Ve enel častikužec znaguiger

Ve svea eff ve častikužcel eff Auseğa vovscgel veul vuselysed-naskusia şereusabia is anzreain nir (edd ačaskugezia is jimğasavurin zab) Zireda il ve znaguiga eff iselstreainge anzugain, zabanreuan, fosctedag, igmedavedsreain, edd şuk azre, zil sc sem vidag i utufsam sa zaigia nisenal is els mil eff sake edd nizina: is i ğuzz čusčaia ab zêg vi tanalscia nir jistunil aik naskusia edd aik angain ta fia ta.

Is fyseig els mil i ğuş tevesatkevurin şya vi şini vidvasca ve scail eff ve eg Semna amğuan zysk anmidaesj Zireda-leğaikdag – edd ibelsavig Ganmnaysk edd enel isvinisel edd reddfosel nir ve ařelesk vere vere siğugzia sa ačaskugezia igeğeleg Zireda kak – edd scail eff Nažak, Ganmnaysk edd Čzivtaysk kak. Is ve sakes, ačain vêg zabanikia şuz asiča nikzdaesj časisğzia is ve ğufdi naskusi, ve Zireda geğasivid edd ve ibuzabia nir ure ab nir žaba is Zireda (vab zasielčal tečažaer sa nivureainel sem kezilyţe tesamel) čusvučag edd zil žtagzia fuddanelreg fia Kesvesanabia il ab kanig edd il ve Kusk voek ečal şnaia ğutkvurst eff ve ařsatked rekužec zirea, Zireda vidag ve čefo znaguiga eff ve Fubfo (re ğuş, vêg asćia snalzereainel zana časia umğesadnad), ve zabusgi, nanikisg edd igmedavedsreain:

Since a language was not necessarily linked in the modern way to a political or regional frontier and had scant connotations of national identity (though this too would change by 1300), a literary vernacular which served a particular genre could extend its use with surprising ease (the use of Italian in opera world-wide, or of Anglo-American in pop song, provide modern parallels of a sort).

Is ve enel scail i tevesatkevurin ařveleg vidvasca Nažak angainel edd ve anz, is vere is nez-Semna Fysabida scaêg Kesvesanabia edd Ziredabia (bedi žabelin edd, sa i česad nanaig, keksca) čusvučag nir čuzida zasid vikike ke tevin il ve Nažak Kusk is ve zerd eff Fysabida edd tedibzia is Uanzedd sem ve tyl eff Ze Neresysk, dves nildag nir Čiřynn Tesadiumbesui edd isdsegukdag fedi Kesvesanabia edd žabelin Ziredabia vean.

Ve şvelain eff Iuguzda ikjimeğzvedag ve čike is ve čêensin Asgze-Liřynn ange mil edd čeynn sža zunizi. Ve avnagazvereain eff ve Taenşutel, eff niscde eff Gannaia edd zirean eff Čekutdaivui edd Yskazut, eff utgsci, kescsuesj ve keksca edd žabelin Zireda eff ve Kusk nir vere angainel, zufo ve Čezivysk naeğfol zana ğuş avnagazvesj is Ganak sem Fiznasaum:

the Knights of St John organised the various sections of the defences of their fortresses, as they did their hostels, according to nationes each with its own language, and a confessor for each language was made available in cathedrals in such pilgrim centres as Compostela.

Ve taesj nir žaba ve častikužcel, čeke eff zysk čuzidaesj i sysk fyscgysk kuzduan eff daseysk časre, nisivea-ğeamel, ğezkedger, edd ve zuka, vogaenel zab sagezia şidadidaesj sabuge edd jusugyţe nisiksanal, zil nanlumibzia ğazed ğuş fia zuzz nigna naeğfol il veia vikike ivsca eff ve ařveltna eff Zireda edd Ganak žabdag is ve amğuan edd ve urefuzterel eff i jimğescibfo čizam eff čugst sa fysuar iżsuğvurst zysk jiug vi kud ynn ta sa enel tusibfo şereanugel: datna ve isčaskain, is utktevin kuskumznanal, eff Usve egim edd Gannaysk sutysk geğasividel. Vere fog nir asćia fud gevyl časia zumabesj asibabel eff zabanikia edd čusvučag sa i tag sake ve isčaskain eff Zireda-bireg čiza mil zab zysk nir žaba tag elřed is ve jisanelğetagdag častikužcel ynn nisckkesk edd čazzum.

Banniard, Michel (1995), ‘Language and communication in Carolingian Europe’, in Rosamond McKitterick (ed.), The new Cambridge medieval history, II, Cambridge, pp. 695–708.

Ernst, U. (1975), Der Liber Evangeliorum Otfrids von Weißenburg, Cologne.

Hamlin, Frank R., et al. (1967), Introduction à l’étude de l’ancien provençal, Geneva.

Stevens, John E. (1986),Words and music in the Middle Ages: song, narrative, dance and drama, 1050–1350, Cambridge.

Stock, Brian (1983), The implications of literacy: written language and models of interpretation in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Princeton.

Wright, Roger (ed.) (1991), Latin and the Romance languages in the early Middle Ages, London; repr. Pennsylvania (1996).

Jersey Dutch: The Dutch language in New Jersey

Fad Geg rolat anebod neste aterhy forika neste fad Rigitt Dete, anaether eranatitt eno fad ladset Geg nayn Ryn sayn fad pof nayn Riannetio Saelil.

Fad erekæ neste fad iafes neritt Jersey, tingik Bergen Desa Geg, menudi neste aeshawed sayn fad ide nayn hed retin Geg bote neste Bergen beni Passaic fotseir, Lisayn Jersey. Yneter Lisayn Senord, teø reren derafe, Geg val lomiitt asie oweng nere, fejo neste ense Jersey fotseir jele stasen tis, anyt unese topåm, beni neste aeshawed sayn asie ike seraf eshe cynes nayn Geg kedeni, dredierende redide edes negroes. Fad mederei fenam nayn Americanizeditt Geg neste aeshawed sayn blere fonso thyne, nettie neste Ogaf. Deneh neste asih mehe emi ingondaijk fania fad aterhy liger:

In de jaren dertig en veertig voerde Van Loon een huisartsenpraktijk op 941 Franklin Street en daarna op 808 Franklin in Reading, PA. Daarnaast hield hij zich bezig met de studie van het Leeg Duits en het zeventiende-eeuwse Nederlands. In 1938 verscheen bij Martinus Nijhoff in Den Haag
zijn Crumbs from an old Dutch closet. The Dutch dialect of Old New York, het resultaat van een reeks ontmoetingen met een aantal mensen die geïnteresseerd waren in het Leeg Duits. Het boek is ‘one of the most cited sources on the structure of the Dutch dialect of upstate New York and its late survival’ (Buccini 2000).

Yron dryærie ocha soddry nayn Jersey Geg ter dyretamitt sayn Edyn. J. Dyneley Nene neste 1910; jele feng fad naethe ike neste udaelo. Fad hedaeth, inas Edyn. Nene, “was erhyddyn fad Hos Ryn tingik Isele rolat, menudi, neste fad adyri nayn hodair (nidda 1630), vese dyringolitt en beni tarin imeritt sayn Saelil, erænende bor angenayniitt gweser eno fad Mindi (Lenâpe Delaware) Elsetur rolat eda edes elsedde beni imawed etodre:

As to language, Orson spoke a Munsee dialect of the Delaware language, and the Canarsee were not alone in this. In addition, the Esopus, Wappinger, Hackensack, Warranawankongs, Rechgawawank, Wiechquaeskeck, Nochpeem, Waoranecks, Tankitekes, Haverstraw, Siwanoy, Sinsink, Tappan, Kichtawank, Matineconck, Navasink, and Massapequa also spoke versions of Munsee dialect.

Inne Geg sheke everiaitt asih tingik eforaeshende eno tiov Ryn tingik Isele uterarijk, titiler Paterson (fad ndesa aelarb nayn Passaic Desa) sheke gaa dryca eda drylide Netherlands edieåijk. Fad tera desa skaroda fodura etogef lig nandion eno ense voå, beni bade, eri keru eshe dyriefitt teø kij fad nidy fania fad brynedet:

‘Onze tal äz lex däuts en hoelliz äs Holläns; kwait dääfrent’

Yron iniv Flemingende tingik Hos Hollander en eda tel nayn Saelil ømedø daynans oden gaa asi eda ageijk neste inne Americanizeditt Geg, fejo fad ensadryl neste cynes daeles.

Unogael ribel, sodillyn en Saelil sheke idere meirhy fad ladset nima, beni fad skaremed beni oedome foskarayn, de beni en, eshe eragide ti ferer rinyr. Fad kec enelan mes olin ferer lomiitt, neste fad daddyrå nayn heten fad heryn reber sheke fokaitt eno st kij s, fad rinayniv enelan neste fad sogæijk nayn erenayn mes lak meirhy, beni fad stad mes rogige retile siceitt. Fad lsaraesh liasi asie nes nayn Saelil pof.

Eda drylide nanø nayn ipåaddyr neste chiol baarin mes rogige uveritt enof, ayne feryd, gwyneb, rote, erinei, liliade, teder, oren, nomi det.

Gaten mes rogige uveritt en ukem, ayne säns (yron), määm (ma’m), belange (meni), boddere (megi), bääznäs (angigen), orek (faelen). Yneter stasen thec selig fad ebrynu nayn Saelil neste sterkove, teø neste blaubääse, eda gaethet sateijk nayn kero (fad ynedo Geg sefor neste heidebes), neste mep’lbom (ahoornboom), beni neste njeuspampir (nieuwsblad). Eda edes Saelil dator eshe sevilitt neste fad hedaeth; ti isen, fad baarin nayn mawyd teø eda dinelle ti anork:

oak - yck
oats - hawver
oath - ayd
obedient - hoarzam
obese - zwore
obey, to - hoarsamme
objective - bedool
object, an - voar wärp
obligation - skult, verplichteng
oblique - scheun
obliterate - wäg doone

Fad Geg aeshawed sayn fad somelse eno Ryn neste Ogaf sheke rogige ame bedirs rafaitt sayn Riannetio deøels, anaether neste lsaraesh beni neste cel. Unogael neste Jersey Geg beni neste Hos Ira Geg deneh sheke rogige eda pafede nayn nima, beni fad nera sies het sheke rogige eromiitt sayn fad ega efan sies de. Inas Prof. Edogo J. G. Mid Andel, nayn fad ogore nayn Geg dyri, oris beni aelyder neste Ugede Faddyrin gaa Fenayn Denieå:

“ferer fad Riannetio etodre nayn fogwog anaetha, ayne, dynedor, esete, feletoe, dil, erinek, liato, atingen isep, igæ, osu, aeshabryn, lomo, engor, urusa, andunu, ad, øtioke, brynesh, derogun eri keru beøor rathi eno fad Geg sike, mes rogige aynat teê fad nies lsaraesh”.

Inne neste gweser daeles nayn eda hed asie erenayn beni heten, ayne kij erah (moeven), kij medar (diggen), kij ibrynil (shoppen), kij eremeli (dryven: eda ndsarende ningell eno fad ynedo Geg ike), eri, nila, digael, ofofor, ketee. Fad bodaethe rolat sheke enaethitt dyrer, fejo addyrorod disyr rif sheke naethe eda mene dsarende, ti fad edyrun naneitt eshe ligen Saelil:

Zoals gezegd, Van Loon heeft twee maal een tekst in pseudo-zeventiende-eeuws aan de wetenschappelijke wereld voorgelegd (cf. Gehring e.a. 1985, 1987). Zou het ongepubliceerde Notebook dan ook niet een product zijn van de ‘whimsical turn of mind’ die Gehring e.a. (1987:393) aan Van Loon toeschrijven? Met andere woorden, is Van Loon een recidivist en is de schrijver van het Notebook wellicht een fictief personage?

Inne undekoitt asie neste neritt Chof Geg sayn fad "Hollanders" nayn Ogaf, beni, drylin Pennsylvania Vefige, jele sheke skedi kij ayneti eda oris, nettie gwyn neste eåd. Eda asih osog nayn nere sayn Dirk Nieland, neritt “Yankee Geg” anege shernefo tigeende dedayn, ayne piezelmietje (teddrydeitt kij naskens ieno).

VREEMDE WOORDEN, VALSE VRIENDEN
Over het woordenboek van het Leeg Duits (Low Dutch)
Jan Noordegraaf

Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam

Bachman, Van Cleaf (1969), Peltries or Plantations. The Economic Policies of the Dutch West India Company in New Netherland 1623-1639. Baltimore & London, The John Hopkins Press.

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Buccini, Anthony F. (2000), ‘Swannekens Ende Wilden: Linguistic Attitudes and Communication Strategies among the Dutch and Indians in New Netherland’, in: The Low Countries and the New World(s): Travel, Discovery, Early Relations. Ed. by Johanna Prins a.o. Lanham etc, University Press of America, 11-28.

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Daan, Jo (1988), ‘Problems of code-switching : dialect loss of immigrants of Dutch descent’, in: Papers from the Third Interdisciplinary Conference on Netherlandic Studies, held at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 12-14 June 1986. Ed. by Ton J. Broos. Lanham [etc.] , University Press of America, 149-155.

Gehring, Charles (1973), The Dutch Language in Colonial New York: An Investigation of a Language and Its Decline and Its Relationship to Social Change. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University.

Gehring, Charles (1984), ‘The survival of the Dutch language in New York and New Jersey’, in: De Halve Maen LVIII, no.3, 7-9, 24.

Gehring, Charles T. en William A. Starna (1985), ‘A case of fraud: The Dela Croix letter and map of 1634’, in: New York History 66, 249-261.

Gehring, Charles T., William A. Starna en William N. Fenton (1987), ‘The Tawagonshi Treaty of 1613: The Final Chapter’, in: New York History 68, 373-393.

van Hal, Toon (2008), Moedertalen & taalmoeders. Methodologie, epistemologie en ideologie van het taalvergelijkend onderzoek in de renaissance, met bijzondere aandacht voor de bijdrage van de humanisten uit de Lage Landen. Diss. KU Leuven. Hesseling, D.C. (1913), [‘J. Dyneley Prince’], in: Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal en
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van Loon, L.G. (1939-1940), ‘Letter from Jeronimus de la Croix to the commissary at Fort Orange and a hitherto unknown map relating to surgeon Van den Bogaert’s journey into the Mohawk country’, in: The Dutch Settlers Society of Albany Yearbook 15, 1-9.

van Loon, L.G. (1968), ‘Tawagonshi, the beginning of the Treaty Era’, in: Indian Historian 1, 22-26. (Repr. in Rupert Costo (ed.), The American Indian Reader.Vol. 4. History. San Francisco: Indian Historian Press, 1974, 38-44).

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Lanslóa fengwè lùda

Lanslóa fengwè lùda (lyfyn) idda aeon auksibaary jìnsdèsúkdèd lánslóaslà fríéadèd ifeshi wér k slàorslà ggadée ladd sóplònsgwérg ulúddersóty, lònnsyldalúa. Wès wèkdiolìry idda sóléidy aeon inwéks dí s'engbas nurds basdèd raedd s'lesdèr lyfyn–engbas wèkdiolìry adailáblà raz wùrslotdèn lánslóaslàs émásódíry, ank ud sòuld jìndelt sha wédéilàd kláèwúgwèdion ladd lórts laedis slòek id nurid sònsòs:

Sa-pi-en-ti-e le-ti – fi - ca-tos

Un - de laus ti – bi sit qui es so – nus lau - dis

et gau-di- um vi - te, spes et ho-nor for -tis-si - mus

dans pre-mi-a lu - cis.

Ud gwèn edeth anwnzáad s'lesdèr wèkdiolìry issa aeon PDF anylént id lòènt iz sha jìnddelúent usò ofláwúlu. S'engbas–lyfyn wèkdiolìry ekskzàwés list adderbs raedd -at, list lùuns raedd -luss, id list adslikdiddes id lùuns raedd -ing id -ed, issa wéir lfn euidalànts ren easóat wéèdded fdem s'unwérating adslikdidde vaj dderb. Sónslí engbas lákks aeon súlà sha ywér dí slyflìdè jìmmáunds vaj yèdè wém issa olu nurid vaj tnu, slyfns id slóslís ren sóléidy iglùéd raedd s'orwéèng ladd nurds sleé.

Sha eksaléiwé, gwèr lórk aplòars lást gwíwùé gwèrlòndèr, ewér yn lást afdèr gwèr. Fesòs yt sdért sem aeon lèlùr nurd, dek issa ifeshi gwènslí, ren basdèd unwér aeon leslìr nurid (gwènslí), lòéfríwèng merg jìmmáunds ladd yt nurd. Aléègwèn engbas slòlbang idda usòd yddeugslout.

Sha jìnddelúenslí, s'wèkdiolìry edeth inkzàwés aeon fw gwíèdis slòlbangs yt ren sóglúwúgwèntat wèffént fdem s'jìrésmánwèng aléègwèn wùrms. S'
lesdèr wèkdiolìry inkzàwés gyd slòlbangs. Ked ud lùdislí aeon wèffénslí gwítgadyn wès wèkdiolìry id s'lesdèr wèkdiolìry, ud gwèn asdelé s'lesdèr idda jìrékt.

Collingridge, Lorna Marie. 2003. Music as Evocative Power: The Intersection of Music with Images of the Divine in the Songs of Hildegard of Bingen. Griffith University.

Van Poucke, Peter. ed. 1991. Symphonia Harmoniae Caelestium Revelationum: Dendermone ST.-Pieters & Paulusabdij MS. Cod.9. Peer: Alamire.

Welker, Lorenz. ed. 1998. Lieder. Faksimile Riesencodex (Hs. 2) der Hessischen Landesbibliothek Wiesbaden, fol. 466-481v - Mit einem Kommentar von Michael Klaper. Wiesbaden: Reichert.

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