ƴϫʆƈʚƍϫʅԇ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ
ϧʚϧʅϧʚʠԇ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺϫƴϫȝϫʅԇ ƍϫϧʅȣʚʅƴ ʅƨƈ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ ƴʅƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƴʅ ϰʚƺϫƨȝ ƺϫʆƈʅƾʚƨȝ ȣϫ ȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚȣʅƴʚϫƺ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƴϫƨϫƍʚƴ, ϫƴʚ₰ʚϫƺ ƨʚƨʚϰɯʚϫƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƾʅ₰ʚϫƺ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ƺϫƾʅϧʅƨȝ ƽʅȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ʚƨʚϧʚʠԇ, ƌʅƨϫԇʚʠƺ ƽʅȝʅ ԇʚƽʚȝʅԇȝ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƽʚԇʚϧʚϫƽ. ƴϫƍʅƨȝ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȣʅƺʚϧϫهԇ ʅƨƈ ƴϫʆƈʚƍϫʅԇ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ ԇʅԇϫԇʚϫƴ ʚϫƴϫȣϫهԇ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ₰ʚȝʚʠƺ ƽʚԇƈʅ ƴʚȣʚϧʚʠƴ ƽʚԇϫȣʚʠԇ, ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ƍʚƺʚȝةƨȝ ʚϫƴʅ₰ʚϫƽ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ₰ϫȝϫƾϫʅԇ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ʆƈʅϰʅƺʚϫƴ ₰ϫȣʅԇʚϫƺ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ ɯϫƾϫƨʚϫƺ ƍʅƺϫƴϫʅƽ ȣϫ ȝʅ ƺϫȝهݥهƨʚƺʅʚ ϰʅƽʅƴϫƴ.
ȝʚϰɯʚƺʚʠԇ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ʆƈʚȝʅƽʚϫƴ ԇʅƈϫʅԇ ϰϫƍʅƴϫʅƽ ʅƨƈ ԇʚȣʅϧʚϫƴ ȣϫ ԇƈʅ ƺϫȝهݥهƨʚƺʅʚ ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ȝϫȝʚƨϫʅƴ ƽʅȝʅ ƨϫƽʅȣʚƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϫƴϫƾʚʠƴ ϰϫƍʅƺϫʅƺ ƍʆ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ƍʚƺʚȝةƨȝ ȝʅȝʅϫƴ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƴʚƽϫȝϫهԇ ȝϫϧϫƍʅƴ ƽʚԇƈʅ ƺʚȝϫƨʚƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ԇʚƽʚȝʅԇȝ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƽʚԇʚϧʚϫƽ ʆƈϫʆƈʅϰϫʅƽ ƌϫƴʅƨʚƴ ƾϫϧϫƾʚʅƴ ƨϫԇʅϧϫʅƴ ȣʅƨƈʅ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ 360 ȝʚƺʚȣʅʚƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϧϫƴʅȝʚʅƴ. ƌʅƨʅȣʚƨȝ ƌϫƽʅԇϫƨȝ ƍϫƨʅƨةƨȝ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȣϫ ƺϫʅƽ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺϫƴϫȝϫʅԇ ƾʚԇϫϧʅƨȝ ʅƨƈ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ϰɯϫϧʚԇʚʠԇ ȣϫ ȝʅ ƍʅȣϫƨʚϫƽ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ʆƈϫʆƈʅϰϫʅƽ ƺϫƍʅƈʚʠƴ ȣʅƨƈʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƍʚϰɯʚԇةƨȝ ₰ϫȝʚ ȣʚϫƺ ₰ʅ ϰϫƨʅϫƴ ƴʚƨϫʅԇ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ƾϫƽϫƨϫƨȝ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƴʚƨϫƴʚϫԇ ₰ϫȝʚ ȣʚϫƺ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƍʚƍʠƴهƽʅʚƽ ƨʚȝʚԇϫƨȝ:
A spinoff from one of the conjurations in the Dragon rouge was La poule noire, the first known edition of which appeared in 1820. Its popularity was due to the treasure conjuring ritual of the same name which was notorious in eighteenth century France. There were several variations of the tradition. One required the releasing of a black hen at the treasure site and then sacrificing it. Another consisted of the sacrifice of a black hen at a crossroads or cross around midnight in conjunction with a conjuration to call up the Devil.
ƽʅȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƨϫȣʚƨϫهԇ ʅƨƈ ԇʚƽʚȝʅԇȝ, ԇϫԇϫȝʅʚƴ ₰ʚƺϫʅƴ ȣϫ ƽϫȣʚϫԇ ʆƈϫʆƈʅϰϫʅƽ ƽʚƾʅԇϫƨȝ ƽϫƽʚƨʚƴ ȣʅƨƈʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƴʅ ϰϫƾʚʠԇ ƽʅȝʅ ԇʚƽʚȝʅԇȝ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƾϫƽϫƨʚʠƺ ԇʅƺϫʅƺ ϰɯʅƴϫƾϫهƴ ƺʅƨƈƾʚ ȣʅƨƈʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫȣʅԇʚϫƺ ԇʅƺϫʅƺ ϰɯʅƴϫƾϫهƴ ƺʅƨƾʚ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȣʅƴϫȣϫهƴ ȣʅȝʅ ₰ϫȣʅԇʚϫƺ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ₰ʅ ȝϫهƴ ƍʅȣʅƽϫʅƽ ԇϫȝϫƨȝ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȝϫϰʚƺʅƴ ƽʅȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʚϫƴʅ ȣʚϫƺ ϰϫƍʅƺϫʅƺ ƍʆ ₰ϫƽ ʚƾʚϫƴ ʆƈʚƴʚϧʅʚƴ ȣϫ ϰʚƾʚƴ ƴʅ ƈϫƽʚϫƺ ƴʅ ƨʚƨϫهƴ ɯʅƾʅϰʅԇȝ ƾʚƽʚƺϫʅƺ ƽʅȝʅ ȝʚƺʚϫԇ ȝʅƨʚȣϫʅƽ ƽʚԇƈʅ ƍʚƍʠƴهƽʅʚƽ ƾʅȝʅƺϫƴ.
ȝʅȝʅ ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ƨϫʆƈʅƴʅԇȝ ₰ϫƨʚϰɯʚƨȝ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ₰ϫȣʅԇʚϫƺ ϰɯϫϧʚԇʚʠԇ ƌʅƴʚϫƴ ȣϫ ƺϫԇƈ ϧʚƾʅƈϫʅƽ ȣʚƨƈϫԇƈ ƴʅ ԇʚϧϫʅƽ ʅƨƈ ƺϫƴϫȝϫʅԇ ₰ʚƺϫهƴ ȝʅƨƈʅ ϫƾ ϰɯϫƽϫƨʚϫƽ. ԇʚԇʚȝʚϫƴ ƽʚԇʚϧʚϫƽ, ʚϫƴʚƽϫʅԇ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƨʚϰɯةƨȝ ʅƨƈ ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ϰɯϫϧʚԇʚʠԇ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʚƴʅƺϫʅԇ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ʚϫƴʚƽʚϫƴ ƾϫϧϫƾʚʅƴ ƺʚƽʅϧʚϫƴ ȣϫ ȝʅϫƴ ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ȝʅƨƈʅ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ϫƴʚȣʚϫԇ ϧʅȝϫʅƺ ԇʅϰϫƾʚʠԇ ʆƈʚȝʅƽʚϫƴ ȣʚƺʚϰɯϫهƴ ƺϫƨʚϫƴ ʅƨƈ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ƽʅϧʚƺʚʠԇ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƴʚ₰ʚƴ. ԇʚƽʚȝʅԇȝ, ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ₰ʅ ƽʅԇةƨȝ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ȣʚƨƈϫԇƈ ʚϫƴʚƽʚϫƴ ƺʚƽʅϧʚϫƴ ȣϫ ȝʅϫƴ ƺʅȝʅ ƽʚԇʚϧʚϫƽ, ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ԇʚȝʅȝϫʅԇ ϰϫϧʅȝʚʠƺ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ϰʚԇʚϧʅϫƴ ƽʚԇϫʚƴ ʅƨƈ ₰ϫƾϫƍʅƴ ƌʚƾʅϰϫʚƴ.
ϧϫƾʅƨʚʅƴ, ₰ϫȣʅԇʚϫƺ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ ƽʚƾϫԇƈ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƽϫƨƈϫԇƈ ƴʅ ƴʚϧϫهԇ ƽʅȝʅ ƴϫϰʅƾʚʅƴ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ʚƺϫهƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϫƴʅȣϫʅƽ ȝʚϧϫȣϫʅԇ ƍʚƺʚȝةƨȝ ȣʅƈʚƍϫʅԇ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ȣϫ ƨϫʚƴ ȣʅƺϫʚƴ ƽʅȝʅ ϫƴʅȝʚϫƺ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ₰ϫȣʅԇʚϫƺ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ. ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ƍʚƺʚȝةƨȝ ƾʚϧϫȝʅԇȝ ɯϫ ƽϫƾʅԇȝ ԇʅƾʚȝʅƴ ƺϫƽʅϧʚʠƺ ȝʚϧϫȣϫʅԇ ƽʅȝʅ ʆƈʅƈϫƍʚƴ ϰϫƽʚʠƺ. ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ƍʚƺʚȝةƨȝ ϫƴʚ₰ʚϫƽ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ԇϫȝϫʅƽ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫƍʅƨȝ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʅƨƈ ʚƴʅƺʚʠƴ ƽʚԇʚϧʚϫƽ ȝϫƨƈʅ ʚϫƴϫƽϫʅԇ ʚϫƴʚԇʅԇȝ ƺϫȣϫƽʚϫƽ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϧϫƾϫʆƈʚʠƺ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƴϫƽʚƍϫƨȝ ƍʅƺʚƍϫƴ ƽʅȝʅ ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ԇϫԇϫȝʅʚƴ ƌʅƴʚϫƴ:
The Grand grimoire was not only a manual for diabolic communication; the mere possession of it came to be seen as an act of pact-making. In 1804, the same year that Napoleon crowned himself Emperor, a trial in Amiens deliberated on the case of a man found with a grimoire, most likely the Grand grimoire, with which he said he could call up the Devil by merely touching it.
ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ȝʚϧϫƽʅϫƴ ȣϫ ƨϫʚƴ ȝʚԇϫƨƈ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƾʅƨʅϫƴ ƾʚϧϫȝʅԇȝ ȣϫ ȝʅ ʆƈϫȝʅϰʚƴ ʆƈʅƈϫƍʚƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʅԇʅϧϫʚƴ ƽʅϧϫȝϫʅƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ԇʅƨϫϰϫʅƽ ȝʅȝϫƴʅʚƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺϫƽʅԇةƨȝ. ƌʅƽʅϧʚϫƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚȣʅƴʚϫƺ, ȝʅƨƈʅ ȣʚȝϫʅƺ, ȝʅȝʅϫƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʆƈʅƈϫƾʅԇȝ ƴϫȣϫƽϫهƴ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʚƴʅƨϫهƴ, ʚϫƴʅԇʅԇȝ ʆƈʅƽʅԇϫʅƽ, ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ₰ʚȣʚʅƴ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƍʅƽʚʠԇ ƴʅ ƺʚƨϫʚƴ ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ƽʅȝʅ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ȣϫƺϫԇƈ ʆƈϫϰϫƽϫƨȝ ϰϫƨϫʅƽ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʆƈʅƈϫƾʅԇȝ, ȣʅƨƈʅ ԇϫԇϫȝʅʚƴ ȝϫƾʚϫƴ ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ, ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʚƴʅƽϫهƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ƌʚȝʚϫƽ, ȝʅƽʚƍʚϫƴ ƽʅȝʅ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ȝʅƺʚƺϫʅԇ ϰɯʚϧϫϧʚƴ ϧʅƨʚƴϫƴ ₰ϫƨʅϰʚʠԇ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ԇʚƍʅƺʚϫƽ ϫƾ ϫƴʚ₰ʚϫƺ ϰɯʚȝʅƨʚʠƺ.
ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ƴʅ ƨʚƨϫهƴ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʚƴʚԇʚϫԇ ƺϫƽϫȣϫʅƴ ȝʅƨƈʅ ƽʅƾʚԇʚʠԇ ƺϫȣʅ ƽϫȣʚƾʚʅƴ ƨϫƴʅȣϫʚƴ ԇʚԇʚȝʚϫƴ ԇʅȝʅϰʚʅƴ ʅƨƈ ƾʚƽϫȣʅƴ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ԇϫԇϫȝʅʚƴ ƾϫƴʚƽʚʠԇ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƴʅ ƺϫʅƴ ƽϫȣʚƾʚʅƴ ϰʅƽʅƴϫƴ ȣʚƺʅ ƽϫϧʅƽʅƨȝ ϧϫʆƈʚϧϫهƴ. ʆƈϫƴϫϰϫƨȝ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƾʚƽϫȣʅƴ ƾʚԇʅƽʚƨȝ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƺʚϧʅƺʚϫԇ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ϰʚԇʚȣʅƨȝ ƽʚԇƈʅ ϧϫʆƈʚϧϫهƴ ȝʅȝϫƴʅʚƴ ƨϫԇʅϧϫʅƴ ʚƴʅԇʚʠƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ƾʚƽʚϫƽ. ƽʚȣʅƨϫهԇ, ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƴʚԇϫهԇ ϫƴʅȝϫهԇ ƴϫȣϫƽϫهƴ ʆƈʚȝʅƽʚϫƴ ȣʚȝϫʅƺ, ȝʚϰɯʚƺʚʠԇ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ϫƴʅȝϫهԇ ₰ϫƽϫԇϫʚƴ ʅƨƈ ʠϫƴϫƽʚʠƴ ϫƴʚ ȣʚϫƴ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƽʚƨϫϰϫƴ, ɯϫ ƨʚʠƺ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƨϫʆƈʅƨةƨȝ; ϫƴʅȝϫهԇ ϰɯϫʆƈʅƾϫƨȝ ƺʅƾʅȝϫʚƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚƍϫƾʚʠƴ, ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƨϫƽʅԇȝ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϧϫʅƺ; ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ϫƴʅȝϫهԇ ₰ϫƽϫԇϫʚƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʅƈʚԇʚƴ ʠϫƴʚȝϫʅƽ ƌʅƾʅƴʚϫԇ, ƨʅƈʚԇʚƴ ʅƨƈ ƺϫʆƈϫƾʅƨȝ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƨʅƈʚԇʚƴ ʅƨƈ ƾʚȣʅƺʚʠƴ. ƺϫȣʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƴϫƴʅƾʚϫƽ ʅƨƈ ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ƽϫϧʅƽʅƨȝ ₰ϫȝʅϧʚϫƴ ʅƨƈ ϧʅƈϫȝةƨȝ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȣϫ ȝʅϫƴ ϧϫԇʚȣʅʚƴ ȣϫ ȣʅ ʚƴʚƽʅԇȝ ϰʅȣʚƾʅƨȝ ʆƈʅȝʅԇϫʅƺ: ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʠʚƽϰ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʠʅƽ.
ƍʚȣʚƾʅϫƴ ȣʅƨƈʅ ϫƴʅȝʚϫƺ ƌʅȣϫʚƴ ԇϫƽʅԇϫهƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚƨʅԇϫʅƺ ȣʅƨƈʅ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ȣʅƈʚȝϫʅƴ ʅƨƈ ʚƴʅƺϫʅԇ ʆƈʚƴʚƺʚʠƴ ʅƨƈ ₰ʚȝʅϧʚϫƽ, ₰ʅ ϧϫʆƈϫƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ȝϫƾʚϫƴ ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ȣʅƨƈʅ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ȣʅƈʚȝϫʅƴ ʅƨƈ ϰϫƽʅԇʚƨȝ ʅƨƈ ƾʚƽϫȣʅƴ ʅƨƈ ƺϫƽʅϧʚʠƺ ʚƴʚƽʅԇȝ ƺʅԇʅϧϫʚƴ ϧʅȣʚƴϫʅƺ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʠʚƽϰ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ϰʚԇʚȣʅƨȝ ƽʚԇƈʅ ƍϫȝʚƾʅƴ, ₰ϫƽʚȝʚʠԇ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ϧʅƾʚϫƽ; ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʠʅƽ, ƽʚԇƈʅ ƺʅƨʅȝʚƨȝ, ɯʅƽϫϰʚʠƴ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ȝϫƽʚϫƽ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʠʚƽϰ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ʠʅƽ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ԇʚȝʅȝϫʅԇ ϰʚԇʚȣʅƨȝ ƽʚԇƈʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ԇʅƺϫʅƺ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ɯϫ ƨʚʠƺ ƨϫȣʅȝϫʅƺ. ȣϫ ԇƈʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȝʚԇϫƨ ƨϫƽʅϰʅƴ ƽʚƽʅ, ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ȣϫ ȝʅϫƴ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ɯʅԇϫȝϫƨȝ ȣϫ ȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ƽʚԇƈʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚȝʚԇʚϫƴ ԇʚϰɯʚԇϫƨȝ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƺϫȣϫƾϫهԇ ƴʅ ƈϫƽʚϫƺ ϫƴϫƾʅԇȝ ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ɯʚ ȝϫƍʚƴ ȣϫ ƽϫȣʚϫԇ ƺʅ₰ʚϫƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚƨʚʅƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ʆƈϫƴϫϰϫƨȝ ƾʅȝʅƺϫƴ.
ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ƺʚƴʅƨʚʠԇ, ƽϫϧʅƽʅƨȝ ϰϫ₰ʚϫƽ ʅƨƈ ϰʚԇʚʠԇ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ɯʚ ƽʚʠƺ ȣϫ ȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ȣϫ ƽϫȣʚϫԇ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚƨʚƾʚʠƴ ȣʅƨƈʅ ȣʚԇʅԇʚʠƺ ȣʅƨƈʅ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƴʚȣʚϧʚʠƴ ƍʚԇʚƽϫهԇ ƺϫƨʚϫƴ ʅƨƈ ƽϫȣʚƾʚʅƴ ƨϫƴʅȣϫʚƴ. ԇϫԇϫȝʅʚƴ ȝϫƾϫƽϫʚƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƴʚƽϫƴ ȣʚƺʅ ϫƴʅ₰ʚʠƺ ϰϫȣʚƍʚϫƽ ϧʚƾʅƈϫʅƽ ݥʚƴʚʆϫȝ; ƺϫƽʅϧʚʠƺ ϰϫʆƈʚȣʅƨȝ ʅƨƈ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ϧʚƾʅƽʚʠƺ ƍϫƍʚϰɯʅƨȝ ϫƽ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȣʅƽʚƍʚϫƴ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ʚϫƴϫ ȣʚʠƴ ƨʅƺʚȝʅƨȝ ₰ϫȝʅƨϫʅԇ ϰɯϫƽʅƾʚʠƺ ȣϫ ƽϫȣʚϫԇ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʚϫƴϫ ȣʚʠƴ ƺʚϰɯʚϰɯʚϫƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȝʚԇʚϫƺ. ʚƴʚƺʚϫԇ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƍʚƍʠƴهƽʅʚƽȝ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚȣʅƴʚϫƺ ԇϫԇϫȝʅʚƴ ƴʅ ƨʚƨϫهƴ ƺʚϧʅƺʚϫԇ ԇϫƍʅϧʚϫԇ, ƺʅ ƺϫƽʅϧʚʠƺ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ϧϫԇʚȣʅʚƴ ȣϫ ȣʅ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ϫƴʚ₰ʚϫƺ ₰ϫȝʅϧʚϫƴ ȣϫ ԇƈʅ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ȝʅȝϫƴʅʚƴ ƺϫƴϫȝϫʅԇ ϰϫƍʚ ȣʚϫƴ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ԇϫƍʅϧʚϫԇ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ȝʅȝϫƨƈ ʆƈϫƽʅƺʅƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƴʚƽϫƴ ƺʅ ȝʅȝϫƴʅʚƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƨʅƾʚϰɯʚϫƺ. ƽʚȣʅƨϫهԇ ԇϫԇϫȝʅʚƴ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ȣϫ ƺϫԇƈ ʚƴʚƺʚϫԇ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌϫȣʅԇȝ ʅƨƈ ƺϫƴϫȝϫʅԇ ƈهƾهȝʆهݥʠ. ϰϫƽʅȝϫʅԇ ƺʅƨϫʅԇ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƨʅƾʚϰɯʚϫƺ ƾʅԇʚϰɯϫهƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ʚϫƴʚƽϫʅԇ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚϧʅƺʚϫԇ ₰ʅ ₰ʚʠԇ ₰ʅ ϧʅƽϫʅƽ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϧʅϰϫƴʚϫƽ ȣʅƨƈʅ ȝʚԇϫƨƈ ȣʅƨƈʅ ʚϫƴʚƽϫʅԇ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚϧʅƺʚϫԇ ƾϫƍϫƾʚϫƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȝʚԇʚϫƺ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ԇϫƍʅϧʚϫԇ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ƨʚȣϫƍϫʅƽ ʆƈʅƺʅϰϫƨȝ ϰʚƍϫƨʚƴ ʠʅƽ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ʠʚƽϰ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƴʅ ƺʚϫƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƾʅƾʚƾϫهƴ ȝʅȝϫƴʅʚƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺϫԇƈʅ ƺʅƾʅȝϫʚƴ: ƌʅƨϫʅƺ, ƴʅ ϧϫƴʅϫƴ, ƾʅƺʚϰɯϫʅԇ, ʆƈϫԇʚƨʚʠԇ, ɯϫ ƽʚϫƴ, ϰʅԇϫهԇ, ƨϫԇϫƨʚϫƴ, ƺʚƽʚƴ, ƽϫ₰ʅϫƴ, ϧϫʅƺ, ƺϫƽʚʅƴ, ƌʚƍϫƾʚʠƴ.
ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϧʚƾʅƽʚʠƺ ƨϫƽϫȝϫʚƴ ʅƨƈ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ԇʅƾϫϰʚʅƴ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ʅƨƈ ԇʚȣʚƺʅƴ ϫƽ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʚƴʚƨʚʠƺ ƴϫƴʅƾʚϫƽ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ȣϫ ȣʅ ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ʆƈʚԇϫƾʅϫƴ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ϧϫԇʚȣʅʚƴ ƽϫȣʚƾʚʅƴ ₰ϫƽϫƍʅƨȝ, ɯʅȣʅϫƴ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ȣϫ ȝʅϫƴ ʅƨƈ ƽϫƨϫƽʚϫԇ ƍʅϰϫȝʚϫƴ. ƽʚȣʅƨϫهԇ, ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌϫԇʅȝϫʅƴ, ϫƽ ϰʚƍʚԇʅϫƴ ɯϫ ƨʅԇȝ ƺʚϰɯϫƍʚƨȝ ƾϫƽʅϰʅƨȝ ɯϫ ƴʅϧϫهԇ, ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƌʅƺʚȝʚϫԇ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ȣϫ ƨϫʚƴ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ԇʅȣʅԇȝ ʅƨƈ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ₰ϫȣʚƴʚʠԇ ƌϫԇʅȝϫʅƴ ϰʚƍʚԇʅϫƴ ɯϫ ƨʅԇȝ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȣʅƽʚƍʚϫƴ ϰɯϫȝʚϫԇ ϫƽ ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʚƨʚƾʚʠƴ ɯϫ ƴʅϧϫهԇ.
ʆهƽϧةʆʅةȝ ϰɯʅȣϫƽʚƴ ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ϧʚƺʚƴ ʆƈʚȣϫȣʚƨȝ ƌʚϰɯϫϰʅԇȝ ƺʅϧʅƺʚϫƴ: ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϰʅƴʅԇʚϫƴ ƴʅ ƈϫƽʚϫƺ ƾϫƴʚƽϫʅƺ ȣϫ ȝʅ ȣʅƺʚȝϫهԇ ƍʚƺʚȝةƨȝ ƍʅϰʚƺʅϫƴ ȣϫ ƽϫȣʚϫԇ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚƾʚȝϫƨȝ ϰɯϫȝʚϫԇ. ƌʚϰɯϫϰʅԇȝ ₰ϫȝϫȝʚƴ ₰ϫȝʅȣʚʠƺ ƽʅȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƴϫƴʅƾʚϫƽ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƍʅƈʅƴʚϫƴ ƾʅϧϫƽʚʠԇ ƍʅƈϫϰʅƴ ʚϫƴϫƨʚϫԇ ȝϫʆƈʅƾϫʅƽ.' ƺϫϰʚԇʚʠƺ ȝʚϰɯʚƺʚʠԇ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʠϫƴʅ₰ϫʅƽ ƺʚϰɯʚƽϫʅƺ ȣʅȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ₰ϫȣʚƴʚʠԇ ƌϫԇʅȝϫʅƴ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƽʚƽʅԇʚƨȝ ϰʅƺʚƍةƨȝ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚƾʚȝϫƨȝ ϰɯϫȝʚϫԇ. ʚƴʚ ȣʚϫƴ ʚƨϫƾ, ₰ϫȣʅϰʚϫƺ, ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚϰɯʚƽϫʅƺ ʚƴʅƾʚʠԇ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌϫԇʅȝϫʅƴ ƍʚϰɯʅƴةƨȝ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ȣϫ ƨϫʚƴ ϧϫȝʅƾʚʠƴ ƽʚԇƈʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϰɯϫȝʚϫԇ. ϧϫƴʚƴʚϫƽ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ƍʚȝʚƴʚʠƺ ϰɯϫƽϫƍʚƨȝ ƽʅƈϫƾϫهƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚϰɯϫƍʚƨȝ ƌϫԇʅȝϫʅƴ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ ƾʅϧϫƴʚƴ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƺϫƨʅϧʅʚƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ϰʚ₰ϫʅƴ ʆƈϫϰʚȝʚƴ ƽʚƽʅԇʚƨȝ ƍϫƽϫƽʚϫƽ ȝϫȝϫƨ, ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌʅȣϫʆƈϫʅƽ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚϰɯʚϰɯʚϫƴ ȝʚϧϫƽʅϫƴ ϧϫƨʅϫƴ, ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƾϫϧʅƺϫهƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ɯϫ ƾʅϰʚʠƴ ȝʚϧϫƽʅϫƴ ƍʚƾϫهԇ ʠϫƴϫȝʚϫƴ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ȣϫ ϰϫȝʚϫƴ ȝʚϧϫƽʅϫƴ ƌʅԇʅϫƴ ƍϫƨʅϧʚϫƽ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ԇϫԇϫԇʅƨȝ.
ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ƽʅƈʚƨʚƴ ȣʅȝʅ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƺʚϰɯϫƍʚƨȝ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ₰ϫȣʚƴʚʠԇ ƾʚԇʅƺʅʚƴ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ȝʅƈʚƴϫهԇ ƽʅȝʅ ʚϫƴʅȝϫهƴ ƾʚƴʚϧةƨȝ ʅƨƈ ϰɯʚϰɯϫƽϫهƴ. ȝʅƨƈʅ ȣʚȝϫʅƺ, ƽʅȝʅ ȝʚƾϫԇةƨȝ ɯʅȣϫƽʅƨȝ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƌϫԇʅȝϫʅƴ ȝʚƨƈϫԇ ɯϫ ƨϫʆƈϫʅƽ ƍʚԇϫȣʅƨȝ (ʚƴʚƺʚϫԇ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȣʅƽʚƍʚϫƴ ϰɯϫȝʚϫԇ), ϧʚϧʅϧʚʠԇ ƽʚƽʅԇʚƨȝ ƾʚƾϫʆƈϫʅƴ ɯϫ ƨϫʆƈϫʅƽ ϧʅƨʅԇȝ. ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƾʚƽʅƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ȝهةƨƈ' ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ 'ƾʚƽʅƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƽهƾƨƈ' ԇʅԇϫԇʚϫƴ ȣʚƺʅƾةƨȝ ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ, ɯϫ ȝʚȝʚϫƴ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ƾϫƽʚʠԇ, ƌϫƽʅԇϫƨȝ ₰ϫƾʅϧʚʅƴ 'ϰɯϫƽʅƺʅʚƴ ƴϫȣϫƽϫهƴ ȝهʞϫƾϫʅϰƽ' ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ 'ƨه ƨϫƨʚʠƴ ȣʅƨƈʅ ȝةƍʖϫʆƨ'. ƾϫϧϫƴϫƴ ϧʚƺʚƴ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ԇʚȝʅȝϫʅԇ ȝʅƈʚƴϫهԇ ԇʚԇʚȝʚϫƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ʆƈϫϧʅƴʅƴ ʅƨƈ ƍϫʆƈϫʆƈةƨȝ ϰɯʅƾʅƨʚʠƴ, ȣʚƨƈʅ ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϰɯʅԇϫʚƴ ʅƨƈ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϧʚƾϫʅƺ ɯϫ ƨϫʆƈϫʅƽ ϧʅƨʅԇȝ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ϰɯʅƾʅƨʚʠƴ ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ϧʅϰʅƺϫʅƽ, ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ƍʚԇϫȣʅƨȝ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ȝʚȣʅʚƴ ƽʚƽʅԇʚƨȝ ƾϫƴϫƴʚϫƺ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ȝϫʆƈϫƽʚϫƴ. ƨʚϰɯʅƺʚʠƴ ƽʚԇϫʚƴ ϫƴʅ₰ʚʠƺ ƍʚƺʚȝةƨȝ ʚϫƴʚƽϫʅԇ ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ƴʅ ȝʅƨϫƴ ƌϫԇʚƨʚϫƴ ƽʅȝʅ ʆƈϫƴϫϰϫƨȝ ₰ϫƽϫȝʅϫƴ ɯʚ ȝϫƍʚƴ. ȝʚϰɯʚƺʚʠԇ ɯϫ ƾϫƨʚϫƺ, ȣʅƨƈʅ ƌϫƽʅȝϫʅƺ ƌϫƽʅԇϫƨȝ ԇʚƾϫƨϫƨȝ, ϫƴʅ₰ʚʠƺ ₰ϫȣʚƴʚʠԇ ₰ϫȝʅƨϫʅԇ. ƺϫƽʅϧʚʠƺ ƾʅԇʚϰɯϫهƴ ϧʅƾϫƴʚϫƺ ϫƴʅ₰ʚʠƺ ƺʚϰɯϫƍʚƨȝ ʆƈϫƽʅƺʅƴ ɯʚ ƨϫʆƈʅϫƴ ʅƨƈ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ϧʚƾʅƽʚʠƺ ϰɯʚƺʅƺϫʅԇ ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ ʚϫƴϫ ȣʚʠƴ ƾϫԇʚϰɯϫهƴ ϰϫȣʚƍʚϫƽ. ȝʚϰɯʚƺʚʠԇ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ԇʚȝʅȝϫʅԇ ƾʅϰʚ ȣʚϫƴ ȣϫƺϫʅƽ ʅƨƈ ϫƴʅ₰ʚʠƺ ƽʅȝʚϰɯʚʠƺ, ƺϫƨʅƴʚϫƽ ƴʅ ƈʅƾϫʅƺ ȝʠȝƨϫƺʚƨʅȝϫԇ ȣϫ ȝʅ ƨȝهة ϰϫƴʅԇʚϫԇ (ƽʚȝʅƴʚʠƺ ȣʅȝʅ 350 ϰɯʅϧʅϧϫʅƴ 270).
Bachter, S. ‘Grimoires and the Transmission of Magical Knowledge’, in Owen Davies and Willem de Ble´court (eds), Beyond the Witch Trials: Witchcraft and Magic in Enlightenment Europe (Manchester, 2004).
Barbierato, Federico, ‘Magical Literature and the Venice Inquisition from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries’, in C. Gilly and C. Van Heertum (eds), Magia, Alchimia, Scienza Dal ‘400 al ‘700 (Florence, 2002).
Deonna, W. ‘Superstitions a` Gene`ve aux XVIIe et XVIIIe sie`cles’, Schweizerisches Archiv fu¨r Volkskunde 43 (1946), 367–8.
Faraone, Christopher A., and Dirk Obbink (eds), Magika Hiera: Ancient Greek Magic and Religion (Oxford, 1991).
FL-281213 Marsilio Ficino žu se Liňăč fađąl
FL-081213 Żilask zi atduzi
FL-250310 Jizako ne ni MILLANGIVM ta jnagvo
FL-310710 Sòslíét grukim laedis anjíent diléim: Millangivm
FL-201113 Zid kna wi sbekd ram in megoeviel reid?
FL-191013 Artificiosa Vocabularia
FL-200913 גוידאיל ית טאמאמעיל גויפּיפּעיל דיהעפּוטס
FL-270813 Ne Geamderyr ys Gneim: Ne Slaeyel ys Kagi - The Geometry of Dreams: The Soul's Code
McCalman, Iain, The Last Alchemist: Count Cagliostro, Master of Magic in the Age of Reason (New York, 2003).
Page, Sophie, Magic in Medieval Manuscripts (London, 2004).
Ruggiero, Guido, Binding Passions: Tales of Magic, Marriage and Power at the End of the Renaissance (Oxford, 1993).
Trachtenberg, Joshua, Jewish Magic and Superstition: A Study in Folk Religion (New York, 1939).
Walker, D. P., Spiritual and Demonic Magic from Ficino to Campanella (London, 1958).
