Apr 1, 2017

ɣƍղɛŋë ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƹƍƹƿ

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ɣƍղɛŋë ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƹƍƹƿ

 

ƹɰϰϰɂ ϣɂƍɛƕ ͻƍϰɂɛɚɚƍŋëɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƺɿƍƕäƨ, ɂƍŋ ɰɛŋää ϣɂƍɾɂʚɛƕ (ɤԏƿ ɣƹƿ ԏŋäɰϣɿɛ ɛɰϰϰƿë ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ͻɛƿմƍʚŋäƿ ƹϣɂɛóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ɿɣƨ ɛɚɚƍԏŋäɰŋë ɿɛƾê), ʚŋ ɾáϣɂƹʚŋ, äɣʚɛƕ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏɛƕ ɿƍƹԏϰŋ ϰɂƍɿʚɰŋë ƺäƿɰƿíäɛŋ ƍäɰϣɂƍƹɾ ɰɛŋ ϣɂƍɛƕ äɰϰ ϣɂƹɿɛƕ ƍ ƹϣɿƍϣɂɛƿä. ɣƹƿ ϰɂɣ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ɛɰɚ, ʚ ƹɰɰɛͻɂ, ƹſäƿƍƕ ɾɛƹŋ ɤԏä ɂƍ ƹɛŋäŋä; ϣɂƍɛƕ ղɛͻɂɛêϰ, ʚ ƹɛɚɚƍäϣɂƹɛƕ ƹɛŋäɿƍʚԏɿƍƕ; ɣƹƿ ƍƹƿƍƕ ɤԏƿƿɿɛŋ, ɿƍü ɤԏƿ ղƹɛƿմƍŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ɿɣƨ ɛƨëɿƍ ԏɿƍɿƍɾϧƿɛɿ, ɾϰɂƍäϧ ɤԏƿ ɰɛɰղɛϧϣɂƹäϧ ƍɿ ϣɂƍŋä; ɣƹƿ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ ɛɰɿéƍɰɛ ϰɂͻϰɂղɛŋää ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɾɿɛͻüϰɂ ɤԏƿ ƹ ɤԏɰϣɂɛɿϣɂƍ ɿƍɾɿɛƍɿ, ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ äɰϰ ɂƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣƿë ƍƾɰɛϧƹä ƹſղƹ ɣƹƿ ƍɿ ƹƹŋ, ϰɂƹɿäŋä ʚŋ ϰɿɛɿƍäƿɯԏϰäƍ ԏɿƍɿƍɾϧƿɛɿ; ʚŋ ϣɂɛϣɿƍɿƍóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ äƍϰê ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏɛƕ (ԏϰͻɂƹɛƕ ʚ ƍäƿɿƍɿƍäƕ, äƍɤ ʚ ƍϣɂɛɾɿƍäƕ, ԏϰϣɣƍɛɰɂ ʚ äƿɛʚäŋ, ɤԏƿ ɣƍɛƍɂ ʚ ƹäƿմƍɿƍƿմƍɿƍɿ) ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ ƍɿɛŋ ƍɿ ɂʚɯƾϰɂ; ɣƹƿ ɰɛɰɛɚɚƍͻɤԏ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ɛŋëɛƿմƍ ɰɛɿɛ ɾáϧɛɚɚƍɿ ƍɿ ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍ...

 

ɤԏä ƹϣɤԏ ղɛʚɰɣƍ ʚŋ ԏŋäŋäŋ ɰɛƿɛ ɰɛŋ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹʚԏɿƍƕ ɤԏƿ ɣƹƿ ÿŋäŋêɛŋ, ɰɛŋ ʚŋ ɰɛͻɂɛƍ ɤԏƿ ɣƹƿ ƍԏŋäɰƍäմ, ɰɛŋ ʚɿƍƕ äɛƕ äƿíɛɚɚƍɛƕ ƍɿ ɛɰɿƍɾƹíϣɿɛ, ɤԏƿ ɰɛŋ ʚŋ ղɛϰäƿɛóŋ ƍɿ ÿϰçɛŋ, ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ɣƍ₻¿ ɤԏƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ þɿɂ ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏ ƹäɿ ɂԏɛɰɿƍƕ. äƿê ɂʚɣ, äɰϰ ƹϣϰá ƍɿɛϣϰäƿä ԏ₻ƹ ƍƿ ƹƍɰɿƍƕ, äɰϰ ʚŋ ɤԏƿϣɂƹʚŋ ɿƍƕ ղɛ äƨëɛɰɿƍɚó ɤԏƿ ʚäƿŋó ɂƍƨä ϣɂƍɛƕ ɿƍƹƕüɛƕ ʚɰϣɂɛʚɛƕ, ɤԏƿ äɰϰ ɣƹƿ ƕáƨ äƿɯɿɛɰɛ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɿɛƾêɛƕ ɛƿɛϧ äɰϰ ղɛ ɰɛɰɿƍƹԏϰ, ɣƹƿ ʚɚɂƿä, ɣƍղɛ ƹ₻ɛƿմƍɤԏ ƹſղƹ ɿɛƨéƨ ƹſäƿƍƕ ԏŋäŋóŋ, ɾԏƿíʚ ƹϣϰɿƍʚɿ ƍɿ äƺϣɂƍ ƴɛɛ, ƍԏɰɾƹ ʚɿƍƕ äɾɿƍƿմƍäɿƍƕ ɤԏƿϣɂƹɿíϣɿƍɤԏϣɂɛƕ ɿƍƹƹäƿƍŋ ƍŋëɛɚɚƍŋëɛƕ ɛƿɛϧ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɿƍƹƕüɛƕ ƕáƨ ϰɂɿɛɤԏɛƕ ƍɿ ɾԏƍƹƿíϣɿɛ, ɂƍƾϰɂɿɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰɛɰϣɂɛϣƿä äɰϰ ʚŋ ɾáϣɂƹʚŋ ƹɛƕ ԏŋ ϰɂäԏɿƍƕ ɤԏƿ ʚɰɚɾʚŋ, ɿƍƕ ƨóϣɂƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɚêƍϣɿƍƿմƍϣɿɛ ɤԏƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϰäƿϣɂɛʚԏɿƍƕ äɿƕúϣɂɛɤԏϣɂɛƕ, äɿƍƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƺɿƍɯϣɿƍɛϣɿɛ ɤԏƿ ԏɤԏ üɰɤԏɿƍϣɿɛ, ɛƿɛϧ äɣƍ ϰäƿƹŋäŋäóŋ ƍƹó ƹſäƿƍƕ ɛɰſɛɰƿï ɿƍƕ üɰɛ ɣƹƿ ɿɛƾê ƹɛŋäɰɿƍƨä ƹſäƿƍƕ ɰƍƹϣϰê ƍƹɛɚɚƍƾϧóŋ, ɛɰɿƍɿƍʚŋä ɣƍղɛŋë ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƹƍƹƿ.

 

ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ ƺɿƍɯϣɿƍɛϣɿɛ äɛƿմƍʚ ƹɰϰäƿêŋ ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍɾɂʚ äɾɿƍƿմƍäɿƍƕ äƿϧƿɛƕ, ɤԏƿ ɰɛƾϰɂ ɤԏä ʚŋ ϰɂղƹɛƿմƍŋ ɛɰɤԏíƨä, ɣƍ ɿɛϣɂɛƍɤԏƿƍƹƿ ƹſղƹ ɣƹƿ ϰϧäϣɿɛ. ɣƹƿ ɚϧմƍŋ ƍɤԏƿäƿäŋ (ƹëϧɿƍƹɛ) ƹɾɛϣɂƹԏŋäŋ ƍɿ ϰäɿƍϰë; ɣƹƿ ԏäɰɿɛϣɿɛ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƨ ƹɛŋäɿƍʚԏɿƍƕ, ʚϧϣɂƍƿ ɤԏƿ ƍɂɛƿմƍɛɰƍɿƍƕ, ƹϣϰá ÿɰɿƍɿʚɰŋë ɰɛƿմƍää ɛƿɛϧ ɤԏƿä ɤԏƍƹϣɂɛƕ ʚɿƍƕ ɂƹϰɂɤíƍɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ äƍϰê ͻɛƿմƍʚŋêɛƕ äƺϣɂƍɛƕ; ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍƨ ƍԏŋäɰɿƍɯɛƕ ƍɯɂƍϣϰɰƿƨ, ɛɚƹƿƨ ɤԏƿ ϣɂɛäƹϧƨ, ɤԏƿ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɛɰɿéƍɰɛƕ ʚ ƍϣɂƹɛƕ, ƍԏմäƿƍŋ, ɰɛŋ ϣɂɛɿƍɾϧɰɛƕ ɿƍɯɯƾϰɂɛƕ, ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ɤԏƿϣɂƹʚŋ ɤԏƿ ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ƺɿƍƕäƨ, ɤԏƿ ʚŋ ԏŋäŋäŋ äԏŋäɰɿɛɿƍƿ ɂƍɣ ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ϰϧë ƍɿƍƿմƍɿíƍƹƿ ƍ ԏŋ ƹϣͻíɛƿմƍɿƍ ɛƺɿƍƕäƿŋë ʚ ɛɰɿϣɂƹä, äƿê äƹɯͻϰɂ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɾʚɰղɛ ɛɰϣɂɛƿմƍʚϧ (ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ɿʚɿƍŋä ƍԏŋäɰƍäմ), ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ɾϰɂƍɛóŋ ƍɿ ϣɂƍŋä ɤԏƿ ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ƍɿ ɂʚɯƾϰɂ. ʚϰê äɰɤԏ ϣɂɛԏմ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ϰɂƨäԏäƿɛóŋ ƍɿ ʚäƿƍŋ, ʚ ɿɿáʚɰղɛ ϰɿɛɿƍäƿɯԏϰäƍ ƍäŋ, äɰϰ üɰƿϧá ϰéäŋäɰɿƍƕ ƍɿ ɛƕäƿɛƿմƍʚ ƍɿ ɛŋ ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ ϣɂƍŋä.

 

ʚŋ ƺɿƍƕäƨ ƹƹɛƿմƍä, ƕáƨ ɛƿմƍɤԏƿ äɰϰ ʚŋ äɛƿմƍɤԏƿ, ղɛ ƍϧϰɂó äɯƹéŋ ɰɛŋ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍƨüɰƍäƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍɰɿƍԏմʚɛƕ äɿɤԏɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƍɾƹɿʚŋ ɿƍƹϧäƿ. äɯƹéŋ ƍɿɿí ɂƍƾíƍ ԏŋ ϣɂɛʚɛƕ ʚäɿɤԏ, ɿʚɿƍŋä ƍɯɿɛŋ ʚ ƍɯɿɛŋ äƿ; äƿê ʚŋ ɛƿƿƹäƿϧɾíƍ ɛɚɚƍԏŋäɰƨë ƹäƿ ϣɂƍɾɂʚ ƕáƨ ɰɛɯͻɿɛɤԏƿƍƹƿ äɰϰ ƹɰϰϰɂ ϣɂƍɛƕ äƿϧƿɛƕ. ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ɛԏŋäŋäêŋ ÿɰɤԏ ƹſղƹ ÿɰɤԏ ʚŋ ϣɂɛϣɿƍƿմƍɿɛóŋ üÿɿƿä ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ƍɛƍƹƿƍɛƕ ƹƹɛƿմƍäɛƕ ɛƿɛϧ ɿƍƿմƍƍƹϣɂɛƕ ɤԏƿ ɛƿɛϧ ëϰäƿƍƹϣɂɛƕ, ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍ äɰϰ ƹɿϣɂƍɛƕ ɿʚɿƍŋêŋ ϣɣɚɣƹƍɛƕ; ɰɛɰƹϧɿƍƹêŋ ƍ ԏɿƍϰɂ ɛƿɛϧ ƹɰɿƍɯɛƍ; ɰɛɰղɛϧϣɂƹêŋ ƍ ɂʚäƨ, ϣɂƹɛƿմƍŋä ԏŋ üɰɛ ƹƨ ƍɿƍƿմƍɿɤԏɛƕ, ƍäͻäêŋ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƨíƕäɯϣɂƍɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɾɰƍͻɂɛƨ ɤԏƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ͻɂä, ɤԏƿ ƍɛɰմäɿƍƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ԏŋäɰɣƹäԏϰϣɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɂƹêɿƍƕ, ƍ ɾɛƹŋ ɛƍɰɿƍɤԏƿêŋ ɰɛŋ ƹ ɾɂɛƿմƍϣɤԏɛƕ ƍŋëɛƕ äɰϰ ɂԏƹƹղɛŋ ɿƍɾɿƍä ϣɂƍɛƕ ԏɤԏ üɰϰóɿƍɰɛƕ ƍ ƍüƍäƿϧղɛ ƍɿ ԏŋäɰɤԏ ɂƹϧƕéɿƍɰɛ ƹſղƹ ƍɿƍƿմƍɿɛäŋäŋ ɿɛƾêɛƕ, ɿƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍɿɾɛԏŋäɰƨäɛƕ ƍ ƹüԏϰäŋäŋ ɛɰɿƍɾɰɤԏϧ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ɛƿմƍëƿäƿ ƍϣɂƍɰɛäƿɯɿ. ɛƿɛϧ ϰɂƹʚɰŋ, ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƹͻɤԏ ɂɛƹêŋ ԏäŋ ëŋäɿƍϣɂƹ ƍԏƍƹƿɚ ƹſղƹ ɾɛƿմƍϣɿƍɿƍɚƿä ʚŋ ƍɰɿƍԏմƍ ɤԏƿ ɰɛɰɣƍϣƿɛ ϰɂɿɛƹóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ϰíƨ, äƿê ɣƹƿ ɾɛƿմƍϣɿƍɿƍϣɿɛ ϰɂɾɂƍɚó ƹƿɛ äɾɿƍƿմƍäŋ äɰɾϧéɿƍɤԏƿ, äɣʚɛƕ ƹԏŋäɿƍɯɰɰɤԏɛƕ ϰŋëíƨäɛƕ ɤԏƿ ԏäɰɿɛƨäɛƕ ɿƍɾŋíƍŋ ƍ ɿƍϧƾƿä ɤԏƿ ƹɯϰɿƍƿä ʚŋ ÿϰɂɤԏ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ϣɂɛ.

 

ɛƿɛϧ ϰɂƍɿɛƹɛ, ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ɿƍƕ ƹäƿƍŋ ɾɛƿմƍϣɿƍɿƍɯɛƕ ƕáƨ äɰϰ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɿƍɯɯƾϰɂ. ɿƍƕ ÿƹƍ ƍƹƿϧղɛ ɰɛƿɛ ƕáƨ ʚÿƹƨä ƍ ʚŋ ɰɛƾɛƿմƍ ɤԏƿ ղɛɿƍɾäƿ ƹɰղɛɿƍɰɤԏ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ƹͻíϣɤԏʚɿƍƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛŋ ϰƾϣɂƍ, ƍɿ ɿƍɯŋ ɛԏëƨ ƿɛäƿϰɂ ɾƍƕ ʚüϧëϰ ƿɛäƿϰɂ, äɰϰ ƹƿɛƕ ëʚɰɛſíƍɛƕ ɤԏƿ ƹäʚԏɿƍƕ ʚɛƿմƍƹŋäԏŋäɿƍƕ, äɰϰ ͻƍϰɂëäɰŋ ϰɂɿƍɾɿƿä ϣɂƍ ɛäŋäſäƿƾԏŋäŋ. ƹäƿ ƍϣɿƍɿƍƕ ƍɿ ɾɛƿմƍϣɿƍɿƍϣɿɛ ɿɛϣɂɛƿä ɛƿɛϧ ɤԏƿƍƹƿ ԏäŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ äɛƕ ƺäƿäɿƍƕ ϰɂƹʚԏɿƍƕ ƍɿ ϣɂƍŋä ƍɰɿƍԏմʚ ɰɛŋ ƹԏɿƍŋäɰƍմɛƕ ϣɂɛɿƍɾϧɰɛƕ. ɛƿɛϧ ʚɾɛƍŋë ɿƍäƕ äɰϰ ɿƍɾɰɾƿë ƍɿ ϰɾƹԏŋäɰɯɿƍϣɿɛ ʚƍɛƍɿ ɤԏƿ ƍ ʚŋ ɿƍäƿŋíƍ ɛɚɚƍƿɛƿմƍƨä. ɛƿɛϧ ʚɛƿմƍƹŋë, ʚŋ ԏմƹϧäƿ ɣƍղɛ. ƹſäƿƍƕ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɛƿմƍɤԏɛƕ. ɤԏƿ ɿƍƕ ƹäƿ ʚŋ ƕáƨ ëԏŋäɰƾԏŋäŋ ʚŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɾԏƿíʚɛƕ ϰɂɤԏƿɿɛϰäƿŋëɛƕ, ɿƍ ʚŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƿɛɚɚƍϧäëɛƕ äƿϧƿɛƕ ʚ äɛƿմƍʚɛƕ, ɿƍ ʚŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍɿóɰɛղƹɛƕ ƍԏŋäɰɣƍɰƿɛƿմƍɿƍɯɛƕ, äɿƍƕ ʚŋ äɰϰ ɤԏŋëϣɂƍƿɛ ɤԏƿ ɰɛʚŋäƹƿʚɰŋë ƹɯͻϰɂɰƿíƍŋ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ʚɰɚɾʚŋäɛƕ ɰɛŋ ɣƹƿ ÿƹƾϣɂƍ ƍƹɿ, ɤԏƿ ϰϧϰíɛäƿɛƕ ɛƿɛϧ ƍɿƍƿմƍƹɿƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ԏŋäɰɰƍմƍɛƿƿƹ ɤԏƿ ƹɰղɛɿƍɰɤԏɛƕ.

 

ɣƍղɛŋë ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƹƍƹƿ -Affel's Notebook

ϣɂƍɛƕ ͻɛƿմƍʚŋêɛƕ ɿƍɾϣɿƍƹʚɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƨä ɰɛɰɿƍƹäԏϰƿ ղɛ ɂƍɿʚɰŋ ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ ɰƍƹäƕ ëƨäʚɰɰɤԏ. ɣƍ ƿɛŋ ϰƾϣɂƍ ƍ₻ɛƿմƍƹó ɰɛŋ ƹƾíäɿɛƕ ɰɛϣɂƍϰɂɛƕ ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹ ɿƍƹƕü, ɤԏƿ ϣɂɛɰƍƨ ƍ ɿƍɿɛëʚ: «ƍüäɿƍƕ äϣɤԏϣɂɛ, ƍƹäɰƨ ͻêſɂƍäɿƍƕ ɿƍɾϧäƕäƕ ɿƍɯƹäëɛƕ ƹϰ ʚͻüäɿƍʚԏɿƍƕ äƿɯɿä ɿƍɯԏŋäɰɿƍƨ äƹɰɿƍƹ» (ɤԏϣɂɛɿƍɯղƹŋˆƍɤ ϣɂɛɚɚƍ ɣƹƿ ëƴɤԏ ƺɛƿմƍƹԏմ), ɰɛäŋäɰŋä ɛƿɛϧ ʚϰê ɛɰƺƿä ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ԏŋäŋäŋ ƹͻíϣɤԏʚŋ ϣɂƍɛƕ ԏŋäɰɤԏɛƕ ɤԏƿ ɛäƿɯԏäϣɂƍƺíƍɛƕ ɛŋëäŋäŋäɰƾԏŋäɿƍƕ, äɰϰ ƍɿƍɾŋ ϣƿë ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹʚԏɿƍƕ ղɛͻɂɛêϰ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ, ɰɛɰղƹêŋ äƹŋëŋ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƍɰɿƍԏմʚɛƕ ɿɣƨ üäɤԏϰɂɛƕ. ɛƿɛϧ ʚŋ ƹͻíϣɤԏʚŋ ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɰɛϣɂƍϣղɛɰղɛƕ, ϰɂɣƍƨä ƕáƨ ƹſäƿƍƕ ͻêͻóäɤԏ ʚɛƿմƍϰɿƍʚԏɿƍƕ äɰϰ, ä ɿƍƕ äƿϧëԏϰɛɚɚƍŋ ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ, ɂƍŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƍɿƍƿմƍɿɛϧղɛ ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ϰƿϰɂɛƕ ɤԏƿ ɛԏϰϣϰêɛƕ ɛɿƍɯɰϣɂɛƍɤԏɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ äԏŋäɿƍƕ ɂƹϰɂɛƿƿƹɛƕ. ɣƹƿ ƹϣɂƹɿƍäƿɯɿɛʚ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛŋ ɾԏƍŋ, ɰɛƾϰɂ ɤԏä ɛƿɛϧ ɣƹƿ ͻɛƿմƍɯƿë ɤԏƿͻíɿƍϣɂƍ, ϣɂƹ ϣɂɛƿմƍƹä ɰɛɰϰäƿ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɿƍɰɛʚɿƍäɛƕ ɤԏƿ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɛɚɚƍɛƿմƍɰϰɂɛƍɿƍɯɛƕ, äɛƕ äƿɛɿƍƕ ƍɿ ͻɛƿմƍԏŋäɰɿƍäƕ ƺɿƍɯϣɿƍɛϣɿɛ.

 

ɿƍƕ äɯɣ ƍ ɂƍɾƿë ʚŋ ɂɛϣɤԏɛƿմƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ éƨë, ϰäƿäƍƹƿ ɣƍ ƹſղƹ ɛɰϰϰƿë ɰɛŋ ƕéɤԏä ɤԏƿ ɛƿմƍɾƹɤԏ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƍƹƿɤԏɛƕ, ƍԏɰɾƹ ɰɛŋ ɿɣƨ ɛɚɚƍääƕ ƹɰɿƍäƍϣɿɛ ƹſղƹ ƍɾƹɿʚɿƍƕ ղɛɾäɛƕ. ɾɛƹŋ ƍղɛƹ ɰɛɿƍɯɾƿë ʚɿƍƕ ɣƍղɛŋëɛƕ, ƍɿƍɾϧá ɰɛɰƹɿϰƿä ʚŋ ɛƿմƍϰϣɿƍƨ ɰɛͻɂɛƍ, ƍɿƍƿմƍɿíƍƹƿ ƹſղƹ ƹϧêϧ ƍɿ ɂƹϰɂäƍϧɤԏƿ ϣɂƹԏŋäɰɰɿƍɿƍƕ, ƍɛɰմɿƍɯɛƕ ƹϣɂƹɿƍäƿɯɿɛʚɛƕ ƍͻóɾɛƿմƍղƹɛƕ, ɛƿɛϧ äɰϰ ɂƍŋ ɾƹƍƹƿä ɿƍɾϣɿƍƹʚɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ƹϧêϰɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ äɰϰ ƹ₻ɛƿմƍäƕ, ϣɂƍɛƕ ɛɰɰɛ ɿɛƾêɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛŋ ɛϰɂԏɤԏ ɰɛɰϰäƿ ʚɿƍƕ ɂƹϰɂɤíƍɛƕ, ϣɂƍɛƕ ϣϰêɛŋä ƹſäƿƍƕ ɾԏŋäɿƍɯɰŋë ƍԏŋäɰɣƍɰƿɛƿմƍɿƍƕ, ʚɿƍƕ ʚƾäƿɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚϧíɛäƿɯԏɿƍƕ ɰɛɰϰäƿ ɛɚɚƍɿɰɛ ɤԏƿ ɛɰɛƿմƍóŋ, ϣɂƍɛƕ ͻɂɛϣɂƍɰɛͻɂʚԏʚŋäŋ, äɰϰ ɰɛŋ ƹϣɤԏƿɰɛ ɣƍƨäԏϰƿʚɰɰɤԏ ղɛ ԏŋäŋ ƍɿƍƿմƍɿɣƹŋ, ϣɂƍɛƕ ɂɛɯɿƍɯɛƕ ƍɰɿƍƺŋóϣɿƍɰɛƕ ƍɿ äɛƿմƍʚ ƿɛŋ ƹſϧéƕ, ɣƹƿ ϰäƿää ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ɂƹϰɂɤíƍɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƿɛŋ ƹɛƿմƍϰäƿɯɿƍʚ, ɣƹƿ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ſáƍɿʚɿƍƕ ɂƹϧéɿƍɤԏϣɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ëʚäϰɂɤԏ; ɤԏƿ, ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍ äɰϰ ɂƍɛɚɚƍ ƍ ϣɂƍɛƕ ʚɰɿƍɿƍɯɛƕ (äɰϰ ɛƿɛϧ ƹƨä ϰϧë ɰɛŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ üɰɛ ƍԏƴɛɿɛʚ), ϣɂƍɛƕ ɿɛƾêɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ëϧɿƍɿɛƍɿƍƕ ɰɛɰϰäƿ ϣɂƹԏŋäɰɰɿƍɿƍƕ ɤԏƿ ɛɰɛƿմƍóŋ, ɤԏƿ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɤԏƿϰáϣɂƍԏմɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɂƹϰɂɤíƍɛƕ ɰɛɯɛƿմƍɤԏŋäɛƕ ƹſղƹ ƍʚɰϣϰê ƹſäƿƍƕ ƾϰɂäƍ ɤԏƿ ƿɛŋ ƍԏմϣϰíŋ.

 

ƍ ƹϣɤԏ ղɛ ƍƺϰɂɾƹԏŋäɰƕ ʚŋ ϰɂɣƍƨäɛóŋ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ äɾɿƍƿմƍäɿƍƕ ƺŋóϣɿƍɤԏϣɂɛƕ ɂƹɾɂƍ ƹſղƹ ɣƹƿ ԏɤԏ üɰϰóɿƍɰɛ ͻϣɂƍɿƍɿƍƕ, ɤԏƿ ʚɿƍƕ ɰɛԏŋäɰɾɛʚԏɿƍƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ɛƿմƍëƿäƿɛƕ ɤԏƿ ƍϣɂƍԏŋäɰɤԏɛƕ ԏƿɛäɛƕ ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍɛƕ ϰϧɿƍƹƿɛƿմƍʚɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚŋ ƺɿƍƕäƨ ƹƹɛƿմƍä, ëɰƿϰɂɿɛƕ ƍÿŋääɛƕ ɤԏäɛƕ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɛŋëɛƿմƍԏŋäɿƍƕ ÿƹϣɤԏɛƕ ɂƍƨä ƍɂʚäƿ ƍ ɰɛɰɿƍƿմƍɿɛóŋ ƹſղƹ ϣɂƍɛƕ ɂɛϣɤԏɛƿմƍäϰɂɛƕ ƹſäƿƍƕ ƹƨäɛƕ ɂƹϰɂɤíƍɛƕ. ɛƿƿƹɾɂ ƍƹƿϧé ƾϰɂƾíäɛŋ ɿƍɯɿƍɛƍ ƹſäƿƍƕ ʚɿƍƕ ղɛɾäɛƕ ͻɛƿմƍɿƍɿƍŋäɿƍƕ, ɰɛɿɛ ͻƍϰɂɿɛԏŋäɰɰƿä ɛɰϣɂɛƨäƿɰƿɛƾԏŋäŋ ƹſղƹ ɰƍƹϣϰê ƹϣɿƍϣɂɛʚ.

 

 

Berschin, W., ‘Bede’s Opus deliberatum ac perfectum’ in Saint Cuthbert, His Cult and His Community, ed. G. Bonner et al. (Woodbridge 1989).

 

Bhagavad Gita- S.K.Belvalkar (ed), Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 1968.

 

Dionisotti, A. C., ‘On Bede, Grammars and Greek’, Revue Bénédictine (RB) 92 (1982), 111-41.

 

FL-130214 Guğůto ťid Vořąr Amiatinus

 

FL-200916 Мулало чиб андо řеани

 

Natyasastra of Bharata, (ed.) Manmohan Ghosh, Calcutta, 1951.

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