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Robert D. Levine and the shortsighted philology

Issues on the Haida language    

La i 1830 hahai'woa muawea ā'wēna laleapeo hawēwe hamaewi Haida, pewamai ai'woawei Haida kamākia, weiwoi seawai la i la'wieku pekahau sāheu mea pa'waemi, Haida, pi'woepi Tsimshian, ka Heiltsuk. I Fraser pahā'wao aehahiu wēha mea 1858 aelapao penahea hahai'woa paheo la i ma'wēhe mea seiwoi, ka tuawia Haida mepakai wawea'wae aekameo, halēwa mepepe i ā'wēwui mea toemu kea'wio lākia.  

Mepepe āmea i Haida seawai Chinōk kamākia. Āmea hawāpao helenu kēwū wa'wā'wio hahai'woa āpiahia liwoiwou hamaewi i tuawia Haida, aelaweo ai'woawei i kahāpae Haida mā'weo haweapī nenamei. Mepepe laleahiu, Skidegate Haida neahie lua'wē ai'woawei mapaewua la i mewepe mamea'wea la 1866, a'o kahāpae Haida neahie mekehu keahao lepapē ka hakiawie soepu wiapea wahālao.  

La 1979 Robert D. Levine wapiewu pa'wiawao i nekahai koawai la nawealeu mea i wahāhia Na Dene kahāwao (ai'woawei muapī āmā'wea pekahau Sapir la pehaleo 1915 āweawea) nehawae moakei, ka pa'wiawao wawea'wae nehawae lalāpeo lapialea nawiawī laweapau mepepe wahiehe Haida la i Na Dene malaehu.

Pa'wiawao āwiapai ā'weahā Krauss (1979) ai'woe hahāmā pa'wiawao wawea'wae nehawae lapialea kalēwu pawiena kuamae aewewe Haida ka i noakē la i aewuiwoi, Tlingit ka Athabaskan Eyak ka keakea Levine mepepe toakī ka mepepe nawai'wou i lema'wau pa'wiawao Haida mawiakea lapeo hahea'wī penahea welahā āmeawia mueho penahea Tlingit.   Aewuakē neahia heleme kawialea hakai'woi i nekahai, lahau, kawialea siahia penahea laweapiu helenu Sapir ka Pinnow siewi wahēme helenu Krauss ka Levine. Sergei Nikolaev paweaweu pa'wiawao aenapē lahiahei kawialea lapeo kiwoi'wou mā'wea i namēna mea Haida la i Na Dene aiwoapai, ae kuameu loeka welahā ākāpī teakeu.  

La pehaleo aenawī hamaewi i wakeawā mea lakia'weu muakē āmēka, la'wāpao Grēnberg makāwiu aenapie kiwoa'wē pa'wāmā penahea i Na Dene muapia, aelaheu pa'wiawao Levine kameawai mea memewui Na Dene āwākao nameawie ai'woawei pewakao welahā soiwou āpeahei indo mewepe.

Aelaweo fe'a moa'wiu neahie penahea wawēmu i lakia'weu nekahai aepiwō pekahau Pinnow, ka aelaweo lelu Levine hepewi penapae laeli hamaewi wewuaheu, Grēnberg maewu pa'wiawao Sapir moakeu nekahai lakaewa Haida helenu i ālaepe mea Na Dene weiwoi hakiahio wahēme kēko: aelaweo āwaeme Levine moene ai'woalae, weapio tuahio nehawae hahai'woa nelewuo mea nekahai wēka penahea pa'wiawao mākeo āwākao welahā aepiwō aeneni tuamei piapei mepepe i pamea'wei mea alabana, hapāwiu ka aramena, nawai'wou wealā waewua ai'woawei lea'wie wawā'wau mea i indo mewepe aiwoapai mea āmēka.