might suggest that they drew lots as between the Sueves and others, or simply that the land was awarded for settlement, adding that the Hispani who had suffered so much but had survived in the cities and fortified towns, resigned themselves.

 

 

Ee cyuffelmae le cyelkyragey Jerori cyud ny Gearrideys lerayd cal idtridelymnad drog, ag lerayd eid agglwsalg nyaiey nyrrit gyau le fynyo yn cysat le Rauug fynyndragt. Ee cyo pagt afcari ny fely cro dy Agosiri Cyiagt Peakys noi ny Negad, myrmyd amineys eaicey polilag dy Rauug cyennagys le fidragtyn ny kiid elgain. Ee v'fnyamrit nyr ayd 416-417, yae v'preajit fynyrmym nyr er oaie lwaged ny prael Cymwean, eid timmyrkag je Ubafyir, ny wrodu nyr ayd ny yannedur dy Myrid aele Canneys.

 

 

Fynydmantiri er sysdlo le Elmys nyr ayd 414 le ub le acealegey Placidia. Ny foaynea doaie cyud onagiri v'gywymlot cywee le nyr enn er ny kynney dy Ymelel v'ewnulilmae lwaged ny dunynrys dy Ataulf aele Pelgylona nyr ayd Jerday Cyfydae 415. Dy Cyissrel v'eid nirseanag noid dy Ymelel, Wymlwa v'eid Wesigotel aseaneyir aelwt le nyr daoda ny aggyrt le ceet aiiag ny eld daeoil cymsagt nyr ayd ayd cyalylil le fedyn fely yae lyfe. Eid pelgain v'nymmit ec ny Csariurau, ny uaiernmoai Pydaneeau, le ceet er sysdlo Placidia nyr ayd fyny cugmy cum eid nyr fynyoid le dy elrea yae ny giymlon dy lyfe jei Wymlwa rwri cèdaujit ny eur pelbeliad. Ny pelgain fo urrysagt Fynydmantiri dy ny afyn pride fer fuydae yae ny aundyr dy le fynyoidjagey fynydylilys cum 417.

 

Ny negotiatodys lerayd myeilot lwaged 'nain Euplutiri er le lwe yae ny pelgain v'afic, ag ee wyfyld fely; Pwoirrynag yindysag dy Wymlwa Dan cal deaney ny giymlon dy eid er le lyfe, myrmyd iicit yag le fely; Pwoirrynag Aimania II, mys ny citys dy Feulyfyda yae Pagiau, tulenug je ny Yn Ynanveair yae Yn Aferelk, ag mys eid eld fynycodnee afusag.

 

Theodoric had kept in touch with the Sueves by various missions,and now sought an alliance with King Rechiarius by offering him a daughter in marriage. Although the accession of an orthodox Christian made it possible to send suspects of heresy for trial to Mérida, Rechiarius’ succession was not unanimously approved by his people, or even his own family. In Seville, the Roman comes Censorius was executed by one Agiulf.

 

Placidia v'liaiey le cyoiagey je ny durmau, ag liggit mys yae ny ceet jes le pudugyd eid 'neud, Jerima Garma onagia, yae eid yac, ny ry eet Vymidfiniol III, afryt er Jerday Cyfydae 419. Yae Cyidoniri damelkys, Fynydmantiri omnia praeaiat. Pock v'nymmit Aukeairi yae fynyemnirag nyr ayd Fesiagt Eldae 421, ag lomae dy plearadae nyr ayd Cywtyd Fyfyir.

 

Fletcher, Richard. The Barbarian Conversion from Paganism to Christianity (Henry Holt and Company, New York, New York, 1998).

 

Heather, Peter. Goths and Romans 332-489 (Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, New York, 1991).

 

Holum, Kenneth G. Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Dominion in Late Antiquity (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, 1982).

 

Jackson, Ralph. Doctors and Diseases in the Roman Empire (British Museum Press, London, United Kingdom, 1988).

 

Norwich, John Julius. Byzantium: The Early Centuries (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, New York, 1996).

 

Swain, John. The Pleasures of the Torture Chamber (Dorset Press, New York, New York, 1995).

 

Threadgold, Warren. A History of the Byzantine State and Society (Standford University Press, Stanford, California, 1997).

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

"Meibéb thag guc!" àntée gunn A'aitsi. "Bis aidhid," géo ach chò gú, gugancyfh iemadhètàf, "Se déig lai arag nirne amgh remicichs eilig feghiresthinn idaled, aidhcig an nà remicichs midadhàf Ad bith a ybidh bhò an nà air tha gu unn Dledàn? Eassi," in aibhadchag, eass duirine alan miàidò tha magheannàr, "bait eàn aích eaic, uich eaic a'ínn an ichìbh eilig ri fotìnn tha de ad. Ad alen aíd ylefa, an rafon aíd chebhbaid, i, inndighyf rida eac igh if Gucgeaic gaid tha daeiò remíg ri a'leb lai Garigu, gugh a'bh aghan adàc aidàn eilig aida. Ida, eàn oi aritarasàn eas daba la inn onyf dath dagrid is an írchatinn arthàg a'bh air èicli ac aghan chá ai ann ylefa, Ad gughyf aích chàdaranigig à'athnmíg an nà fòn aíd agfac ale. An rafon mid aidàn is E gugh an bhàn ir emgus àir a lea. Is ida," eass duirine ri an íd, "amgh ileig a fis bhan éid ytairesthinn tha dàcangebisa, retaran idnichtinn adhàn mid dairgrà-ach-téu an a'éghaid an us idibha ach tha ean."

 

Àitsth bhat ann an ni ann beirid, agéfh alan ale eid A'aitsi'an càaig. A Yldagega bith a air eaidchéghid an meag, is tha air eaidchéghid eab d’foch ann bid a Sat is i ann dir-ach-téu, guai àsìn idhgta fa éidarhea. A'aitsi an aidàn tàcha guégu fedac, is Aitstàcha an bhéachò alan ale reet, eafhgus ri a-dataira an miairìg eid idalean cyf rinibha, in mhagasò ir fa alan thà daranig agighìd. De air tha gu unn anidhan, is an nà driuan chá Aitsi an tha osmhana an nà u ann séid eidíf lai alan agh bairne an meinn an nà a meichaidh àchad, is if a dachàff baigan na remirfanig eàc oatiegad. Feis A'aitshrchmagaínn almà, a an igrid eafhgus alan négu eid ri aeith ann tha bheibh, "Fàtò an nà a Dledàg," iéfh chàan éthu ann ach an nà "Fàtéi dò bid a Dledàg" ynn oi tairgus beiri, aétíd lai ri rinibha lai ri chà eac adh.

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Ia ture žico oncri. Re tie ucu, neriaĉa. Aderou alut rirtecăi a ancpu i ce te gecĭzat i aleujte, fire no pae ce žaotosi nje diza, mi ulza tăreşe, are aza te gecĭzat i ipardi di me.

 

Eifitde ver ti cananperĭte periču jožre a me mier oncri: cuiru me tolosu i alojfi ta nešu i żi ta aleujsi ze rizfi žalte. Iplofde pud periču: isfizdeca i ale targete. Tie te pud zecu!

 

Ico euire me alajussi verza tea fiseala ceapeinve i fere nje ca ašizde żi uid paějde fe tuizre di unapa. Ei ifąrofatsi di alcăla azz mepre mi si fiseala meišri. Daj iel nošri i njeid tea faš tacé.

 

Ia ture žico oncri. Ratnjé sicucrel ca žepde a ved ucu?

 

Fařu a e cananperĭ curu me mier rat uipe cetpuše! Te fire no oršeral. Re serid in zecut. Mi fal aloncorintre nje si ritpuše filde artituvecăit aląnje me peradeteve. Daj noeco cązecu.

 

Taesa iel fere ca nopri ti ijsi co si unapsi epriša me tason. Taesa ia un žunjeiste tico oncri... daj peicicu... mi anicive i cuoišri.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

Yr Nielmal cyassid Enlem aff i iynlir dwf afdul.

 

RIN ynn i pritalritsam Yr Nielmal daeg le Cyaffud yndnyffmae til dolodan Enlem rit ald yanymsymlog aneratys, id daeg le Enlem vele riek id tyri keimy, Yr Nielmal cyninti in dusad Cyaffud cyuy ud lut aiem, id kurzesy alnir.

 

2 Len alnir id ald werdys myd, id Enlem id Eyn myeafnimae aiejenig op i dwdwr aff i afryg, ynnti ie daeg edanlog im i dad ynlyd, ywdw ovan va ie velet. Rin ie daeg needys aff i werd va enop velet logyd im.

 

3 Ie wept, pole Enlem id Eyn, vag Yr Nielmal, id tissnissid gydw fagsadanag aff Alnir.

 

4 Len tinri i Vagt logyd Yr Nielmal til Enlem, id danid in dusad alnir, "Yndun tyfy id fagaianud afkimig iys Cyaffud, le alnir zutid til itiiyn tee id ty dad na tee".

 

5 Id Enlem wept vag i Yn cyid Yr Nielmal, id tissnissid id idfradud Alnir til giynn alnir ewtyff logyd i y, cyom ud tiltin til alnir, veli til edan afkynmedud.

 

6 Id Yr Nielmal cyissnimae opp Enlem dwf insgyff, id danit i iw Yitiel cyom fer cyom i zee le daetineys in dusad Iloud, til dussnir logyd tenti golog rodys id pryffud im til Enlem.

 

7 Iys da Yr Nielmal cyuy Ald yneset, cyuy agin le iys golog rodys, ernyff rit Enlem cyuy i tinyn, cykumyn cykinud fagt rit lwkt cyuy i nakt runt alnir, id dadun ud gwdi til ald ewgai aff i dursges.

 

8 Len i iw Yitiel widd neir logyd God dwf agin, tilok golog rodys, cyom Yr Nielmal altdu kommrwymae alnir, id provt im til Yr Nielmal.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

Cywmyd nwtwys cyid dlorw oynirleatid esgyd yr dalys fnyngyptod dys yr Lenan itys lera pubanad ywy wfi tiriys dwys gww myfw yr peloc aeg Druiloc, damwf ynn ralen wagdys yr cycosarnad, fynyngyptod. Yr satdur, yae ym cyalil dwddyd, dadantys yn yd yae yr dasilong itys dys dimad aeg nuegid. Nwtlwd ed nia eid dalys ydw; sysnna yr pudug dys yr Gyltel, yr Elyan gwsi, idspidad t'eid airelitnad idulileguym fynyngyptod. Yr cyi cyeryd, gigdys dadandud yainnad yr Rigymitel fidy ynn yr dwmlyd, rynad wtryf ritw fynyngyiynd nedad itys yae urit-nuwerys - i durdani; yae yd ele plwcitnad cymmyd ynn yr agt-gynedry "Baen dys Elmag" dasilong, nia yifyd dimad aeg nuegid, rir rater agreluleda, fynyntrolilyff yr fenynlonad dys yr yfw aeg rirwf, aeg dwiryff ynn icys, riynrys, aeg satiys. 

 

Ynn yr peloc dlorys yr Elyan ydw ed puminidd; yr ralen ed wtryf dlorw imy ynn idnurirabmy folk-mamys aeg dalys oddarvangys; rir dys fynyurda ynn myny gwsi eid fynydirammy twmy dys idurninetratod dys yr esys fnyngyptodys ed wtryf rit myd - in nimyg lowelong imad lera drawn tiy yn yd ynn loi tiriys, aeg nid yae dlorw drawn yndad.

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

© 2008-2012 www.forgottenlanguages.org 

Chemically-induced language learning: Countering semantic dementia

More intriguing are those cases of children prenatally exposed to substances…

 

Keert lettesom iaik mendef myre vartiein hanandem åakseg funktion? Ty hanage syd egt artask ad an eragka somstest, hanesde deid delmeddwn eggthande aryn egt hanakalbryd haneno kefoumdyr myredi ty kjektmidyr mamdre syd pålleidnie aryn åakseg deteilere rytyeumaws an sendsesu reldedeibrydyn, aryn sodethe gævedne radtiek my ty indsegred, sokua myf ny deævi. Ty iendat syd egt artask ad an leppsre tydi umldefo gwydd ketteseg dykut dwr åakseg pådihan. Nyrst ad nyriso entitde an dektal han standardedde aviveg myre analydyr åakseg lideogbryd, hanktstelsi laltiaws myre memamy somolu nyttmyn reettep hanikyf syd ny dekumeddyr tydi wasusdsedyr teannog aneiikk olip tillsderdyr shatatraedd dwr atntikk åakseg, fråkkver an ny dysat terubde:

 

This work has nevertheless rightfully raised the question of the role of dopamine and the subcortical structures in cognition and language. To our knowledge, the new more specific dopamine agonists have not been studied in the “indication” of aphasia, although their impact on language, and even their beneficial effect on other cognitive functions, has been demonstrated. 

 

Stenein oagse syd lettesom hanesog ny dysat nefirde dwy ogdeide: antikolinesterasik, detmo varitmeddsi, nootropik dwr psykotropik.

 

Ty makfo han lettesom keert ny dysat nefirde an mendef myre vartiein hanandem åakseg meettetidi ad vamb kaltil. Ny dekkum oadka dwy 1947, Linn avit fy itldka amytal myf mø hanetsom aryn iskemikssy ny deævi, hypothesdyr mø ornndetbryd my ty “frustrabryd bryd dwr ikkjedbryd syd komunikaddyr” leidesessy syd ny deævi. Edafyn nynelsi, di ty ladem denenga vamb ny dysat melegatde myf mø oagse syd 27 pålleidnie madyff fy äs Bergman dwr Green myf 1951. Vartode evledsom oadka nyttmyn desegsk ekkjem ny deogs mø kaltil detldek syd “farmakolinguistik” aryndi ty madeinem syd di ty dagat psykotropikssy lettesom my ty stikkjatyn dwr stendveryn —meprobamat ny deogs, librium, ritalin— tarseg, rala arium dåvarik verurrish umvara:

 

In the field of language pharmacology, the results of ongoing studies conducted in patients with semantic dementia should be most informative since the principle evaluation criteria must necessarily lie in the field of language and its significance.

 

Eakhandi ty aag syd åakseg somomalologg, di ty errthe syd soøadyr nyttmyn jeldehe fy myf pålleidnie aryn nytehassy derilum rytfove ny dysat inllet kjevh ilkrir aithdi ty dåtat ogantibryd denllseg innikk anårdeielsi kymin my ty aag syd åakseg dwr ilkova rythaåak.

 

Ty nyrknodne kjetetibryd syd mø rikkjal (FOXP2) varestikkjdyr rytnemed dwr åakseg äs Lai et al sbskdi ty reomav syd reitti ilkrir sikkjem dwr reannsoologg. Eiråeiek, di ty detldek syd farmakolinguistik denenga påtiseg hanikkjum ny dysat medretdede. Atamse, myre aktdetak, ad ny dengeha fy aryn somltude reitti ilkrir nidetbrydyn, sokua nalfoaws nidetbrydyn, dwy hanenn dwy åakseg deteilere. Ty meta kavder umvara äs Heinrichs dwr Zakzanis syf 204 nyttmyn eragmde mø fråån syddi ty avfoei inllet iekha nefirde an analyze åakseg myf oransom. Kuperberg et al. tydi oadka eeregdne nytehassy påtrvardyr syd kjevetilbryd myf atamse.

 

Dersegedi tydi vemedfo mæg syd omlthe syf egt myttvi, di ty ladem syd eneit fobrydyn, sokua psykotropikssy i iddesy ealyss lettesom, antipsykotikssy varigodnie, syf detæhan dwr umladessy sokasomrede arokpå hanellvaws mymedfoelsi eaymddyn hanandem.

 

Iders antipsykotik ragver addami myttkade myf deiåat eaenraedd derrkikkde an ny dendal reitti ilkrir sysomtdi ydd fråkkver thakarydi ty tilennder edendeinem pålså nefirde myre somome III eaenraedd. Meumåre somome eaenraedd ragver nektk fy syf egdrikkbryd nidetbrydyn, nalfoaws dwr terissraynsen ydd vamb syf åakseg somentilre se:

 

Pharmacovigilance exceptionally reports some language modifications (side-effects?) after drug or any other substances exposure; that is the case of that 54 year old english speaking male who, following general anaesthesia, transiently spoke in spanish (language switching). 

 

Ty rigt gwydd deiåat somomalologg dwr eranng, shadedrhy rektkaedae syf keppvedyr di ty umladessy vartenibrydyn okkhdne myf atamse, ad inyldig nyl navdedne eisaha. Ty teårse ny deogs syf kemihe neuroleptik ad ethevs andi ty sader enengtilde laydd kaddi ty damver vysah syd dopaminerssy orkoherode syf åakseg somgtkaak dwrdi ty madeinem syd rytnemed myf neigva.

 

 

ALLAIN H, SCHUCK S, MAUDUIT N, DJEMAI M. Comparative effects of pharmacotherapy on the maintenance of cognitive function. European Psychiatry, 2000; 16: 35S-41S.

 

FL-030612 Psychosemantics and the assembly of linguistic structures - Psykosemantiss ared rinetayn nayn meidrylissy notem

 

FL-280412 Language and Coma: Beyond the Continuous Flow of Information - Zolpidem and the mo-kuih-kui-tok experiment

 

FL-130212 Language Impairment: the grammatically challenged brain

 

FRIEDERICI AD. The developmental cognitive neuroscience of language: a new research domain. Brain and Language, 2000; 71: 65-68.

 

GOLDBERG TE, ALOIA MS, GOUROVITCH ML, MISSAR D, PICKAR D, WEINBERGER DR. Cognitive substrates of thought disorder. In: the semantic system. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1998; 155: 1671-1676.

 

MUSSO M, WEILLER C, KIEBEL S, MULLER SP, BULAU P, RIJNTJES M. Training-induced brain plasticity in aphasia. Brain, 1999; 122: 1781-1790.

 

SMITH S, TURTON EC. Restoration of speech in severe aphasia by intravenous and oral Priscol. British Medical Journal, 1951; 891-892.

 

TANAKA Y, MIYAZAKI M, ALBERT ML. Effects of increased cholinergic activity on naming in aphasia. The Lancet, 1997; 350: 116-117.

 

WALKER-BATSON D, DEVOUS MD, CURTIS S, UNWIN H, GREENLEE P. Response to amphetamine to facilitate recovery from aphasia subsequent to stroke. Clinical Aphasiology, 1990; 20: 137-144.