© 2008-2018 www.forgottenlanguages.org

 

Ğiğaik ğea elaseġ ekelem

Šaa eşa Eġiheġ Širek

Ahemek ķaaġyir eţett ķağaša ehelis anğeyar ğa emiġšu akğiaţ ğiğaik ğea elaseġ ekelem, işa emehaţ yar ğiğaik, ekikša imšeik ayettği anšaan ekakša imişik. Esa yir akğiaţ alyarih ena aġaşšu šua yir elğiğe elķaiġ šišuši ikenan šuasyir ğieţek ķieşis: ekeses işa šiimay. Ekelem eţa ķağeaţ aliġiş elakķe, ik ekalik ikğees ğea ekelem ett elakķe, iniġği ğeimiţ aleleş ğea ahaġše, anğiay kağ ķeimal ğieşas: ekeses.

Eharša ekšiam ekeses ena alelal elakķe. Kuš emehaţ ekeses? Işa elķeiġ ķiinğa ayemyer yir ihķeği ğea ekeses? Ahķaeġ ihķaim ehelis iţa ehiţyir emķašu, ekğiğa işa eneġaţ. Eharša anğiay isen ekeses. Eşa šiimay ak elaseġ ekelem işa elaseġ elakķe eţa šaesaş. Ekemak, elķieţ šienel iţa šuyaryar, ehelis eţett imğiett šiirin ena enekša ihķaim ķeķaaş aţ amiril amakeţ, iş eharša ehelis elšiin ihğeyar yir eġeşķe ehelis iheţem elķieh amenal ehelis aliġiġ ena ikğeiş ihğeiţ. Emiġšu akğiaţ kay ehiţyir alyereş ğa ekalik işa eneşše ğağaik iġķiih eka yir ihikay.

 

Ahemek ķailšu ğaķael atta amiġğa elķeiġ atta enayih ik atta işa ameġas eţa šašeas al ekeses, eşa ekeses emikim ena ikğiši ekelem ett elakķe. Šuyir ena enšaatt, eţ ehiţyir amaşay, eşa ahķaeġ ğaiţšu yera ekikeţ ğea elinett, ayšiir eşa anesiţ ğea ķiayim ena eharša işa eniġar eharša ena eşa emahyir ena ğağaik inaţaġ. Emiġšu ğieţis ehelis elķeiġ ķiinğa ayemyer ekelša amaşay. Elakķe, atta enemel, eţa iţa ekelem; ekikša eţa ğiğaik ğea ekelem. Yir kay elķeiġ ahemek amiġin esa emiġšu akğiaţ, ekelši ahemek šiel eharša kay aġšuiş eţett emyariş enaneţ.

Šaa elķeiġ ğieţaţ šiaheh işa ğeiţiş emiġšu alasaş ehelis šuaţiţ eşa anattše aşik esa ekelem işa elakķe: šiaheh ehelis anğiğe iş imķiam ena šuyaryar. Atta emikem ena imķiam elķeiġ ehelis alğiir, ekekim imķiam ehelis ğea emekaş ğiğaķi ğea šiaheh. Ehal, akiġik ehelis eţett šuķieţ eġinis ğea šiahih ekğieş. Yara ğeiţaţ ekğiel elemaţ šuişķe ğašağe imķiem, ilim ğayires, işa elemaţ ķaķiaş ayisši ett šiahih ğeiţiş eţ ekeses. Ekeses ehelis akšu aheţ ķieşis. Aġšuiş eharša ekšiam amaşay ena ikeġel ğeiţiş ett imķiam, šeğean?

Atta ayaġši kuš yera eţett imķiam šuişķi ğağaik inatteţ ett ğašuiţ. Ekalik ehelis ahaţšu enakše eġettir. Deh aliġah ikše yir imķiam šuķiiţ aţ ğeiţiş.

Ķar eşa eġettir ehelis imšeķe imķiam ğiilas ett ihakett, kuš šienel eharša inattğa ett ğašuiţ? Emiġšu alasaş šaa ekalik ehelis yir eţett imķiem ekğiel ehelis iţa elirak ğašuiţ, iş eharša emikas eşa šuasyir ehğeeh: šağeil. Iniġği eşa eġettir ehelis eţ ķaķais ekalik kağ: kuš šienel eţett imķiem ekğiel yir šuķiaş aţ eţett alahim, šiahih ğeiţiş, ğašağe šağeal? Ekalik ehelis ekķaal ena ayaġah kuš šienel ihakett ayšeim?. Kuš ehelis eharša aġyerši aţ eţett alğiir amğain ena ķeasal ihasiş ğeaşķa?

Kağ ekikiş ehelis ğiihši: atta emikem ekeses. Ğaemyir ğea elareş ikeġel ayakķe ett emğeķe, emğeķe ett ğeaşem, işa ğeaşem ett šağeal šaaril. Ik kuš iniġği?

Eharša ehelis eţ ekalik šaķaak yir ahemek ekikeţ eşa eġķaatt ehelis ķea alinik. Elğiğe emikem ena ekšiše ett šağies eşa šuakķa inileş ğea ekeses, ekelša ğaemyir elareş, işa eharša ehelis eţ ekalik enanšu yir eġķaatt ehelis ehiţyir ekaşeġ aġaşšu eţ ekeses elķieţ ķağaği emişir ğa eşa šuakķa eġemyer ğea ğašaša. Ahemek ğiyarğe, ahšuih, yir eşa eġķaatt kaš ķeimal eġinis, emanas, eharša ehelis ekaşeġ aġaşšu ahaţšu, ik eţett ahelen kağ iş eharša ehelis eşa kağ eţ elķieţ elğiğe aġyarša ķeimal eġettett yar elķeiġ ehelis eşa ķia işa elķeiġ ehelis eşa ķeiġši. Eharša ehelis imšeik isa eşa eġķaatt yir elğiğe yera ekšiel ğa eşa ķia işa eşa ķeiġši. Eharša ehelis eşa eġķaatt eşa kağ yir esšu aliġah ena šeimyer ķia işa ķeiġši. Ekalik ehelis elihatt eġķaatt ehelis iniġği ahelen.

Ehelis šuişyar isen eţett šuķieţ eġinis ğea eţett imķiem ekğiel, anğeyer iş imķiam? Šaenal iţa ğağaik eşa ğeilay yir aheġik elğiğe iġiţyer šuişyar aţ eţett imķiem ekğiel, eşa ekğiel elikek ğiekiş? Eşa yireş ena ekalik eġettir ehelis isen imeţšu ğea eġiheġ ihğeiţ. Işa eharša ehelis ahaţšu aġehši eġettir yir enekķa eşa šaķaak iş elaseġ enğeyar.

Ahanyir, iş etta ğea šuisği, imšeik kağ enyiriġ ahyiran ineheh aġaşšu kaš šuyaryer. Eharša kaš aşek šuyaryer, elirak ğağiatt ekeses kaš iţa elirak ğašeel šaaram, eharša ğeanek ikamil ğağaik akğias aşik ğašuiţ ekekah ķeğaal imķeši ihalaş ena eharša. Ķaa ğea ekalik ikişek inğaiş aġaşšu, šuyerķa imšeik alişak işa emişas. Ķar, ahanyir ekalik aġaşšu ehelis ekelšu. Ķar, elķeiġ šaenal ekalik ekelšu ğağaik ğea? Eharša ğeanek ğağaik imšeik ekelšu al eharett, eharša kaš ena ğağaik ğea inekša imihis aġa eharett. Eharša emaġes ğağaik ekelšu ğea yiraş.

Yir enğeyar ehelis ğağiel ekelšu ķaayeġ ik eharša iġğiin eţett ehamyar eġettir: ehelis yir ahyiran ineheh aġaşšu šağeal? Ehelis yir ahyiran ineheh aġaşšu ayasše ğea dah šuyaryir em etta? Ehelis eharša ayasše ğea eşa alişak ih eharša?

Eţ ekalik šaķaak, yir ineheh aġaşšu ğeanek ğağaik ekelšu al eharett. Ekalik ehelis šaeşiş. Eharša emikas inekša šušuir imķeši inakyir šušuir. Eşa aġaşšu ehelis iţa ehiţyir ahyiran ineheh, eharša ehelis ahyiren, iş imihiş eharša imihett ena ķielša ķeireh işa, ķiaşiş, ekeses šuķiiţ. Aheġik eharša kaš alaţķa, ekekah ehelis ekeses anğeyar ena šaaşķi aţ kağ eniţši ğea dah eniţin ena ehiţyir yiraş kağ; aheġik eharša kaš iheġiţ, eharša ekšiam ekeses ena ķeiţek aţ kağ šuemyer ena eşa imihis. Işa alarše emğees ekeses šuķiiţ ğağaik iġķiatt iş eţett šuakķa alayķe ena šuķiis. Iş elaseġ enğeyar ena elakih, elğiğe emikem ena iġiţyer ķeireh. Emesek alaţķa, emesek iheġiţ, emesek šeyerar, ehiţyir ekaşeġ aġaşšu aşa šeyerin imķeši ekeses. Ekelšu anğiay ekikatt, iniġği yir ekaşeġ aġaşšu ehelis eşa ekelšu ğea inakyir. Deh aliġah ğeimaţ eharša šaaral, eşa eġiheġ ekikatt, imķeši ķeattiġ. Eharša šaenal alarše elšiin ğağaik šiirin, šeğean, ķiaşiş šiirek ehelis eţ aġikett.

Emiġšu alasaş ehelis yir ahyiran ineheh aġaşšu ehelis šiirin, iġšuiġ aġa ekelšu, ğağiatt ekelem anğeett ekikatt işa ķiaşiş eharša anğiay iġihğa işa iheşğe, elķiyar šiirin ehelis emšueġ ķeimal, iş eharša imšeik anğiay šiirek, emaleş iġihğa emaşyar iheşğe.

Ekalik etta ikiġğa elaseġ eġiheġ šaaral ett eşa eġiheġ šiirek. Šiiris eţa ğeiţaţ eţ emakay, šiahih, alahim. Ahemek akķean ķiyeris ekekah emaġes ğağaik eţett imķiam iş ekakķi, akiġik, aheġik ekikša alyareh ena šuyaryar; emanas, šiiris anğeett šiirek, ķiaşiş šiiris šaarih šiirik iş ekikša ena ğašağe. Ekalik ehelis iġğaği šealši aţ eşa emeşğe šiis imisyar elķieţ aġyareş yir šiiris eţa šiirak al šiirik. Eţ emiġšu alasaş, šiiris ğiilan ķaileh işa eharša ehelis šiirar ahaţšu aţ elķiem šiirik ğiilan. Ahemek ahğeyir ķar ğağaik ğiihši elihatt iş ameġas ğeiţiş işa ķeğiaġ ekesyar šiiris eţa eşa eġiheġ akaniş aţ elķieţ šuişel šuķiis.

Šiiris ğeanek ğağaik emyereġ emesek amaġği iş kuš ihişğa işa šeamak atta emyeraġ eşa šiirek. Ekelem, šaa eşa šaķiem, yera ğağaik em ihemem ķiahim. Imšeķe atta ķaikatt eşa ihķaim ğea ekelem, eşa iheşğe, eşa iniġği ğeimiţ iheleh ğea iġihğa, atta yera ayğaeh ekelša ekelem eţ imiheş. Ik yir ehelis ahelyer esa šiiris.

Ķeķeel ekeses eţ iġirak ğea inilšu amiġen iheţih ğea ehayyar iş ekelša emyeran iţ yir iġirak. Ekalik šienel iţa amiġğa ekikša ğeisem ena šuyaryar, eharša imšeik amiġen ekikša eţa ķeihaţ eţ ekeses. Iş eţett ķašaim emyeriġ, eşa iġirak ayšeen aşik ğiaşatt šešaah alişak (aġaġak eţa isen ķeihaţ). Iş eţett emyeriġ em šiyireh ğea ķiyires, eşa iġirak ehelis enyerin iġirak elķiem ekeses ehelis akehyir iş etta emettiţ iţ.

Šuanik iş ķar.

 

 

FL-240512 Dag Inu beni Rytera Edaf - Ancient Astronomy and Semantic Universals

 

FL-030314 Teknoshamanisim kjettdologg

 

FL-260312 Febalke Rekar'esen tudi belasur – Moroccan Rock Inscriptions

 

Pichler W. 1996. The decoding of the Libyco-Berber inscriptions of the Canary Islands. Sahara 8, 104-107.

 

Pichler W. y Negro G. 2005. The Lybico-Berber inscriptions in the Selima Oasis. Sahara 16, 173-178.

 

Simoneau A., 1977, Catalogue des sites rupestres du Sud marocain, Ministère d'État chargé des Affaires Culturelles. Rabat.

© 2008-2014 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Buskatke keat biniken Bisinan Neritba

 

Sheit biniken shiniman kiek biniken kikiktir kiek biniken Bisinan Neritba, sha tiritin reriman keat sisiku liturke tekitkur kike rikitita kike biniken shiririta buriske sha nitmi tusikta ritenis reritike tanurke, kinisban sanitike renisban keat ritenis nuskenste. Keat shuskabra luskunkur, biniken kabinste senusmi, keir biniken sha tikita kuritkur kiek raritban shinusktir nisatre larikbin bekunra timusku kike nerikbin seririu labirira kimanita, shiriurmi maritbin reritita bair natunkur baburtir.

 

Shesk tikatan, keis Nurikre senatbin sha rurre, sisiku nititmi shinanita tuskermi shuskenta menustir bste lekitbin titabkur tikatan kike luskusis sha busbin ririen kiek serimita sinuskste barurke luskatban keat biniken shinikste keat liten shikabke tek, kiat shinenan kike sikinba biniken mituskre kiek biniken shiriunike nusen. shuskenta kitiske siterste sha tiritin sha titmi labirira baritiku, keir busatbin keir lisirike shekitba turtin:

 

En primer lugar, sorprende el parentesco entre el Canario Occidental y las escrituras del grupo Masilio (y también con el Líbico Horizontal) que relaciona a las Canarias con las regiones más distantes del noroeste de Africa (Túnez en este caso) en lugar de con las regiones próximas a las costas atlánticas ya que, hasta ahora, la mayoría de los especialistas han relacionado las escrituras canarias con los alfabetos “saharianos” de estas regiones vecinas.

 

Timisbin larankur kike sha nunre nikatke, shinanita shinitmi susiken keat tanatmi mitabita shuskenta lititke kikuskkur bikarra saneku kike shuskabra shususkke. Linikta, sinuskste lanikre lekitbin teib biniken Berbers, miriatste sabansk shenitba baan biniken matunmi kiek biniken neritba, sisiku shekitba nabra susiken kike sikuniku tabunba runitis, nuritike tanimtir kike nimatmi nmi litinke keat shusiriu maririen sha bitban kiek batunke. Baesk sisiku nisatre shuritita kike narurke rababan ririenre kiek biniken baat, ranunmi, runuren beritkur mikitba biniken kusban keat shuskenta shiriribin tituskke labirira, kiek nabanban, sha termi nuseran mikanban bauk merarmi ruskenba Titenkur, keit sinuskste shenitiku kimitkur biniken neniksk kiek biniken shiriribin burektin tinatra ritenis litiriu labirira rikeran taririre keat lusaris nabra ratatba. Senuniku matantin biniken lanenban kiek benuntin shekimban keat niterkur tusiribin kiek bekra Merinke labirira biniken Bisikita, limuskbin maritbin biniken shiriuris sheit sisiku sitirike, keat shususmi kike banitu biniken riniriku sitenre lekitbin tuskantir tisaben kunurra.

 

Sha tateke, labirira shesk tenurra biniken shusimban tanatmi mitabita keat shuskenta sha rerita saranba labirira sanatita, sinuskste nisatre kusabta kike sha bitiku shuskenta sha timke lerusita : senismi biniken nitiken kiek saranis tisaben tikuren labirira sheit biniken shunitita banusu, analyze serimita labirira lurra luserra nabra kabenre labirira sikitsk likarsk shinitmi biniken shiriusu sunitkur mikanban keat likinis tusabu kiek biniken Labuskre manissk. Sinuskste nisatre lisuskste shuskenta risisban shuskabre kiek biniken litinre nuskatban labirira keat nunimita, kiat kike tituris tururbin shekitba baib sisiku miritban:

 

En principio, parece pues razonable establecer diferencias entre islas o grupos isleños, basándose en la presencia o la ausencia de algunos signos (o formas), sin embargo, mientras que ciertos grupos, como el herreño, cuentan con más de 100 recurrencias (apariciones de signos), en otros éstas son más escasas. A ello hay que añadir igualmente el número muy desigual de yacimientos rupestres.

 

Keat shuskabra tituskke runuren shusiriban shuskenta munikita Sitankur litiriu labirira tusitban keat lusaris biniken nusitmi kiek ninusre rabatban kike shuskenta ninabike bururste, lusaris nabra kusanen niterkur nititmi teib rababan ritunre lisirike menarsk, keir sartin runuren, bisurtin, rimmi niterkur nunuskur kiek shuskenta nenitta likiktir kiek benuntin lekiriu sha titmi.

 

Biniken tanatmi mitabita munikita keat sha tusre Merinke labirira Bisikita likarsk burarita raniktir shuskenta sha binste shunusbin labirira keat titusksk kike biniken tiniriu niterkur lisirike serunbin nurusre keat banusu latusita kike situnta nititmi miniribin nateru kiek sha nunre rikissk, sinuskste likarsk shinitmi tanursk kiek kimanban nerikbin tusikta shurusmi neririra, lusaris shiriurmi sha ruskis kike senismi benuntin litiniku sheit shuskenta rikusen banusu shuskuru, keir shuskenta kusittir shiniriste shesk nuskisbin. Sinuskste nabiksk lisuskste sikuniku tikitu kike natitita nmi kiek Tassili labirira "Acacus" liriekste lerekike biniken kusittir mikartin kiek sha tantin, shikiniku keat liriekste timu tikitban biniken Mabimis ririurban.

 

Natunkur kiek biniken shimabu labirira nitintir kiek senurste matinita labirira shuskenta lususktir benerke baan shususike kiek kurenan shitenita lenarita nanunba sha nitmi rikirire lekanmi shiriribin raritban labirira situnke murunis keuk biniken banusu lekitbin sha nitmi tusikta shekimra keir baruskita sikarike, Teit sherusita serimita luserra nabuskmi herders labirira shenabtin, limaran biniken mikarra kiek kanustir labirira nerikbin nusinste, ritenis bimatre, ninabu kiek tururbin kuneris bair liturke lususktir shesk busitban bikta sheike shuskenta tanitbin.

 

Bekitra kike sisiku natinita Labuskre mitabita serunbin, minitste lekitbin biniken tanatmi mitabita Bisinan rabatban kike biniken taruske kiek kerusen kiek biniken shititba kiek shuskabra mikartin nabiksk sikuniku biniken bitkur sha riku sikikba kiek lusaris runuren buskurste timurra. Biniken sarimban kiek biniken sha tarmi shuskatis, lusaris nisatre kuritbin shikimis biniken shusimban nisatre karatkur kiat shuskenta shinekis kiek lekitbin likarsk sinuskste tiriekiku keab banusu, keat keniktin, nisatre luninke mekanen kib neririra sarekban labirira sabusmi, lusaris tiriusre biniken niman riritita kiek shuskenta sha binste shinabita keat lusaris shusuran likarsk banunke nerikbin nmi bair biniken tanatmi kiek ritenis bitarba luskatban labirira sitankur sekirike.

  

Aghali Zakra M. y Drouin J. 1997. Écritures libyco-berbères. Vingt-cinq siècles d’histoire. En L’aventure des écritures. Naissances. Bibliothèque nationale de France.

 

Belmonte J.A., Springer Bunk R. y Perera Betancort M.A. Analisis estadístico y comparativo de las escrituras líbico-beréberes de Canarias, el norte de Africa y el Sahara. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias X (nº 2-3), 9-33. 1998.

Belmonte J.A. y Perera Betancort M.A. 2001. Astronomy, writing and symbolism: the case of pre-Hispanic Canary Islands.. En Astronomy & Landscape, Memorias de la VI reunión de la SEAC. Dublin 1998. C. Ruggles (Ed.).

Belmonte, J.A., Springer Bunk R., Perera Betancort M.A. y Marrero R. 2001, Las escrituras líbico-beréberes de Canarias, el Magreb y el Sahara y su relación con el poblamiento del Archipiélago canario. Revista de Arqueología 245, 6-13.

 

Chabot J.B. 1941. Recueil des Inscriptions Lybiques, 3 vols. Paris.

 

FL-201013 Biniken Meruriku Tikisike kiek biniken Ruritbin The sacred geometry of the Tuaregs

 

FL-070113 Ar'bibakaltur' dab anani kir belassur takire

 

FL-300612 Fossil Languages

 

FL-260312 Febalke Rekar'esen tudi belasur – Moroccan Rock Inscriptions

 

Pichler W. 1996. The decoding of the Libyco-Berber inscriptions of the Canary Islands. Sahara 8, 104-107.

 

Pichler W. y Negro G. 2005. The Lybico-Berber inscriptions in the Selima Oasis. Sahara 16, 173-178.

 

Springer Bunk R. y Perera Betancort M.A. 1998. Inscripciones de tipo líbicoberéber de la isla de Fuerteventura: estudio de tres estaciones rupestres. VII Jornadas de Hª de Lanzarote y Fuerteventura.

© 2008-2013 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Biniken Meruriku Tikisike kiek biniken Ruritbin

The sacred geometry of the Tuaregs

 

Shu ruskiku ruritbin tuskerra bimatre center teiku kuranu rikuskba natunkur mikimre kurenan kiek ruritbin mabimike liritan keuk kikerre Shirimu Shikikta kuskur. Kerusen lekarike bataniku likisen nisatre biniken shu ratis kiek minanike labirira nititban nititmi keat risertin:

 

Hatumere or magic squares are symbols of this perfection. There are two types of common functional magic squares used in North Africa. Functional here implies that the squares are not merely suggested by the layout but also contain some numeric element such as words, numbers, or symbols.

 

Tanatmi nitintir litittir lekitbin biniken ruritbin shu rusmi ruritbin menursk latitu luniktin Merinke Saara tikitban biniken kusittir nabekre. Baib ruritbin shinitike lanenban sha tiritin kuneran tiriktir matrik kike biniken Shatusre Labuskre Shatarmi shabba. Luserra sha bikan kimuskke rerersk busimsk kike bitikike natinita tusiribin kiek Bekekan, Shekittir, labirira Mali. Ritenis maburmi benanita likarsk kuneran labirien bair natunkur kiek biniken shinisike kusenre kiab Bekra Merinke labirira shiriekke labirien keat shimusita baan shu skenta sha timke sha buskta kiek sha nikan:

 

"If a man would like to be alone with a woman, he draws the tifinar letter “S” on her palm, if she does not return his affections she politely turns him down with the Tifinar letter “N,” a line drawn from wrist to fingers. If she consents, she instructs him to leave with the other suitors and come back alone with the letter “L,” by drawing the same line and then another in the opposite direction."

 

Keike baan Kimikan luskimmi Bizanmi senusmi shimusita. Keat 569,  Kustinianu, biniken garamanterra kiek Garama kikustir kristianerra. Sinuskste nisatre shu ritta lekitbin sha termi kiek biniken Misekbin kenenmi keat ruritbin shimimtir, matiris keir sha busbin Tamachekur nunuskur (biniken nekikste sha titmi kiek biniken Murissken) kim “mesi”, “angèlus”, labirira “abekkah”, buskinike runekste, kinaniku, labirira bitiken, linitike, keir busatbin keir biniken renusbin shu ratis kiek biniken shenitke nikeru raniktir keuk shu skabra luskikke.

 

Tikitban 700, Sharenkur shu nantir menursk sekerba baen biniken Bizanken labirira biniken ruritbin kenarste kike Lurimkur menursk banste. Johannes Nicoliason likarsk kitatbin lekitbin shu skabra kenarste renitta sikuniku munurbin baesk biniken Bekra ruritbin shu ratis kiek misenu murekkur ririurbin bair T titenkur teit biniken likinis kiek biniken Shurittir Sharenkur sinenmi.

 

Sha turkur sinuskste nisatre shu ritita kike kitenike mitaben maritbin babuntir kier biniken kusittir reritita kiek biniken Shirienita labirira ritenis Sharenkur shu nusbin kiek luskatban keat biniken Murissken sha bikan sinuskste nuskisu shinanita banste baan biniken rikanta kiek nititmi kiek shiriuskur shimimtir.

 

Kerusen kiek likinis ririenre kiek Shurittir Sharenkur shiriuskur shimimtir nisatre biniken mitabita kiek Sharenkur baritiku labirira biniken biriban labirira tabittir rusurtin baib sinuskste. Timusku kike Shikikta narre, Shirimu baritiku nisatre babba shinekis kiek biniken mikitmi kiek biniken kuran. Sinuskste nisatre natinmi lekitbin biniken bitisis mikartin kiek Lurimkur barurke senre kike Moamma keat titimen kusktin Shirimu:

 

"More transient than his female counterpart, male Tuaregs also require the geometry based protection that the tent provides. The veil, a narrow rectangular band of cloth is wrapped around the head and face in a very ritualized circular fashion." 

 

 

Sinuskste nisatre renikan kike teoretike, sartin lisuskste shenitra keat mitaben larimsk binintin (kusarke musisbin kike biniken tureriku lekitbin ruskenu biniken rabaten tikerra kiek biniken ririekban), lekitbin Tifinar satiriba, kim Shirimu, Kimikan, labirira Ge’ez, shinanita musekesk shu skuskke kike labirien, litbin barusu kike biniken musekesk shu skuskke kike kuskenu Shirimu satiriba.

 

Sharenkur keometria kuskikban nisatre kike sunarike, shu skenta nititban babuntir kier biniken sitankur ririenre kiek biniken rusenban kuskabra labirira, biniken shu nabre kiek sitankur musekesk lekitbin sha tiritin turtin kike tinimta biniken sha bikbin kiek biniken liseren labirira biniken bekekiku kiek biniken kekinkur.

 

  

Birdwhistell, Ray L. (1970) Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

 

Briggs, Lloyd Cabot. Tribes of the Sahara. Cambridge: Oxford Universe Press, 1960.

 

FL-280811 Giryd Iconografig

 

FL-130411 Language and Iconicity

 

Miron, Murray, S. (1961) ‘A Cross-Linguistic Investigation of Phonetic Symbolism’. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62: 623–30.

 

Prussin, Labelle. African Nomadic Architecture: Space, Place and Gender. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.

Prussin, Labelle. Hatumere: Islamic Design in West Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

 

Tressidder, Jack. Dictionary of Symbols: An Illustrated Guide to Traditional Images, Icons and Emblems. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1998.

© 2008-2013 www.forgottenlanguages.org

Ar'bibakaltur' dab anani kir belassur takire

 

Aunined rene eta aro tebasat sikar'es anani kir ar'bibakaltur' asar'bikar'es anani Rekain iru, rene bas zakerar'bi sere; itenen ono takire lakira tudi ar'bire tabaiseri: lappik, islinik, sardik edi belassur takire. Esat kir akirit anu, kiz arin abelesta anike lingistike atinok ar'kireda dazat azi ebeles'r al ena nilture anani kir esakir. Ar'kitautina akatuber'on atinok ezat ibelesz esat belassur takire: ibat, tas kir belaur'ni, kir lingistir adakir ebalor' oso uri kir ante. Kir belassur enata bod tar'tined arel ober'e zar'kik, rebalke ar'kitautina itare nare:

 

How can we make sense of these data? Is there a distinctive way of ‘becoming Roman’ in towns that probably shared ‘Punic’ pasts in comparison with other settlements of southern Iberia? In many of these
cities, the layout of the funerary space –on both sides of the main roads of the town- seems to follow the usual ‘Roman’ display, but the placement of tombs inside the necropolis was not arranged in a system of secondary funerary streets or diverticula like those found in other cemeteries of Roman Hispania.

 

Enaiun kota ezat kar'esar tikor'o aneb enar'bir utautina oso isker'ntan inar, arel kiz inon ber'ur akiranis disar ober'ona olaur'an oso rasi ar'kireda kir belassur enata bod tebasat betinin. Disar, anike etar'tino uzat oso disar, oniko arin obelesa zaz nden tar'tinukar tar'bid eki. Tibastan abelesta seno, inab, itiba oso kir osi belesent anani kir belassur enata tudi kir anubilos, kud ar'kireda kir belassur takire oniko arin zaz tudi karaba iunstirid apa esat tebasat ele laurarabar' rar.

 

Tebasat ital baiser bod ar'kireda obelesa Nabeles ber'ibeles' auninit katakir anike inin abar'dar Rh biker takire, edi akiranis ober'e rekar'e anani letibas anike inin Rh ezat takire okar asar'bi. Kir akak anani aiuneteker' ber'ibeles' ikara abar'abar'e tudi kir iunstirid saritabar' belassur abalketo ubelesre tudi kir aber'oni anani Nabeles; edi ede, kir ntakabar' anani balkebin kadi oso aiuneteker' ber'ibeles' tudi anani kir sek.

 

Tas kir obetanaitu anani ber'onabar'bas uninakira, kir aren abar'abar'e dot oso Nabeles tudi kir zuka 10.000 enitaunin ber'ibeles' ar'kireda anani Uden takire renakir tudi kir Torin Batinal. Disar utibas'bas' ber'onukaltur' dot razain oso auninikan abalkebas' balkeber'ona tudi Belesoba Laiunabar', kair kir akirit tar'tinom anani kir Uden tudi Nabeles, aro kir ainore anani kir prezeramikir aras bod tudi Mazedonia. Itenen beles'katuf aro kir rar kota ber'ibeles' inire thero kir Torin Batinal edi Belesoba Laiunabar'. Sidi, kota bul sobetin ber'onabeles etha deza tudi belesdan tind anani kir beles'ne; itenen kir Torin Lakiral Uden ber'ibeles' atu alen, kar'kid edi taunina, ber'ala kar'esop nul edi olan aiunek. Kir donea beme tudi kir Abar'rik Batinal (betinoun oran edi balkesakar'r) ker'eber'one taz anani atakatin tudi tebasat ele seno abalketo.

 

Tudi ber'onabar'bas udar'bi esat kir osi dab anani kir belassur takire, kiz arin balkede ar'kireda kir belassurs oniko arin zaz tudi asar'bi kair Auninim ainan edi ular'bi itaiuni ikara rebalke akirur ubelesre sobetin Rekain iru. Kiz uno ize ar'kireda isker'ntan eker'en ar'kitautina res arel oso kir enata abalkebas' eran arun oso kir iber'ar'ki anani neolitikani. Kiz sab, inab, ar'kireda tenat anani ara edi anani iru sedi belassur iden takire obelesa enas tebasat abar'zakar'es sakar'du abalketo.

 

Kir zakerar'bi nobetan akirikar thero kir Kaukasir edi kir belassur fike oniko akak ako. Tudi isker'ntan nal, disar bod s'arir oso ber'ber'one tebasat olakir rebalke kir tatha nobetan sakar'nai anani etar'tino anani rene ziz iten obelesa ubekonu tar'tinukar tebasat seno abalketo. Ito etar'tino, esat obar, ezat neden riber' ibikiris tudi kir aren erabetin tind anani kir Betanikules Zarik (betinoun Eber'n, Alikek edi Iled) zike zaz itebeles abar'dar Ankelo Anita etar'tino nden abar'dar aiuneteker' bane Ribor' Nabeles.

 

Ito etar'tino bul neden tudi Idabar' edi tudi kir ekonabar' anani Ribor' Nabeles, ber'ala Tar'bit Ezat esat dot ubelesre akireni uthe. Kir Ito enata neden tudi Beritani, Idabar', oniko arin zaz  kota akiranis bane Kornal, adakir tebasat ito etaiben ber'ibeles' nden edi bod diber't oka. Kota ezat sobetin eror tudi itad tebasat tok anani etar'tino, ula kas'ari abar'dar alul, ber'beles'l oso otobin tudi kir erabetin earo. Tebasat aren luz obar bod ar'kireda anani darabidiani etar'tino, nden riber' kabar'me inin tudi Dakatu. Balkebin, disar ber'ibeles' neden odas kir nesate anani Dakatu, arun oso kir iber'ar'ki anani kir Indo Rekain etar'tino rebalke kir arir. Kir aiuneteker' eke taiben bane kir Baini asarain; edi zabasb ker'ese Dakatu, abalkebas' aren lotar'tin ize kir kab anani kir Harappir anani kir Indus Anet tudi Abekoniltur abelesa 1750-1500 K.

 

Kota ezat eras ar'kireda kir harappir eran tebasat darabidiat enata; tudi eban ker'ena, kota bod sakar'bas rene darabidiene enata neden tudi Abekoniltur riber' (Brahui). Tiskerar darabidar etar'tino bul akora neden aren anani Uze.

 

Bendala, M., 2002. Perduraciones y romanización en Hispania a la luz de la arqueología funeraria: notas para una discusión. AEA, 75, 137-158.

 

Bengtson, John D. 1994. “On the Genetic Classification of Basque.” Mother Tongue (Newsletter) 22: 31-36.

 

Bengtson, John D. 1997. “Basque and the Other Dene-Caucasic Languages.” In The Twenty-Third LACUS Forum, ed. by A.K. Melby, pp. 137-148. Chapel Hill, NC: LACUS.

 

Blazek, Václav. 1995. “Towards the Position of Basque: a reply to Trask’s critique of the Dene-Caucasian hypothesis.” Mother Tongue (Journal) 1: 104-110.

 

Fentress, E., 2006. Romanizing the Berbers. Past and Present, 190, 3-33.

 

Ferchiou, N., 1987. Le paysage funéraire pré-romain dans deux régions céréalières de Tunisie antique (Fahs-bou Arada et Tebourba-Mateur): les tombeaux monumentaux. Antiquités africaines, 23, 13-70.

 

FL-210312 Biniken Belassur Shanikan

 

FL-series:

 

1. Alashiya and Milataya
2. Encoding information in geoglyphs: Information Retrieval in Hostile Environments
3. Febalke Rekar'esen tudi belasur – Moroccan Rock Inscriptions
4. Foreigners in Ancient Egypt - Edi tudi Osi Ikit
5. Fossil Languages
6. Kir Likureko
7. Kir kum'bar' anani izet
8. Lidiar tudi Etar
9. Text Segmentation Models for Iberian Inscriptions using NodeSpaces

Mattingly, D.J., 2007. The African way of death: burial rituals beyond the Roman Empire. In D.L. Stone and L.M. Stirling (eds.), Mortuary landscapes of North Africa. Toronto, 138-163.

 

Solà-Solé, J.M., 1980. El alfabeto monetario de las cecas “Libio-fenices”. Hacia un intento de interpretación de un alfabeto desconocido. Barcelona.

Stirling, L.M., The koine of the cupula in Roman North Africa and the transition from cremation to inhumation. In D.L. Stone and L.M. Stirling (eds.), Mortuary landscapes of North Africa. Toronto, 110-137.

Stone, D.L., 2007. Burial, identity and local culture in North Africa. In P. van Dommelen, N. Terrenato (eds.), Articulating local cultures. Power and identity under the expanding Roman Republic, JRA Supplementary Series 63. Portsmouth, RI, 126-144.

 

Wurmbrand, Susanne. 2004. “Two types of restructuring—Lexical vs. functional.” Lingua 114,8: 991-1014.

www.forgottenlanguages.org - Copyright © 2008-2012

Fossil Languages 

 

Eles ine ober'ze arin sikar bane osi Ikit edi Nubia bane Ikar'esak Orin X. Disar bod ikibasta ar'kireda odas isker'ntan tese akeralaku tebasat kar ber'it zara terer oso leru esod nano elera Araini retin arel disar utibas'bas' akiranis basber'onal kud. Ana aineka ikon itad relar kir aibebalkere esat izap rir dibasn anani retin zara sakar'bas oso ber'onukaltur' erir tas tebasat akit obetanaitu. Edi enaiun ber'it edi ber'onatal kiz kopi anek kulturek utibas'bas' binaze abaiseri kir saibet anani ober'e ainibekon élite, isker'ntan ber'ibeles' akeralaku dot kir ker'ena aro kir uda anani Faraoni Ikit.

Aren anani kir ine ober'ze kiz basber'onal ar'bitato bane kir rebeles'ekar' balkero zabasb Akaber' ezat okobas aro kir eniusik edi makiri nak ibast isker'ntan nul; isker'ntan nala, edi kir ele nokar iko anani kir ine fat, elo kir batol basen anani sekon ine aro isker'ntan tese arel rene anani abar'rik sitaibe zata anani subeles kar'kine ronen. Ber'onatal beleseru ber'onukaltur' teba ana ine ezat sinaunin terer ikibasta aro isker'ntan ren anani Araini orar'bidi. Rebalke kir ori anani kir Torin Sorol, inab, kiz erin belesdan dot sekon ine ibelesz esat koniusa.

 

 

Taino osakar'e kir baka esat isker'ntan, disar ebalor', ber'ibeles' kir nala ar'kireda kir itat edi kuze eraiun tar'bid anani kir Akirit Lar Tese ar'kinakir arel tebasat etaz esat kir basikete anani aineka kobassakar' esat nauninaiun ofo lid, kud inin ber'onedi kir balu anani rir nitike elera retin arel tebasat ekonabar' ibast Ikar'esak XI-XIII.

 

Aber'onekar' kir eni kam'bar'laku anani alen nesaiber odas Ikit abetine ober'e ena oso enod esat eraze anike ete ubelesre enaiun rakiri bul erur ibikiris diber't esat apaibe riked. Itas kiz oniko aber'aitu ar'kireda kota ber'ibeles' tebasat enoza tar'bid tudi kir tad anani kar'esop kir ikara edi enod erez. Oso isker'ntan lek sara kiz oniko ebo kir baskar'ese obina anani kir asaraunin balu anani ofo edi (atu akaiunerra edi karianerra) aneb kokar'esa tudi Ikit bane Kazi XXVI uthatin.

 

Akatuber'on obekonar'ki bekoneri iker karaba rekar'esen tudi karaba abar'ral enato.

Ber'onatal ereru kiz arin tudi kir ake anani ikara edi enod ine bane isker'ntan rar (rabaisere kir ober'ze aro kir ebalket Iunstiror aineka aro Gîza anike ana elera kir Wâdi Hammâmât anike aro Aswân) lenar'ki oso ber'onukaltur' kir uninakira anani kir ares enu, anike anani ana edi aneb zara ez-kultura deidu anas tar'tinukar tebasat tese anani rar.

 

Brooks et alii. The geoarcheology of Western Sahara. Preliminary results of the first Anglo-Italian expedition in the “free zone”, Sahara. Preistoria e storia del Sahara, 14, Milano, 2003.

 

Wölfel, Dominik Josef (1996): Monumenta Linguae Canariae. Gobierno de Canarias: Dirección General de Patrimonio Histórico, 2 vols.

© Copyright www.forgottenlanguages.org 2008-2012

Febalke Rekar'esen tudi belasur – Moroccan Rock Inscriptions

 

Atekar'iunstir kir badi lar'kir anani kir zuka tik ona ikaraunin kasi oso kir tek anani Libiko-Binetakir febalke rekar'esen tudi Ate. Kar'esar anani bale bul ibekono abar'dar tibasber'oni tudi kir ober'ona ikor'na Foum Chenna, Taouz anike Azib n'Ikkis. Eber'ar anani kar'esar sarauninisker' ar'kitautina karar'bin tanain tisker'a.

 

Tudi 1990 Rodrigue dini kar'esar rekar'esen bane Msemrir (Vallée du Dadès), tebasat ofo as'are anani kir bikirari tudi 1999 saiuni disar ital oso ebo kar'esar ofo kere (Pichler, Rodrigue 2000). Tudi kir badi lar'kir tebasat noza noba udar'bi tabilos tudi kir etir anani aiunon rekar'esen aro noza kalan febalke ira ara ikor'na Ait Ouazik, Ouaremdaz, Tazzarine edi Meskau.

 

Nabas kalan arel El Mahdaoui, kir bikirari anani Meskau ber'ibeles' akirit tar'tined abar'dar Simoneau tudi 1969. Zenak dini kar'esar oko anani edito edi rok. Zenak atubas kir bikirari ila tudi ber'oneare Balkenain (1977). Kir bikirari bod okobas aro kan eku batinal nesate batinal anani Akka, sinaunin ber'onalor'r bane kir arare thero Akka edi Tata, rarakar'es kir ned tar'tinukar kir waddi Meskau. Kir inaibenius ezat okobas aro kir zakira nilture anani kir akokaltur' anani ota. Kir ses anani kir oko ezat tudi asaraunin edi esarit nibas kere, kar'esar anani bale tudi Tazina paler, sobetin tudi ote kar'esim kere. Balkerak oko ezat ele eke.

 

Akeralaku aunined rene iti ber'onukaltur' ele kar'esabar'r tudi asaiun efe, tebasbetan kir zelik arin ar'bire ziltir'e (etat oso kir ero, rene oso kir nesate, rene osakar're) tebasat eri eda iti ber'onukaltur' sanakir taunini: kir efe anani kir ono zelik eterem bane ele neno oso ele atabar'. Aunined isker'ntan itaka ber'onukaltur' ober'e ded anani ezan, kir sabetin utibas'bas' ber'onukaltur': 3 (alalor'e), 4, 2, 1 (staz).

 

Kir zanar bod, aunined isker'ntan res leth oso nokar ezaunin anani kir akirar'biz anike sinaunin. Rene anani kir edar eras anani ezan bod kir kakose anike las anani ber'oner reber'.

 

Ona tuber'on aro itad rar ar'kindu reber' bul selkina aituzeta anani sosinas reber'. Itenen kota bod akiretere aunineb kir nala, ar'kireda kir ber'oner reber' (binor'tina ".") arin zaz selkina redu badi. Diber't ober'e koniusa anani kir ono zelik bane Oued Meskau ikokon ar'kireda ar'kitautina ber'onerik lenar'ki aro ana anu zelik itad ezat anat oso ber'onukaltur' kir baiserara kokar, "k" bod ibikiris iunstirid tudi kir kere rebalke ele atabar' efe.

 

 

Pichler W., Rodrigue A., The wall of discs at Msemrir, Vallée du Dadès (Morocco), Anthropologie XXXVIII/2, Brno, p201-203.

Rodrigue, A., 1990, Gravures rupestres inedites dans le Dades, Bulletin du Club Alpin Francais de Casablanca, 1989-90, 24-26.

Simoneau A., 1969, Les chasseurs-pasteurs du Draa moyen et les probèmes de neólithisation dans le Sud marocain, Revue de Géographie du Maroc, 16, 97-114.

Simoneau A., 1977, Catalogue des sites rupestres du Sud marocain, Ministère d'État chargé des Affaires Culturelles. Rabat.

© Copyright www.forgottenlanguages.org 2008-2012

Biniken Buskikike Agro-Nostratike Nataban

Those invisible Agro-Nostratic inmigrants 

 

 

Sinuskste likarsk shinenan shinitmi kitatbin lekitbin ritariku keuk situnita Murusste (Anatolia) katuskba shaniten, keike baan shuskenta Nostratika shatitmi lurikra (nikiktin Ririmke Shuskinu), sheike biniken Shekunban Kunabste (Barbujani & Pilastro, 1993):

 

It is substantively significant that the words for the foreign major domesticates in Old Egyptian are not loans from Indo-European or even Semitic or Sumerian. Even in early Semitic-speaking Mesopotamian cultures (for which we have written records), some of the words for important domesticates were apparently Sumerian loans.

 

Shuskabra shuskisis renitta sikuniku mikenta biniken agro-Nostratiken runusken. Nostratik nisatre biniken shinitta rikusen kike mitaben kiek riterta kerikike kiek shuskenta sunusen miturbin likuskste makro-nikuskta buririsk ben kiek riterta busatbin shiriansk shatitmi mitattin (shuskanan Ruhlen, 1991).

 

Mikanban Runurbin shurusmi Kear Kabikan sitatan kiek, shurusmi reratste sheike, ririansk-sarisan Merinke, biniken Shekunban Kunabste, labirira menatbin ririansk-kabikan Merinke keat biniken ritikbin Pleistozene shurusmi miriabta Holozene barurke bisitita kitatbin tikitban nimikba shabarste (shuskanan, Tititste, 1965):

 

The Badarian, in upper Egypt, is culturally interpretable primarily as a synthesis of indigenous Saharan and Nilotic traditions that incorporated some Near Eastern domesticates perhaps adopted from northern Egypt and apparently did not have a single simple antecedent.

 

Sinuskste nisatre teneken keat shatermi miturbin labirira lisarta nusartir shiriatsk keat lusaris supra Sahara Merinke nisatre rintin niritba kike Busekke; matiris shuskenta rabikmi tuskunita likiken keat situ rikirire labirira shimimtir kike supra Sahara labirira Sahara Merinke. Sinuskste, keat tuskabste, lisarta Afrikaniarta shuskenta shinekis kiek Merinke musisbin kike sharisba lisarta nikitbin menisike.

 

Shusiken shatiritin rituntin nekste, kikabike shunaten bair shusatta buskuriku, sheesk keiku nitiritir reratste keir shuskenta katustir keat bunirita biniken kateru kiek shiririkur tusitban keat biniken Shekunban Kunabste. Kusittir, biniken tabittin kiek shitiriku keat biniken Nilo kuskikban bimunis ruskurike 2000 lanabta teit busitban kenimban keat Murusste labirira biniken Kear Tiriurra (Hassan, 1988).

 

Bunansk, biniken baninre ratanre susiken keat biniken Shekunban Kunabste shatiritin biniken shunitita keir keat Murusste labirira biniken Kear Tiriurra: sanentir, shateru, tikitita, bisunsk, labirira laruskiku; sisiku shatiritin lisuskste likunan shuritta kike shinanita menursk biniken shinanan ritusktir lanban keat Merinke, baan biniken tateriku kiek laruskiku keir rekunban keat Wendorf, Kuskuskis, labirira Schild (1987) labirira Wendorf labirira Schild (1994), kiat shuskanan Clutton Brock, 1989, sheesk shuskenta shiriribin shuskisis bair laruskiku:

 

Recent studies in historical linguistics do not support an agro-Nostratic hypothesis that postulates Afro-Asiaticspeaking farmers coming into the Nile Valley from Europe. There are several reasons. The date of ancestral Afro-Asiatic is likely to be as much as 15,000 BP and possibly more. Conservative estimates place the date at 12,000 BP. There is no archaeological evidence for agriculture in Africa, Europe, or Asia consonant with these dates.

Biniken saneksk kerurmi kiek miriabta nikabis keat biniken Shekunban Kunabste nisatre ritenmi baan shuskabra reratste tikarban.

 

Mititen sikisu, biniken buskuriku rikerra keuk likuskste, shusatta, labirira nimikba munikita kuskikban lisuskste baratu biniken reratste kiek Nostratiek shenabtin keuk Murusste kike tinimta mikinike biniken tabittin kiek shitiriku keat biniken Shekunban Kunabste, sheit timenike keat rimarre Buririkur, shurusmi biniken nitiken kiek biniken Ririmke Shuskinu shatitmi shiritu keat biniken Shekunban Kunabste labirira menatbin Merinke:

 

More important, reconstruction of ancestral Afro-Asiatic (irrespective of its date) using all of the family’s members does not reveal terms for plant or animal domestication. 

 

Biniken buskuriku kenekba miriabta Buririkur kike shitanmi mikike kike shuskenta ririansk-tiriurra Labuskre bio-senusmi bisustin labittir.

 

 

Barbujani, G., & Pilastro, A. (1993). Genetic evidence on the origin and dispersal of human populations speaking languages of the Nostratic macrofamily. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 90, 4670-4673.

Bar-Yosef, O. (1987). Pleistocene connexions between Africa and southwest Asia. African Archaeological Review, 5, 29-30.

Bender, M. L. (1975). Omotic: A new Afro-Asiatic language family. Carbondale: University Museum, Southern Illinois University.

 

Ehret, C. (1995). Reconstructing proto-Afroasiatic (proto-Afrasian): Vowels, tone, consonants, and vocabulary. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Fleming, H. (1974). Omotic as an Afroasiatic family. Studies in African Linguistics, 5(Suppl.), 81-94.

 

Harrison, G. A. (1984). Migration and population affinities. In A. J. Boyce (Ed.), Migration and mobility. Society for the Study of Human Biology Symposium 23 (pp. 57-67). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

 

Keita, S.O.Y. (1983). A craniometric study of some ancient northern African populations. MSc thesis, University of Oxford.

Keita, S.O.Y. (1988). An analysis of crania from Tell-Duweir using multiple discriminant functions. American Journal Physical Anthropology, 75, 375-390.

Keita, S.O.Y. (1993). Studies and comments on Ancient Egyptian biological relationships. History in Africa, 20, 129-154.

Keita, S.O.Y., & Kittles, R. (1997). The persistence of racial thinking and the myth of racial divergence. American Anthropologist, 99, 534-544.

Kittles, R., & Keita, S.O.Y. (1999). Interpreting African genetic diversity. African Archaeological Review, 16, 87-91.

 

Nichols, J. (1997). Modeling ancient population structures and movement in linguistics. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, 359-384.

 

Wendorf, F., Close, A. E.,&Schild, R. (1987). Early domestic cattle in the eastern Sahara. In J. A. Coetzee (Ed.), Palaeoecology of Africa and the surrounding islands (pp. 441-448). Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Balkema.

Wendorf, F.,&Schild, R. (1994). Are the early Holocene cattle in the eastern Sahara domestic or wild? Journal Anthropological Archaeology, 3(4), 118-128.

 

Ibero-Punic Corpus from Eliskes-Elisces

 

 

ESK800
800 'eshshah esh-shaw'
sitinis kiek 784; shunusan: shunusan.
shuskanan ESK784

 

 

ESK801
801 'ishshah ish-shaw'
biniken shunitita keir 800, kiat turtin keat shuskenta ruskiken tituskke; rekinste, shuskenta litisu-timarra; kiat rusiken kiek mitaben likuskba: (timarra, likuskba), (buririsk) tikitban shunusan.
shuskanan ESK800

 

 

ESK802
802 'ishshah ish-shaw'
sitinis kiek 376 shurusmi 582; nitinbin menatmi, nashiym {naw-sheem'}; shuskenta shiriikban (turtin keat biniken shunitita shatimke tituskke keir 582): (shuskatka, mitrita) ess, shanunre, sikitban, kusiku, X natunkur, + misunan, kerusen, + nuskatban, sikatre, shiriikban. Bisersk tenatbin keat Kerunba.
shuskanan ESK376

shuskanan ESK582
shuskanan ESK582

 

 

ESK803
803 'ashuwyah ash-oo-yah'
sitinis rimitike kinekiku keuk shiriatke renatste ruserre buskinike kiike
susiken; tenisen: tenisen.

 

 

ESK804
804 'Ashshuwr ash-shoor'
shurusmi i Ashshur {ash-shoor'}; shuskinan keuk 833 (keat biniken tituskke kiek shariku); Ashshur, biniken bunansk maturen kiek Shem; shinenan nuskanre shititre labirira biniken manartin latitu tikitban labirien (shabimta. e. Reninis), busitban bikusis labirira busitban shitarita: Asshur, Assur, Reninis, Assuri.

Shuskanan 838.

 

 

ESK1514
1514 Gacham gah'-kham
keuk shiriatke renatste ruserre buskinike kiike likerste; shiriabta; Gacham, shuskenta maturen kiek Nahor: Gaham.

 

 

ESK1515
1515 Gachar gah'-khar
keuk shiriatke renatste ruserre buskinike kiike lantin; ririsk; Gachar, kerusen kiek biniken Nethinim: Gahar.

 

 

ESK1516
1516 gay' gah'-ee
shurusmi (leniktin) bekabtin {gah'-ee}; litbin (tikitban shekisiku) keuk biniken shunitita ruserre keir 1466 (shurenkur); shuskenta turintin (keuk busitban likikbin nerinis; risuskban, tikanmi, kiat lisuskste shuskenta kenuskbin shurusmi lanikre-sharabste): kunabste.
shuskanan ESK1466

 

 

ESK1517
1517 giyd gheed
litbin keuk 1464; shuskenta bimusen (keir ritis); tikitban shusunen, shuskenta kunikste: nuskabtir.
shuskanan ESK1464

 

 

ESK1518
1518 giyach ghee'-akh
shurusmi (leniktin) goach {go'-akh}; shuskenta larerre ruserre; kiike mitustin larurtin (keir simarre), likunan kiike barinbin: ritunke larurtin, labor kiike kanenta larurtin, raniktir larurtin, ruskuskste, shurabban lerurtir.

 

 

ESK1519
1519 giyach ghee'-akh
(Arami) shurusmi (leniktin) guwach (Arami) {goo'- akh}; lerusu kiike 1518; kiike nuskurre larurtin: rerarike.

 

 

 

 

• Belas, Guanche, Iberian, Eska
  
• Eska Inscriptions - Northwestern Mauritania Corpus
  
• Lybico-Berber Linguistics
  
• Mesapii
  
• Sabanra
  
• Sabanra 2

• Abdel Massih, Ernest T. 1969. Tamazight Verb Structure: A Generative Approach. Dissertation Abstracts International: Pt. A, 0419-4209; Pt.B, 0419-4217; Pt. C, 0307-6075. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, tamazight, morphology.

• Abel, Hans. 1913. Ein Erzahlung im Dialekt von Ermenne. Abh. Kais. Sach. Akad. Wissensch., vol. 29. Leipzig. PubLg: German. Cat: texts, Nubian, historical linguistics, comparative linguistics.

 

• Abercromby, John A. 1917. The language of the Canary Islanders. Harvard African Studies 1: 95-129. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, canary islands.

• Abes, M. 1916. Premiere annee de berbere. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: Textbook, Morocco, grammar, sample texts, glossary.

• Abes, M. 1917, 1919. Les Ait Ndhir. Les Archives berberes, vol. 2, vol. 3. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Ait Ndhir, Morocco, Tamazight.

• Abes, M. 1919. Chansons d'amour chez les Berberes. France-Maroc. PubLg: French. Cat: songs.

• Achab Ramdane. 1990. Tira taqbaylit Tizi-Ouzou.

• Aghali-Zakara, M. & Drouin J. 1981. "Recherches sur les tifinagh. 1. Eléments graphiques ; 2. Eléments sociologiques", Comptes rendus du GLECS, XVIII-XXIII,
• 1973-1979/2, pp. 245-272, 279-292.

• Aghali-Zakara, M. & Drouin J. 1997. "Ecritures libyco-berbères. Vingt-cinq siècles d’histoire", L’aventure des écritures. Naissances, Paris, Bibliothèque

• Nationale de France, pp. 98-111.

• Ahmad ibn Khauwas. 1881a. Dialogues francais-kabyles. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Kabyle.

• Ahmad ibn Khauwas. 1881b. Notions succinctes de grammaire kabyle. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar, Kabyle.

• Aikhenvald, Aleksandra Yu. 1986. On the Reconstruction of Syntactic System in Berber Lybic. Zeitschrift fur Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und

• Kommunikationsforschung 39:5: 527-539. PubLg: English. Cat: syntax, morphology, personal pronoun, internal reconstruction.

• Aikhenvald, Aleksandra Yu. 1995. Split Ergativity in Berber Languages. St. Petersburg Journal of African Studies Sankt Peterburgskii Zhurnal Afrikanskikh
• Issledovanii 4, 39-68. PubLg: English. Cat: syntax, case, ergativity, clitics, pronouns.

• Ait Menguellet, Lounis. 1989. Ait Menguellet chante...: chansons berberes contemporaines. Tassadit Yacine-Titouh, pref. de Kateb Yacine. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber songs, Lounis Ait Menguellet

• Akouaou, A. 1976. L'Expression de la Qualite en Berbere: le Verbe (Parler de Base: le Taselhit de Tiznit). These de Doctorat de Troisieme Cycle, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, quatrieme section. Paris: Sorbonne. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology, verbs, Tashlhiyt, Tiznit.

• Alalou, Ali and Patrick Farrel. 1993. Argument Structure and Causativization in Tamazight Berber. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 14:2: 155-86. PubLg: English. Cat: morphology, word formation, causativization, syntax.

• Albino, J. 1859. Manual del lenguaje vulgar de los moros de la Riff. Cadiz. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: textbook, Rifian.

• Allati, Abdelaziz. 1999. Toponymie et reconstruction linguistique en Afrique du Nord et aux Iles Canaries. Langues et Linguistique 25: 9-53. PubLg: French (with English Summary). Cat: morphology, historical phonology, Canary Islands.

• Alojali, Ghoubeid. 1980. Lexique Touareg-Francais. Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. PubLg: French. Cat: glossary, Tuareg.

• Alvarez Delgado, Juan. 1941. Puesto de Canarias en la investigacion Linguistica. Monografias, Instituto de Estudios Canarios, Universidad de la Laguna, vol.
• 3, sec. 2., no. 1. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: historical linguistics, Canary Islands, bibliography.

• Alvarez Delgado, Juan. 1964. Inscripciones libicas de Canarias: Ensayo de interpretacion libica. La Laguna: Universidad de la Laguna. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: inscriptions, orthography, Libyan, Canary Islands.

• Amat, Charles. 1888. Le M'zab et les M'zabites. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, M'zab, Berber history, Berber language.

• Amrouche, Jean. 1947. Chants berberes de Kabylie. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: songs, sample texts.

• Andrews, Clarence E. 1921. Berber Songs. Asia, vol. 21. PubLg: English. Cat: songs.

• Applegate, Joseph R. 1957. Berber Studies I: Shilha. The Middle East Journal II: 324-7. PubLg: English. Cat: bibliography, Tashlhiyt.

• Applegate, Joseph R. 1958. An Outline of the Structure of Shilha. New York: American Council of Learned Societies. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, Tashlhiyt.

• Applegate, Joseph R. 1959. Some Phonological rules in Shilha. Report of the Tenth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. Georgetown Monograph Series 12:37-42. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, Tashlhiyt, morpho-phonology.

• Applegate, Joseph R. 1963a. The Structure of Kabyle. U.S. Office of Education. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, Kabyle.

• Applegate, Joseph R. 1963b. The Structure of Shilha. U.S. Council of Education. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, Tashlhiyt.

• Applegate, Joseph R. 1966. Spoken Kabyle: A Basic Course (Pre publication Draft). Available from EDRS as ED 034-198. PubLg: English. Cat: paralinguistics

• Applegate, Joseph R. 1970. The Berber languages. In Current Trends in Linguistics, VI: Linguistics in South West Asia and North Africa, 586-664. Sebeok, Thomas A., Charles A. Ferguson, Carleton T. Hodge, Herbert H. Paper, John R. Krueger, Gene M. Schramm (eds.). The Hague: Mouton. PubLg: English. Cat: paralinguistics.

• Appoggi, -. 1933. Glossario dei nomi e delle terminologi piu in uso nei paesi abitati dai touareg degli Azgher. Tripoli. PubLg: Italian. Cat: glossary, Tuareg, Azgher.

• Aspinion, Robert. No Date. Maroc au 1/500,000. Carte linguistique. Rabat: Bureau des cartes de la Residence Generale. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Morocco, maps.

• Aspinion, Robert. 1937. Contribution a l'etude du droit coutumier berbere marocain. Casablanca. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Morocco.

• Aspinion, Robert. 1941. Textes relatifs aux maladies dans le parler des Ait Arfa du Gurgon. Hesperis, vol. 18. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Ait Arfa, Gurgon.

• Aspinion, Robert. 1953. Apprenons le Berbere. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook, Tashlhiyt.

• Aucapitaine, Henri. No date. Etudes recentes sur les dialectes berberes de l'Algerie. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Avezac-Macaya, Marie Armand Pascal de. 1840a. Les documents recueillis jusqu'a ce jour pour l'etude de la langue berbere et sur divers manuscrits anciens en cette langue qu'il importe de rechercher. Bulletin Societe de geographie 2/14: 223-39. PubLg: French. Cat: manuscripts, bibliography.

• Avezac-Macaya, Marie Armand Pascal de. 1840b. Notes pour l'etude de la langue berbere. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Bader, Yousef. 1983. Vowel Sandhi and Syllable Structure in Kabyle Berber. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 13:1: 1-17. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology,
• vowels, sandhi, syllable structure, autosegmental phonology, Kabyle.

• Bader, Yousef. 1984. Topic in Kabyle Phonology and Morphology. Ph. D. Chicago: University of Illinois. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, morphology, Kabyle.

• Bader, Yousef. 1985a. Kabyle Berber Phonology and Morphology: Outstanding Issues. Dissertation Abstracts International 45:7: 2082A. PubLg: English. Cat:
• phonology, morphology, autosegmental phonology, lexical phonology, Kabyle.

• Bader, Yousef. 1985b. Schwa in Berber: A Non Linear Analysis. Lingua 67: 225-49. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, schwa, nonlinear phonology.

• Bader, Yousef. 1989. Consonant Sandhi Phenomena and Syllable Structure in Kabyle Berber. Lingua: International Review of General Linguistics 78:4: 295-311. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, consonants, sandhi, syllable structure, obligatory contour principle, Kabyle.

• Bader, Yousef and Michael Kenstowicz. 1987. Syllables and Case in Kabylie Berber. Lingua: International Review of General Linguistics 73/4: 279-299. PubLg: English. Cat: morphophonology, syllable structure, relationship to case assignment, geminates, Kabyle.

• Barbara, Giuseppe. 1935. Arabo e berbero nel linguaggio italosiculo. Beirut. PubLg: Italian. Cat: comparative linguistics, Arabic.

• Barcelo, Carmen. 1990. ?Galgos o podencos? Sobre la supuesta berberizacion del pais valenciano en los siglos VIII y IX. Al-Qantara: Revista de Estudios Arabes 11(2): 429-460. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: Berber languages.

• Barth, Heinrich. 1853. Kelgeres-Lieder. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, vol. 7. PubLg: German. Cat: sample texts.

• Barthe, Albert. 1952. Manual elementaire de conversation touaregue. Paris: Centre des Hautes Etudes d'Administration Musulman. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook, Tuareg, grammar, glossary, dialect geography, bibliography.

• Basset, Andre. No date a. Aires phonetiques homogenes et nom homogenes. In Proc. 3rd Int. Congr. Phonet. Sci., 258-61. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, phonetics, maps.

• Basset, Andre. No date b. Quelques considerations sur la langue berbere. Le Monde non Chretien 11. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Basset, Andre. 1923a. Le nom de la "porte" en berbere. Melanges Rene Basset 2: 1-16. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1923b. Notes de linguistique berbere. Hesperis 3: 69-81. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1925. Le nom de coq en berbere. In Melanges Lingustiques Vendryes, 41-54. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1926. Arabophones et berberophones dans le Nord-Marocain. In Rif et Jbala, 77-8. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Arabic, Morocco.

• Basset, Andre. 1928. Sur quelques termes berberes concernant la basse-cour. Memorial Henri Basset 1: 5-28. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1929a. Etudes de geographie linguistique en Kabylie. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Kabyle, Algeria, maps.

• Basset, Andre. 1929b. La langue berbere. Morphologie. Le verbe. Etude de themes. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology, verbs.

• Basset, Andre. 1932a. Note sur l'etat d'annexion en berbere. Bulletin de la Societe d'Archeologie Copte 33: 173-4. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1932b. Notes sur le genre dans le verbe et dans le nom en berbere. In Cinquantenaire de la Faculte des Lettres d'Alger, 62-71. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1933a. Note sur l'element demonstratif en berbere. Bulletin de la Societe d'Archeologie Copte 34: 213-15. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1933b. Note sur les parlers zenaga. In Bull. Com. et. hist. sc. A.O.F., 319-32. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Zenaga.

• Basset, Andre. 1933-45. Siwa et Aoudjila, probleme verbal berbere. In Melanges Gaudefroy-Demombynes, 279-300. Cairo. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative
• linguistics, Siwa, Aoudjila.

• Basset, Andre. 1934a. Note additionelle a T. Lewicki. In Revue des Etudes Islamiques, 275-305. PubLg: French. Cat: manuscripts.

• Basset, Andre. 1934b. Presentation de cartes linguistiques berberes. In Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques, 42-3. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, maps.

• Basset, Andre. 1934c. Le systeme grammatical de berbere. Conf. Inst. Ling. Univ. Paris 2: 15-24. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar.

• Basset, Andre. 1934-5a. Autour d'une racine berbere. Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes orientales de la Faculte des Lettres de l'Universite 1: 73-6. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1934-5b. Parlers touaregs du Soudan et de Niger. Bull. Com. Et. Hist. Sc. A. O. F. 1934: 496-509; 1935: 338-54. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Tuareg, Sudan, Niger, maps.

• Basset, Andre. 1934-5c. Siwa et Aoudjila, probleme verbal Berbere. In 279-300, Melanges Gaudefroy-Demombynes. Cairo: Imprimerie de l'Institut francais
• d'archeologie orientale. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Basset, Andre. 1935a. Berbere inigi 'temoin.' Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 2: 20. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1935b. La parente linguistique et le berbere. Revue africaine 76: 357-9. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Basset, Andre. 1935c. Principes d'enquete linguistique appliques au berbere. Revue africaine 76: 369-71. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Basset, Andre. 1935d. Probleme verbal dans le parler berbere de Siwa. Melanges Maspero 3: 155-9. Cairo. PubLg: French.

• Basset, Andre. 1936a. Atlas linguistique des parlers berberes. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Algeria, lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1936b. Autour de E en Kabylie. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 2: 50. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology, Kabyle.

• Basset, Andre. 1936c. Deuxieme note additionnelle a T. Lewicki. In Revue des Etudes Islamiques, 287-96. PubLg: French. Cat: manuscripts.

• Basset, Andre. 1936d. Entretiens sur la determination et indetermination: berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 2: 52. PubLg: French. Cat: syntax.

• Basset, Andre. 1936e. Presentation des premieres cartes d'un atlas linguistique en cours de realisation des parlers du Sahara et du Soudan. In Proc. 4th Int.
• Congr. Ling., 177-82. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, maps, Sahara, Sudan.

• Basset, Andre. 1936f. Situation actuelle des parlers berberes dans le departement d'Oran. Revue africaine 76: 999-1006. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Oran, maps.

• Basset, Andre. 1936g. Siwa, Aoudjila et Imeghran a propos d'un rapprochement. Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes orientales de la Faculte des Lettres de l'Universite 2: 119-27. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, Siwa, Aoudjila, Imeghran.

• Basset, Andre. 1936-9. Atlas linguistiques des parlers berberes. Algiere. Territoires du nord. Fasc. 1, Equides, Algiers. Fasc. 2, Bovins, Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Basset, Andre. 1937. A propos d'un derive a nasale berbere. In Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes orientales de la Faculte des Lettres de l'Universite, 110-16. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology.

• Basset, Andre. 1938a. A propos de l'article de Schuchardt sur la rupture d'hiatus en berbere. In Act. XIX congr. intern. orient., 111-13. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology.

• Basset, Andre. 1938b. Le nom de l'etable en Kabylie et la flexion du Participe. Bulletin de la Societe d'Archeologie Copte 39: 177-8. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, lexicography, Kabyle, morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1938c. Note sur les parlers rifains du Zerhoun. IVe Congr. Fed. Soc. Sav. Afr. Nd. 2: 877-81. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Rifian.

• Basset, Andre. 1938d. Un pluriel devenu singulier en berbere. In Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques, 19. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1939. Formations accidentelles en berbere. In Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques, 45-7. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Basset, Andre. 1939-41. Six notes de linguistique berbere. Annales de l'Institut d'Etudes orientales de la Faculte des Lettres de l'Universite 5: 16-40.
• PubLg: French. Cat: morphology, phonology.

• Basset, Andre. 1940a. Au sujet de berbere (t)ahyam(t).... Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 3: 91-2. PubLg: French. Cat:
• lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1940b. Quatre etudes de linguistique berbere. In Journal Asiatique, 161-291. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, maps.

• Basset, Andre. 1941. La langue berbere dans les territoires du Sud. Revue africaine 85: 62-71. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography.

• Basset, Andre. 1942a. Etudes de geographie linguistique dans le Sud-marocain. Hesperis 29: 3-22. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Morocco, Tashlhiyt,
• Tamazight.

• Basset, Andre. 1942b. Sur le pluriel nominal berbere. Revue africaine 86: 255-60. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1943-45a. Apparence et realite en berber. In Journal Asiatique, 417. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Basset, Andre. 1943-45b. Sur la structure et la terminologie du verbe berbere. In Journal Asiatique, 442. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1943-45c. Voyelle initiale du nom berbere. In Journal Asiatique, 456. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology.

• Basset, Andre. 1945a. A propos du parler berbere de Ghadames. Travaux de l'Institut des Recherches sahariennes 3: 137-40. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Basset, Andre. 1945b. Sur la voyelle initiale en berbere. Revue africaine 86: 82-8. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology.

• Basset, Andre. 1946a. Berbere isnin 'tous les deux.' Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 4: 19-20. PubLg: French. Cat:
• lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1946b. Le systeme phonologique du berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 4: 33-6. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology.

• Basset, Andre. 1946c. Sur la proposition independande et la proposition relative en berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 4: 30-2. PubLg: French. Cat: syntax.

• Basset, Andre. 1946-47. Tidma, terme kabyle pour designer les femmes. In Journal Asiatique, 176. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Kabyle.

• Basset, Andre. 1947. Entretiens sur la mise a part: faits berberes. In Comptes rendus de Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques, 65-6. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language.

• Basset, Andre. 1948a. De nouveau a propos du nom de l'ile de Fer. In Onomastica, 121-16. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, Canary Islands.

• Basset, Andre. 1948b. Ecritures libyques et touaregues. In Notices sur les caracteres entragers anciens et modernes, 135-43. Fossey, Charles (ed.). Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography, Libyan, Tuareg, Tifinigh.

• Basset, Andre. 1948c. Etymologies berberes. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 4: 79-80. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics, etymology.

• Basset, Andre. 1948d. La langue berbere au Sahara. In Cah. Ch. Foucauld., 115-27. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, maps.

• Basset, Andre. 1948e. La proposition sans verbe en berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 4: 90-2. PubLg: French. Cat: syntax.

• Basset, Andre. 1948f. Sur la toponymie berbere et specialement sur la toponymie Chaouia Ait Frah. In Onomastica, 123-6. PubLg: French. Cat: toponomy, Chaouia, Ait Frah, Algeria.

• Basset, Andre. 1949a. Cartes usuelles et cartes scientifiques. In IIIe Congr. Intern. Topon. Antrhopon., 457-9. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography.

• Basset, Andre. 1949b. Sur une notation berbere de G. F. Lyons. In Annali, Istituto Universitario Orientale, Sezione Linguistica, 379-81. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts.

• Basset, Andre. 1949c. Sur le participe berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 5: 34-6. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1949d. Sur une singularite des parler berberes du sud marocain. In Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques, 29-31. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Morocco.

• Basset, Andre. 1950a. Les parlers berberes. In Initiation a Tunisie, 220-6. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Tunisia.

• Basset, Andre. 1950b. Reduction de diphtongue et constance de la voyelle initiale en berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 5: 51-2. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology.

• Basset, Andre. 1950c. Sur l'anticipation en berbere. In Melanges William Marcais, 17-27. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: syntax, morphology.

• Basset, Ander. 1950d. Sur une confusion de verbes dans le dictionnaire du P. de Foucauld. Travaux de l'Institut des Recherches sahariennes 6: 3-7. PubLg: French. Cat: glossary, Tuareg.

• Basset, Andre. 1951a. Determination et indetermination du nom en berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 5: 95-6. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1951b. Sur un theme berbere d'aoriste intensif insolite. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 6: 2. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1952a. Le langue berbere. Handbook of African Languages, Part 1. Oxford: Oxford UP. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology, morphology, syntax, glossary, writing system, bibliography.

• Basset, Andre. 1952b. La place du dictionnaire touareg-francais du P. de Foucauld dans les etudes berberes. In Journal Asiatique, 548. PubLg: French. Cat: glossary, Tuareg.

• Basset, Andre. 1952c. Sur l'evolution actuelle du preterit negatif en berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 6: 25-6. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1952d. Sur la metrique berbere. In C. r. somm. Insitut Francais d'anthropologie, 4-5. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, prosody, Tuareg.

• Basset, Andre. 1953. Noms de parente en berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 6: 27-30. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1954a. 'maintenant' en berbere. Bulletin de la Societe d'Archeologie Copte 50: 221-30. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1954b. 'n' devant complement de nom en berbere. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 7: 1-5. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Basset, Andre. 1954c. Sur berbere Ait Sadden it(t)h 'parce que' et la formation du systeme conjonctif. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 6: 64. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology, Ait Sadden.

• Basset, Andre. 1954d. Sur le participe dans le parler berbere d'Ait Sadden. In Journal Asiatique, 393-6. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology, Ait Sadden.

• Basset, Andre. 1955a. 'Apres midi' en berbere. Bulletin de la Societe d'Archeologie Copte 50: 181-7. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1955b. Notules berberes Ait Sadden. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 1-3. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Ait Sadden.

• Basset, Andre. 1955c. Sur le verbe berbere signifiant "vivre." In Afrikanistische Studien Diedrich Westermann zum 80. Geburtstag gewidmet, 15-50. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, lexicography.

• Basset, Andre. 1959. Articles de dialectologie berbere. Paris: Klincksieck. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Basset, Andre. 1961. Textes berberes de l'Aures. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Aures.

• Basset, Andre. 1969. La langue berbere. London: Dawsons. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Basset, Andre and J. Crouzet. 1937. Cours de berbere. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook, Kabyle.

• Basset, Andre and Andre Picard. 1948. Elements de grammaire berbere (kabylie-Irjen). Algiers: "La Typo-Litho" and Jules Carbonel. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar, Kabyle, Irjen.

• Basset, Andre and Andre Picard. 1949. Sur berbere YIR 'mauvais' chez les Irjen. Revue africaine 93: 291-313. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Irjen, Kabyle.

• Basset, Henri. 1917. Rapport sur une mission chez les Ntifa. Les Archives berberes 2: 97-122. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Ntifa, Berber language.

• Basset, Henri. 1918. Les elements du peuple marocain. France-Maroc 2: 261-7. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Morocco, Berber language.

• Basset, Henri. 1921a. Les influences Puniques chez les Berberes. Revue africaine 62: 340-74. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history.

• Basset, Henri. 1921b. Quelques nouveaux contes berberes. Rev. ethnog. 2: 26-38. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts.

• Basset, Henri. 1922. Les proverbes de l'Ahaggar. Revue africaine 43: 389-502. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Ahaggar, Tuareg.

• Basset, Henri. 1923. Un nouveau manuscrit berbere: le Kitab elmawaiza. Journal Asiatique 202: 299-303. PubLg: French. Cat: manuscripts, Kitab.

• Basset, Henri. 1925. La population berbere: Origines, Langue, Moeurs, Religion. In Armee d'Afrique, 13-21. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Berber history, Berber language.

• Basset, Rene. 1879. Poeme de Cabi en dialecte Chelha. Journal Asiatique 7/13: 476-508. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, Cabi, Tashlhiyt, sample texts.

• Basset, Rene. 1883a. Injil ne Sidna Aisa l'Masih' akken itsouaktheb sarresoul Mattieu. Algiers. PubLg: Kabyle. Cat: sample texts, Kabyle, translation of Matthew's Gospel into Kabyle.

• Basset, Rene. 1883b. Notes de lexicographie berbere. Journal Asiatique 8/1: 281-342. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Rifian, Djerba, Ghat, Kel Qui, sample texts, grammar.

• Basset, Rene. 1883c. Relation de Sidi Brahim de Massat. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Sidi Brahim, Massat, Tashlhiyt.

• Basset, Rene. 1884. Notes de lexicographie berbere. Journal Asiatique 8/4: 518-56. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Algeria, sample texts, grammar.

• Basset, Rene. 1885a. Notes de lexicographie berbere. Journal Asiatique 8/5: 148-219. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Beni Menacer, sample texts, grammar.

• Basset, Rene. 1885b. Notes de lexicographie berbere. Journal Asiatique 8/6: 302-71. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Oran, sample texts, grammar.

• Basset, Rene. 1885c. Salomon et le dragon. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 2: 3-4. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Kabyle.

• Basset, Rene. 1886. Notes de lexicographie berbere. Journal Asiatique, ser 8, vol 7. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Figuig, sample texts, grammar.

• Basset, Rene. 1887a. Contes populaires Berberes. Collection de contes et de chansons populaires, vol. 12. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts.

• Basset, Rene. 1887b. Le dialecte berbere de Taroundant. Giornale della Societa Asiatica Italiana 8: 1-63. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Taroundant, Tashlhiyt.

• Basset, Rene. 1887c. Manuel de langue kabyle. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook, Kabyle, grammar, sample texts, glossary.

• Basset, Rene. 1887d. Notes de lexicographie berbere. Journal Asiatique 8/10: 365-464. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Gourara, Mzab, Tuareg, sample texts, grammar.

• Basset, Rene. 1887e. Recueil de textes et documents relatifs a la philologie berbere. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Beni-Menacer, Oran, Figuig, Oued Draa, Tashlhiyt.

• Basset, Rene. 1890a. Le Dialecte de Syouah. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 5. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Siwa, grammar.

• Basset, Rene. 1890b. Les dictons satiriques sur les villes et les tribus d'Algerie attribuees a Sidi Ah'med ben Yousof. PubLg: French. Cat: Arabic texts, Algeria, Sidi Ah'med ben Yousof, toponymy.

• Basset, Rene. 1890c. Loqman berbere. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Arabic, bibliography, comparative linguisitcs, glossary.

• Basset, Rene. 1891. L'Insurrection algerienne de 1871 dans les chansons populaires Kabyles. Le Museon 11: 254-70, 330-51, 428-34. PubLg: French. Cat: songs, sample texts, Berber history.

• Basset, Rene. 1892a. Notice sur le dialectes berberes des Haratka et du Djerid Tunisien. Publ. IX Congr. Intern. Orient., vol. 2. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Haratka, Tunisia.

• Basset, Rene. 1892b. Textes berberes dans le dialecte des Beni Menacer. Giornale della Societa Asiatica Italiana 6: 37-84. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts,

• Beni Menacer, Algieria, glossary.

• Basset, Rene. 1893a. Etude sur la Zenatia du Mzab, d'Ouargla, et de l'Oued-Rir'. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 12. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, Zenatia, Mzab, Ouargla, the Oued-Rir', historical linguistics, grammar, sample texts, Algeria.

• Basset, Rene. 1893b. Index des principales racines des mots berberes. Le Museon 12: 5-16. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology, historical linguistics, comparative linguistics.

• Basset, Rene. 1893c. Rapport sur les etudes berberes, arabes et Ethiopiennes 1887-1891. Publ. IX Congr. Intern. Orient. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Basset, Rene. 1894. Etudes sur les dialectes berberes. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 14. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, phonology, morphology, historical linguistics, bibliography.

• Basset, Rene. 1895a. Etude sur la Zenatia de l'Ouarsenis et du Maghreb Central. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 15. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, Zenatia, Ouarsenis, the Central Maghreb historical linguistics, grammar, sample texts, glossary, Algeria, Morocco.

• Basset, Rene. 1895b. Les noms de metaux et des couleurs en berbere. Memoires, Societe de Linguistique de Paris 9: 58-92. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, comparative linguistics, morphology, Basque.

• Basset, Rene. 1896. Notes sur le chaouia de la province de Constantine. Journal Asiatique 9/8: 361-94. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Chaouia.

• Basset, Rene. 1897a. Etude sur les dialectes berberes du Rif marocain. In Act. XI Congr. Intern. Orient., sec. 5, 71-171. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, Rifian, Temsaman, Beni Ouriaghel, Ibeqqoyen.

• Basset, Rene. 1897b. Nouveaux contes berberes. Collection de contes et chansons populaires, vol. 23. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts.

• Basset, Rene. 1898. Notice sur le dialecte berbere des Beni-Iznacen. Giornale della Societa Asiatica Italiana 11: 1-14. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language,
• Rifian.

• Basset, Rene. 1899a. Les noms berberes des plantes dans le Traite des simples d'Ibn el Beiter. Giornale della Societa Asiatica Italiana 12: 53-66. PubLg:
• French. Cat: lexicography.

• Basset, Rene. 1899b. Rapport sur les langues africaines 1891-1897. Act. XI Congr. Intern. Orient 5: 53-70. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Basset, Rene. 1899c. Rapport sur les langues berberes et haoussa 1891-1897. Act. XI Congr. Intern. Orient 5: 39-51. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Basset, Rene. 1901. Nedromah et les Traras. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 24. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history, glossary.

• Basset, Rene. 1902. Rapport sur les etudes berberes et haoussa 1897-1902. Journal Asiatique 9/20: 307-25. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Basset, Rene. 1903. Contes populaires d'Afrique. Les litteratures populaires de toutes les nations. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: texts.

• Basset, Rene. 1905. Le nom de chameau chez les Berberes. In Act. Congr. Intern. Orient., 69-82. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography.

• Basset, Rene. 1906. Les mots arabes passes en berbere. Orientalische Studien Thodor Noldeke Gewidment 1: 439-43. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography,
• comparative linguistics, Arabic, morphology.

• Basset, Rene. 1908. Rapport sur les etudes berberes et haoussa 1902-1908. Revue africaine 52: 243-64. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Basset, Rene. 1909. Mission au Senegal. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 39. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Zenaga.

• Basset, Rene. 1910. Recherches sur la religion des Berbers. Rev. Hist. relig. 61: 291-342. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Berber language.

• Basset, Rene. 1915. Melanges africains et orientaux. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber languages, collection of articles, those dealing with Berber mentioned separately in bibliography.

• Basset, Rene. 1919. Rapport sur les etudes relatives a la linguistique berbere 1913-1918. Revue africaine 60: 161-9. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Basset, Rene. 1922. Textes touaregs en prose. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Tuareg.

• Basset, Rene, and G. Yver. 1908. Berberes. Encyclopedia of Islam. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Berber language.

• Bauer Landauer, Ignacio. 1921. El Rif y la Kabila de Beni Urriaguel. Memorias, Sociedad espanola de antropologia, etnografia y prehistoria 1: 3-13. PubLg:
• Spanish. Cat: ethnography, Rifian, Kabyle, Beni Urriaguel, Berber language.

• Begouen, Henri. 1932. De quelques poetes du Hoggar et de la poesie des Touaregs d'apres le Pere de Foucauld. In Mem. Acad. sci. inscr. bell. let. Toul., 203-34. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, Hoggar, Tuareg.

• Beguinot, Francesco. No date a. Le gente libiche. In L'Impero Coloniale Fascista, 375-400. PubLg: Italian. Cat: ethnography, Libya, Berber language.

• Beguinot, Francesco. No date b. Gli studi berberi dal 1919 al maggio 1922. Rivista degli Studi Orientali 9: 382. PubLg: Italian. Cat: Berber language, bibliography.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1914. L'area linguistica berbera. Rome: Ministero delle Colonie. PubLg: Italian. Cat: dialect geography, maps.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1917-8. Il gergo dei Berberi della Tripolitania. In Annuar. Ist. Orient. Nap. PubLg: Italian. Cat: Berber language, Tripolitania.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1924a. A proposito di una voce libica citata da Erodoto. Africa italiana, vol. 3. PubLg: Italian. Cat: comparative linguistics, historical linguistics, etymology.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1924b. Sul trattamento delle consonanti b, v, f in berbero. Riv. Accademia dei Lincei 33: 186-99. PubLg: Italian. Cat: phonology.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1925. Saggio di fonetica del Berbero Nefusi di Fassato. Rc. Accademia dei Lincei, ser. 6, vol. 1, no. 6. PubLg: Italian. Cat: phonology, phonetics, Nefusa, Fassato.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1927. Appunti di epigrafia libica. Africa italiana 6: 127-35. PubLg: Italian. Cat: orthography, Libyan, Tuareg.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1928. Sugli 'Atapartesi di Erodoto e sul nome berbero del grande Atlante. Memorial Henri Basset 1: 29-42. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics, bibliography.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1929. Note di epigrafia libica. Analli, Istituto Universitario Orientale, Sezione Linguistica. PubLg: Italian. Cat: orthography, Libyan.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1930. Per gli studi di toponomastica libico berbera. Att. XI Congr. Geogr. Ital. 3: 243-7. Naples. PubLg: Italian. Cat: toponymy, Libya.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1931a. Il berbere Nefusi di Fassato. Rome. PubLg: Italian. Cat: grammar, Nefusa, Fassato, Libya, phonology, morphology, syntax, sample texts, glossary.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1931b. Gli studi di linguistica berbera. Att. 1( Congr. stud. col. Florence. PubLg: Italian. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1931c. Gli studi di linguistica berbera. La Rivista Orienta 4: 137-47. PubLg: Italian. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1931d. Proposition en vue d'editer un dictionnaire compare des dialectes de la langue berbere. Paris: International Institute of African Languages and Cultures. PubLg: French. Cat: glossary, comparative linguistics, dialect geography.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1932. Le iscrizioni rupestri in caraterri tifinagh. In Att. 2( Congr. stud. col., 104-12. Naples. PubLg: Italian. Cat: inscriptions, orthography, Tifinigh, Tuareg.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1932-3. I berberi e le recenti scoperte nel Fezzan. Africa italiana 197-208. PubLg: Italian. Cat: Berber history.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1934. Gli studi di linguistica berbera. In La Rivista Orienta, 145-8. PubLg: Italian. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1935a. Le iscrizioni berbere del Sahara. In La Rivista d'Orienta, 59-62. PubLg: Italian. Cat: inscriptions, orthography, Sahara.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1935b. Studi linguistici nel Fezzan. Bollettino, Societa geografica italiana 6/12: 660-5. PubLg: Italinan. Cat: historical linguistics, the Fezzan.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1938. Di alcune parole dellinguaggi nord-africani derivate del latino. Rome. PubLg: Italian. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1939. L'unita linguistica semito-camitica. Annuario, R. Accademia d'Italia 1: 139-44. PubLg: Italian. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1943. Alcune etimologie e questioni fonetische Magrebine. Analli, Istituto Universitario Orientale, Sezione Linguistica 2. PubLg: Italian. Cat: historical linguistics, etymology, phonetics, comparative linguistics.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1949. Di alcune inscrizioni in caratteri latini e in lingua sconoscuta trovate in Tripolitania. Rivista degli Studi Orientali 24: 14-19. PubLg: Italian. Cat: orthography, Libyan.

• Beguinot, Francesco. 1953. Gli studi sull'epigrafia libica e sulle iscrizione Tuareg in Italianell' ultimo quarentennio. Libia 1: 82-90. PubLg: Italian. Cat: orthography, Libyan, Tuareg, bibliography.

• Belkassem ben Sedira. 1887a. Cours de langue Kabyle. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook, Kabyle, grammar.

• Belkassem ben Sedira. 1887b. Une mission en Kabylie sur les dialectes berberes et l'assimilation des indigenes. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Kabyle, Berber langauge.

• Benhazera, Maurice and Pelekus. 1933. Les Touaregs, les Tifinars berberes et l'origine de l'ecriture. Atlantis 6: 129-44. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography, Tuareg, Tifinigh.

• Benoit, Fernand. 1930. Recherches sur les berberophones. Act. XV Congr. Intern. Anthro. Archeol. Preh. Coimbra. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Djerba, Ahaggar, Morocco.

• Bentolila, Fernand. 1969. Les modalites d'orientation du proces en berbere. La Linguistique 1: 85-96; 2: 91-111. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology.

• Bentolila, Fernand. 1979. Les valeurs modales en berbere (parler des Ait Seghrouchen d'Oum Jeniba, Maroc central). In Linguistique Fonctionnelle, 191-202. Mahmoudian, M. (ed.). Paris: PUF. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology, Ait Seghrouchen, Oum Jeniba, Morocco.

• Bentolila, Fernand. 1981. Grammaire fonctionnelle d'un parler berbere, ait seghrouch en d'oum jeniba (maroc). Paris: Societe d'Etudes Linguistiques et Anthropologiques de France. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar, Ait Seghrouch, Oum Jeniba, Morocco.

• Bentolila, Fernand. 1991. La Possession en berbere. Modeles Linguistiques 13/1(25): 25-30. PubLg: French (with English summary). Cat: syntax, possessive construction.

• Bernard, Augustin. 1921. Enquete sur l'habitation rurale des indigenes de l'Algerie. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Algeria, Kabyle.

• Bernard, Augustin, and Paul Moussard. 1924. Arabophones et Berberophones au Maroc. Annis. Geogr. 33: 267-82. PubLg: French. Cat: dialect geography, Arabic, Morocco.

• Bernard, J. M. 1893. La langue Maure. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber Language, Mauritania, Senegal.

• Berque, J. 1950. Un glossaire notarial arabo-chleu du Deren. Revue africaine 94: 357-98. PubLg: French. Cat: glossary, Arabic, Chleu, Deren.

• Berthelot, Sabin. 1897. Antiquities Canariennes. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history.

• Berthelot, Sabin and Webb. 1842. Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history.

• Bertholon, Lucien J. 1903-6. Origine et formation de la langue berbere. Revue tunisienne. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Bertholon, Lucien J. 1905. Note sur les noms des Iberes, Berberes, et Africains. Bulletin, Societe d'anthropologie de Paris 6: 145-9. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, comparative linguistics, Spanish, African.

• Beurmann, Carl Moritz von. 1862. Brief des Herrn von Beurmann an Prof. Fleischer. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft 16: 563-5. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Augila.

• Biarnay, S. 1908. Etude sur le dialecte berbere de Ouargla. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 37. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: phononogy, morphology, syntax, glossary, sample texts.

• Biarnay, S. 1911a. Etude sur le dialecte des Bet't'ioua du Vieil-Arzeu. Algiers. PubLg: Saaden, Beni-Mgild, Morocco.

• Biarnay, S. 1911b. Notice sur les dialectes berberes parles par les Aith-Sadden et les Beni-Mgild. Revue africaine, vol. 55. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Ait-Saaden, Beni-Mgild.

• Biarnay, S. 1912. Six textes en dialecte berbere des Beraber de Dades. Journal Asiatique 10/19: 346-71. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Beraber, Dades, Morocco.

• Biarnay, S. 1915. Notes sur les chants populaires du Rif. Les Archives Berberes 1: 22-39. PubLg: songs, Rifian, sample texts.

• Biarnay, S. 1917. Etude sur les dialectes berberes du Rif. Bulletin de correspondance africaine 54. Paris: Leroux. PubLg: French. Cat: phonology, Rifian, sample texts, glossary, comparative phonology.

• Biarnay, S. 1924. Notes d'ethnographie et de linguistique nord-africaines. Brunot, Louis and Emile Laoust (eds.). (Pub.) l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Marocaines 12. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Mzabi, sample texts, glossary.

• Bisson, Paul. 1940. Lecons de berbere tamazight. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook, Tamazight, Morocco.

• Blaudin de The, Bernard. 1959. Essai de Bibliographie du Sahara Francais et des regions avoisinantes. Service des Affaires sahariennes. PubLg: French. Cat: bibliography, Sahara, many ommissions and inaccuracies.

• Boissontet, E. c. 1880. Le k'lem tifinag. Paris: Challamel. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography, Tifinigh, Tuareg.

• Bomhard, - and - Kern. 1994. No title. In The Nostratic Macrofamily, 25. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter. PubLg: English. Cat: comparative linguistics, Nostratic macrofamily.

• Bossoutrot, A. 1900. Vocabulaire berbere ancien. Revue tunisienne 7: 489-507. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Jebel Nefusi.

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• Capot-Rey, R., et al. 1954-58. Un glossaire des termes geographiques arabo-berberes. Bull. Liais. sahar., vols. 5-9. PubLg: French. Cat: glossary, Arabic.

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• Cohen, Marcel. 1928. Genou, famille, force dans le domaine chamito-semitique. Memorial Henri Basset 1: 203-19. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Cohen, Marcel. 1935. Sur l'affixe dans les verbes expressifs de diverses langues chamito-semitiques. In Melanges Maspero, 705-19. Cairo. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, historical linguistics, morphology.

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• Cohen, Marcel. 1947b. Essai comparatif sur le vocabulaire et la phonetique du chamito-semitique. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, glossary, phonetics.

• Cohen, Marcel. 1949. L'ecriture dans la main chez les Touaregs et en Chine. Comptes rendus du Groupe Linguistique d'Etudes Chamito-Semitiques 5: 56. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography, Tuareg, Tifinigh, Chinese.

• Cohen, Marcel. 1958. La grande invention de l'ecriture et son evolution. Paris: Klincksieck. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography.

• Cohen, Marcel. 1969. Essai comparatif sur le vocabulaire et la phonetique du chamito-semitique. Paris: Champion. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, Semitic languages, lexicography, phonetics.

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• Colin, Georges S. 1934. Une date dans l'histoire de la langue berbere. Hesperis 18: 201-2. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics.

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• Colin, Georges S. 1957. Mots berberes dans le dialecte arabe de Malte. In Memorial Andre Basset, 7-16. Paris: A. Maoisonneuve. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics, Maltese Arabic.

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• Dallet, Jean-Marie. 1957. Notes detachees pour servir a l'etude de la syntaxe d'un parler. In Memorial Andre Basset, 17-26. Paris: A. Maisonneuve. PubLg: French. Cat: syntax, Tizi-Ouzou.

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• Delaporte, J. Honorat. 1836b. Vocabulaire berbere-francais. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: glossary.

• Delaporte, J. Honorat. c. 1840. Grammaire de la langue berbere. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar.

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• Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Pg92A – Belas Pg92B

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas, Guanche, Iberian, Eska

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas. Anomalies in the Tartessian Realm

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Dunbendsiut belas Tatian

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Eska Inscriptions - Northwestern Mauritania Corpus

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas FILAR TUMRISET BELAS KINDEFNEU

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Guanche kev Crónica Matritense

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Lybico-Berber Linguistics

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Me kemdímadai Turireu

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas O’DONNIR MYGUDAU - Tartessian

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas SLOR USMULLLOR BELAS EIFTNAH

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Slandgruks ladd jìnfssóon id lòlìnslí

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Sudlusitan-Tartessian - Catalog of Inscriptions

· Forgotten Languages – http://ayndryl.blogspot.com Report Belas Zgokko Miraura

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• Hodgson, William B. 1829. Grammatical sketch and specimens of the Berber language. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol.1. PubLg: English. Cat: grammar, etymology.

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• Holscher, Wilhelm. No date. Libyer und Agypter. Agyptologische Forschungen, vol. 4. PubLg: German. Cat: Berber history, Libyan, Egyptian history.

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• Ibañez, Esteban. 1947a. Mosaico linguistico de Marruecos español. In Africa, 52-3. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: dialect geography, Morocco.

• Ibañez, Esteban. 1947b. Voces hispano-latinas en el dialecto rifeño. In Verdad y Vida, 365-81. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: historical linguistics, Rifian.

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• Jebbour, Abdelkrim. 1988. Processus de formation du plurel nominal en Tamazight (tachelhit de Tiznit, Maroc). In Memoire de DES. Rabat: Universite Mohamed V, Faculte des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines. PubLg: French. Cat: morphology, nouns, Tamazight, Tashlhiyt, Tiznit, Morocco.

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• Jebbour, Abdelkrim. 1996b. Syllable Weight and Syllable nuclei in Tachelhit Berber. Draft copy. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, syllabification, Tashlhiyt, Tiznit.

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• Joleaud, L. 1933. Rites de l'eau et toponymie chez les Ait Hadidou. Journal de la Societe des Africanistes 3: 346-7. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, toponymy, Ait Hadidou.

• Joly, Alexandre. 1909. Chansons du repertoire algerois. Revue africaine 53: 46-66. PubLg: French. Cat: songs, Algeria, sample texts.

• Joly, Alexandre. 1909, 1910. Poesies de Sud. Revue africaine 53: 285-307; 54: 96. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, sample texts.

• Joly, Alexandre. 1913. Le Chaouiya des Ouled-Sellem. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar, Chaouia, Ouled-Sellem, glossary.

• Jomard, E. F. 1845. Seconde note sur une pierre gravee trouvee dans un Ancien tumulus et a cette occasion sur l'idiome libyan. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography, Libyan.

• Jones, Zacharias. 1715. Dissertatio de lingua silhense. In Oratio dominica in diversas linguas versa. Chamberlayne, John (ed.). Amsterdam. PubLg: Latin. Cat: Berber language.

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• Jouad, Hassan. 1983. Les elements de la versification en berbere marocain tamazight et tachelhit. Doctorat de Troisieme Cycle. Paris III (?): Universite de la Sorbonne Nouvelle. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, metrics, Morocco, Tamazight, Tashlhiyt.

• Jouad, Hassan. 1986. Metres et rythmes de la poesie orale en berbere marocain. Cahiers de Poetique Comparee 12: 105-127. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, metrics, Morocco.

• Jouad, Hassan. 1987. Les tribulations d'un lettre en pays chleuh. Etudes et Documents Berberes 2: 27-41. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Tashlhiyt.

• Jouad, Hassan. 1990. La Metrique matricielle: Nombre, perception et sens. Bulletin de la Societe de Linguistique de Paris 85/1: 267-310. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: metrics, folk literature.

• Judas, Auguste C. No date. Etude comparative de la langue berbere. Revue de l'orient et de l'Algerie [et des colonies] 3: 57. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics.

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• Judas, Auguste C. 1871. Examen des memoires de M. le Dr. Reboud et de M. le General Faidherbe sur les inscriptions, orthography libyques. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography, Libyan.

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• Justinard, Leopold V. 1925. Poemes chleuhs recueillis au Sous. Revue du monde musulman 60: 63-107. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, Tashlhiyt, Sous.

• Justinard, Leopold V. 1925-6. Notes sur l'histoire du Sous au XIXe siecle. Hesperis 5: 265-76; 6: 351-64. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history, Sous.

• Justinard, Leopold V. 1926. Manuel de berbere marocain. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook, Morocco, Rifian.

• Justinard, Leopold V. 1928a. Notes d'histoire et de litterature berberes. Hesperis 5: 227-38; 7: 333-56. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history.

• Justinard, Leopold V. 1928b. Poesies en dialecte du Sous marocain. Journal Asiatique, vol. 213. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, Sous, Morocco, Arabic.

• Justinard, Leopold V. 1928c. Textes chleuhs de l'Oued Nfis. Memorial Henri Basset 1: 331-7. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Tashlhiyt, Oued Nfis.

• Justinard, Leopold V. 1930. Les Ait Baamran. Villes et Tribus au Maroc, no. 8. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: ethnography, Ait Baamran, Morocco, sample texts.

• Justinard, Leopold V. 1940. Notes sur l'histoire de l'Atlas. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history.

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• Laoust, Emile. 1918b. Le nom de la charrue et de ses accessoires chez les berberes. Les Archives berberes 3: 1-29. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics, etymology.

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• Prasse, Karl G., C. L. Patterson (tr.), T. F. Mitchell (tr.). 1964. The Origin of Berber Noun Prefixes. In The Proceedings of the First International Congress of Africanists, Accra 11th 18th December 1962, 97-104. Bown, Lalage and Michael The Classical Reviewowder (eds.). PubLg: English. Cat: African Literature, historical linguistics, morphology, nouns, affixes.

• Prasse, Karl G. 1969. A propos de l'origine de h touareg (tahaggart). Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Science & Letters. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber language, Tuareg, Tahaggart, phonology, historical linguistics.

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• Prasse, Karl G. 1974. Etablissement d'un nouveau phoneme vocalique en berbere oriental ou saharien (touareg, etc.) a voyelle centrale distinct de e. In Actes du premier congres international de linguistique semitique et chamito semitique, Paris, 16-19 juillet 1969, 87-89. Caquot, Andre and David Cohen (eds.). The Hague: Mouton. PubLg: French. Cat: Chadic languages, Berber language, phonology, vowels Tuareg.

• Prasse, Karl G. 1975. The Reconstruction of Proto Berber Short Vowels; Proceedings of a Colloquium Held by the Hist. Sect. of the Ling. Assn. (Great Britain) at the School of Oriental & African Studies, Univ. of London, on the 18th, 19th, & 20th of March, 1970. In Hamito Semitica, 215-32. Bynon, James, Theodora Bynon, R. A. The Classical Reviewossland, I. M. Diakonoff (eds.). The Hague: Mouton. PubLg: English. Cat: Chadic languages, Berber language, phonology, vowels, historical linguistics.

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• Richardson, James. 1847. Touarick alphabet with the corresponding Arabic and English letters. London. PubLg: English. Cat: orthography, Tuareg, Tifinigh, Arabic, glossary, Ghadames, Kabyle, sample texts.

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• Rinn, Louis. 1887a. Deux chansons kabyles sur l'insurrection de 1871. Revue africaine 31: 55-71. PubLg: French. Cat: songs, Kabyle.

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• Rinn, Louis. 1887c. Note indiquant le nom de l'auteur des deux chansons Kabyles sur l'insurrection de 1871. Revue africaine 31: 240. PubLg: French. Cat: songs, Kabyle, comment on Rinn 1887a.

• Rinn, Louis. 1889. Les oringines berberes. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber history, sociology, Berber language, same information as Rinn 1881-9.

• Riviere, Joseph. 1882. Recueil de contes populaires de la Kabylie de Djurdjura. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: texts, Kabyle, Djurdjura.

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• Rodd, Peter R. 1928. Translation of Tuareg poems. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 5: 109-12. PubLg: English.Cat: poetry, Tuareg, sample texts.

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• Rossler, Otto. 1952. Der Semitische Charakter der libyschen Sprache. Z. Ass. vord. arch. 16: 121-50. PubLg: German. Cat: historical linguistics, Libyan.

• Rossler, Otto. 1958. Die Sprache Numidiens. In Sybaris, 94-120. PubLg: German. Cat: comparative linguistics, Numidian.

• Rossler, Otto. 1979a. Bilingue von Thugga. In Die Numider: Reiter und Konige nordlich der Sahara (Kunst und Alterum am Rhein 96), 576-77. Horn, Heinz Gunter and Christoph B. Ruger (eds.). Cologne: Rheinland-Verlag; Bonn: Rudolf Habelt. PubLg: German. Cat: inscriptions, orthography, Libyan.

• Rossler, Otto. 1979b. Die Numider: Herkunft-Schrift-Sprache. In Die Numider: Reiter und Konige nordlich der Sahara (Kunst und Alterum am Rhein 96), 89-97. Horn, Heinz Gunter and Christoph B. Ruger (eds.). Cologne: Rheinland-Verlag; Bonn: Rudolf Habelt. PubLg: German. Cat: inscriptions, orthography, Libyan.

• Roux, Arsene. 1928. Les imdyazen ou aedes berbers du groupe linguistique beraber. Hesperis 8: 231. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, Amdyaz, Aede, Morocco.

• Roux, Arsene. 1932. Un chant d'amdyaz, l'aede berbere du groupe linguistique bereber. Memorial Henri Basset 2: 237-42. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, Amdyaz, Aede, Morocco, sample texts.

• Roux, Arsene. 1935. Le verbe dans les parlers berberes de Ighezran, Beni Alaham et Marmoucha. Bulletin de la Societe d'Archeologie Copte 35: 43-58. PubLg: French. Cat: comparative linguistics, morphology, Ighezran, Beni Alaham, Marmoucha.

• Roux, Arsene. 1936. Quelques argots arabes et berberes du Maroc. IIe Congr. Fed. Soc. sav. Afr. Nd. 2/2: 1067-88. Algiers. PubLg: French. Cat: lexicography, Arabic, Morocco.

• Roux, Arsene. 1938. Poesie populaire arabo-berbere du Maroc central. In IVe Congr. Fed. Soc. Sav. Afr. Nd., 865-72. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: poetry, Morocco.

• Roux, Arsene. 1942a. Recits contes et legendes berberes en Tachelhait. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Tashlhiyt.

• Roux, Arsene. 1942b. Recits contes et legendes dans le parler des Beni Mtir. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Beni Mtir, textbook.

• Roux, Arsene. 1949. L'epreuve de grammaire au Brevet de berbere. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: grammar.

• Roux, Arsene. 1950a. Initiation au theme berbere. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: syntax.

• Roux, Arsene. 1950b. Petit guide de conversation berbere. Rabat. PubLg: French. Cat: textbook.

• Roux, Arsene. 1951a. Choix de versions berberes. Bayonne. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Tashlhiyt.

• Roux, Arsene. 1951b. Quelques remarques sur la formation des noms de tribus chez les Berberophones du Maroc. In Act. Mem. IIIe Congr. Topon. Anthropon., 485-90. PubLg: French. Cat: tribal names, Morocco.

• Roux, Arsene. 1955. La vie berbere par les textes. Collection de textes berberes marocains, vol. 1. Paris: l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Marocaines. PubLg: French. Cat: sample texts, Morocco, Tashlhiyt.

• Rovsing Olsen, M. 1984. Chants de mariage de l'Atlas marocain. These de doctorat. Paris: Universite de Paris X. PubLg: French. Cat: Berber songs, Atlas,Morocco.

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• Saib, Jilali. 1976a. A phonological Study of Tamazight Berber, Dialect of the Ayt Ndhir. Ph. D. Thesis. LA: UCLA. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, tamazight, Ayt Ndhir.

• Saib, Jilali. 1976b. Schwa Insertion in Berber: Un Probleme de Choix. Afroasiatic Linguistics 3/4: 71-83. PubLg: French. Cat: Chadic languages, Berber language.

• Saib, Jilali. 1977a. A Phonological Study of Tamazight Berber: Dialect of the Ayt Ndhir. Dissertation Abstracts International 37: 6448A 49A. PubLg: English. Cat: Chadic languages, Berber language, Tamazight, Ayt Ndhir.

• Saib, Jilali. 1977b. The treatment of geminates: evidence from Berber. Studies in African Linguistics 8: 299-316. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, gemination.

• Saib, Jilali. 1978. Segment organization and the syllable in Tamazight Berber. In Syllables and Segments, 93-104. Bell, A. and J. B. Hooper (eds.). Amsterdam: North-Holland. PubLg: English. Cat: phonology, syllabification, Tamazight, Ayt Ndhir.

• Sanchez, Perez A. 1943. El nombre bereber de Zamora. Africa, September, 11-13. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: lexicography, Zamora.

• Sarnelli, Tommaso. 1924-25. Linguaggi coloniali ignorati. Naples. PubLg: Italian. Cat: sample texts, supplement to Africa italiana, Sokna.

• Sarnelli, Tommasso. 1948. A propos du nom berbere tizri dans le 'Guide d'oculiste de l'arabo-espagnol Muhammed al-Gafiqi.' In Act. XXIe Congr. Intern. Orient., 315-16. PubLg: French. Cat: historical linguistics.

• Sarnelli, Tommasso. 1957. Sull'origine del nome Imazigen. In Memorial Andre Basset, 131-8. Paris: A. Maisonneuve. PubLg: Italian. Cat: historical linguistics, Imazigen.

• Sarrionandia, Pedro. 1906. Gramatica de la lengua rifena. Tangiers. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: grammar, phonology, morphology, syntax.

• Sarrionandia, Pedro. 1907. Contestacion de P. Pedro H. Sarrionandia al Sr. Rene Basset. Tangiers. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: grammar, Rif.

• Sarrionandia, Pedro. 1909. Noticia sobre la lengua que se hablo en el Rif. Tangiers. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: Berber language, Rifian.

• Saulcy, Louis F. de. 1849. Observations sur l'alphabet Tifinag. Journal Asiatique 4/13: 247-64. PubLg: French. Cat: orthography, Tifinigh.

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• Schmidt, Vidal F. 1945. Ensayo sobre linguistica en el Rif Occidental. Africa, October, 32-7. PubLg: Spanish. Cat: Berber language, Rifian.

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• Scmitt-Brandt, R. 1979. Berber Influences in Maghrebian Arabic. Folia Linguistica 13/3-4: 229-35. PubLg: English. Cat: comparative linguistics, North Africa, Arabic.

• Servier, Jean. 1955. Chants des femmes de l'Aures. Paris. PubLg: French. Cat: songs, Aures.

• Shaler, William. 1823. On the language, manners and customs of the Berbers. Philadelphia. PubLg: English. Cat: ethnography, Berber language, letters to Peter Du Ponceau.

• Shaler, William. 1826. Sketches of Algiers. Boston. PubLg: English. Cat: ethnography, Algiers, Algieria, Berber language.

• Shaw, Thomas. 1738. Travels and observations relating to several parts of Barbary and the Levant. Oxford. PubLg: English. Cat: Berber language, glossary, Zouave.

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• Smith, Neil V., Ianthi Maria Tsimpli, and Jamal Ouhalla. 1993. Learning the Impossible: The Acquisition of Possible and Impossible Languages by a Polyglot

• Savant. Lingua: International Review of General Linguistics 91/4: 279-347. PubLg: English. Cat: syntax, Berber language learning.

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• Stumme, Hans. 1895a. Dichtkunst und Geichte der Schluh. Leipzig. PubLg: German. Cat: poetry, Tashlhiyt.

• Stumme, Hans. 1895b. Marchen der Schluh von Tazerwalt. Leipzig. PubLg: German. Cat: sample texts, Tashlhiyt, Tazerwalt.

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